Article
Immunology
Trevor A. Crowell, Brook Danboise, Ajay Parikh, Allahna Esber, Nicole Dear, Peter Coakley, Alex Kasembeli, Jonah Maswai, Samoel Khamadi, Emmanuel Bahemana, Michael Iroezindu, Francis Kiweewa, John Owuoth, Joanna Freeman, Linda L. Jagodzinski, Jennifer A. Malia, Leigh Ann Eller, Sodsai Tovanabutra, Sheila A. Peel, Julie A. Ake, Christina S. Polyak
Summary: The study investigated HIV drug resistance among ART-naive and ART-experienced individuals in Africa, revealing a high burden of HIV drug resistance among those on failing ART regimens, potentially limiting the efficacy of standard first- and second-line regimens. Management strategies emphasizing adherence counseling while delaying ART switch may promote drug resistance and should be reconsidered.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Tomi Akinyemiju, Kemi Ogunsina, Anjali Gupta, Iris Liu, Dejana Braithwaite, Robert A. Hiatt
Summary: Cancer burden is increasing globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries. These countries lack comprehensive cancer control programs and funding, therefore primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention strategies are needed to reduce the cancer burden.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Rahila Ansari, Lindsey B. Rosen, Andrea Lisco, Don Gilden, Steven M. Holland, Christa S. Zerbe, Robert A. Bonomo, Jeffrey Cohen
Summary: The study looked at a patient with varicella-zoster virus central nervous system vasculopathy and found that certain immune deficiencies can hinder interferon activity, potentially worsening the disease. Genes associated with severe varicella and/or zoster were also identified, indicating the critical role of interferon in controlling VZV infections. New treatment approaches for VZV infection in patients with specific immune deficiencies were suggested.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Olof Elvstam, Gaetano Marrone, Patrik Medstrand, Carl Johan Treutiger, Veronica Svedhem, Magnus Gisslen, Per Bjorkman
Summary: In the nationwide Swedish cohort, longitudinal HIV RNA levels during combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) in adults initiating therapy 1996-2017 were not associated with cancer incidence, whereas higher pre-ART viral load was an independent predictor of incident invasive cancer.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Daniele Sorgatto Fae, Sibele Nascimento de Aquino, Francielle Silvestre Verner, Cleidiel Aparecido Araujo Lemos
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the risk of dental caries in HIV-infected and uninfected children and adolescents. Sixteen studies were included in the meta-analysis, which revealed that HIV-infected children and adolescents had a higher risk of dental caries in both primary and permanent dentitions.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Veena R. Gujju, Bushra Akram, Dena R. Shibib, Miranda A. McGhee, Douglas A. Drevets
Summary: Bordetella bronchiseptica is a common cause of upper respiratory tract infections in domesticated dogs and cats, and a rare zoonotic pathogen in immunocompromised humans. In patients with HIV/AIDS, this infection can lead to pneumonia with interstitial infiltrates, often accompanied by sepsis. Advanced immune suppression and other chronic conditions that compromise host defenses are commonly associated with B bronchiseptica infection in patients who do not have HIV infection.
Editorial Material
Psychology, Biological
Omar Galarraga, Sebastian Linnemayr, Sandra I. McCoy, Harsha Thirumurthy, Christopher Gordon, Susan Vorkoper
Summary: Effective HIV prevention and treatment services are not fully utilized, and the reasons behind this can be understood through the lens of behavioral economics. This field offers cost-effective interventions to change behaviors, and we urge investment in scaling up these approaches to help in ending HIV.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
P. M. Carrera, S. Calderazzo
Summary: According to the International Public Opinion Survey on Cancer 2020, nearly 1 in 3 individuals in high-income countries (HIC) did not engage in risk reduction, and only 1 in 4 individuals knew that eating red and processed meat was a cancer risk factor. Our study explored the relationship between risk-reduction behavior and self-perceived knowledge of cancer risk factors in HIC. The results showed that knowledge of cancer risk factors was positively associated with risk reduction in HIC.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Virology
Ligia Maria Nascimento Arantes, Andrey Oeiras Pedroso, Mayra Goncalves Menegueti, Elucir Gir, Elia Pinheiro Botelho, Ana Cristina de Oliveira e Silva, Renata Karina Reis
Summary: This study aimed to identify factors associated with late diagnosis and provide clinical monitoring for newly diagnosed HIV/AIDS patients. The results showed a high prevalence of late and very late diagnoses, suggesting the need to focus on factors related to late diagnosis.
Review
Immunology
Ivona Pandrea, Kelsie Brooks, Rahul P. P. Desai, Minali Tare, Jason M. M. Brenchley, Cristian Apetrei
Summary: The diversity and location of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract can directly affect viral disease pathogenesis. Infections such as HIV, SIV, and SARS-CoV-2 can cause gastrointestinal pathology, and therapeutic interventions targeting the gastrointestinal tract may improve patient outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Lei Wang, Xiang-yu Yan, Lin Mei, Zhong-wei Jia, Rui-gang Hao, Ji-hong Xu, Bo Zhang
Summary: This study aims to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of various e-health interventions on HIV prevention, with the objective of providing data support and guidance for the development of future e-health HIV intervention strategies.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ali Ahmed, Muhammad Saqlain, Malik Muhammad Umair, Furqan Khurshid Hashmi, Hamid Saeed, Muhammad Amer, Ali Qais Blebil, Juman Abdulelah Dujaili
Summary: Anxiety and depression are prevalent among people living with HIV/AIDS, with significant predictors including illicit drug use, low social support, male gender, and HIV-related stigma for depression; and detectable viral load, young age, lack of formal education, low or moderate social support, illicit drug addiction, and HIV stigma for anxiety. Interventions focusing on mental health monitoring and services based on these factors are crucial for addressing mental health issues in PLWHA.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Serra Lem Asangbeh-Kerman, Masa Davidovic, Katayoun Taghavi, James Kachingwe, Kereng Molly Rammipi, Laura Muzingwani, Magaret Pascoe, Marielle Jousse, Masangu Mulongo, Mulindi Mwanahamuntu, Neo Tapela, Oluwasanmi Akintade, Partha Basu, Xolisile Dlamini, Julia Bohlius
Summary: Considerable progress has been made in policy development for cervical cancer prevention and control in sub-Saharan Africa. However, in countries with a high HIV burden, there is a need to tailor these policies to respond to the specific needs of women living with HIV (WLHIV). Countries may consider updating policies using the recent WHO guidelines for cervical cancer prevention, while adapting them to context realities.
Article
Pediatrics
Miguel Garcia-Boyano, William Vega, Luis Prieto, Nelly Chavez-Solorzano, Dalton Solis Montiel, Greta Mino-Leon
Summary: Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis is considered a top AIDS-defining illness in South America, with limited reported experience in children. This study in Ecuador found that clinical manifestations and laboratory findings in children living with HIV and PDH are similar to those in adults, with low CD4 cell count being a significant risk factor.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Eric A. Engels, Meredith S. Shiels, Ruanne V. Barnabas, Julia Bohlius, Paul Brennan, Jessica Castilho, Stephen J. Chanock, Megan A. Clarke, Anna E. Coghill, Jean-Damien Combes, Scott Dryden-Peterson, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Satish Gopal, Antoine Jaquet, Kathryn Lurain, Alain Makinson, Jeffrey Martin, Mazvita Muchengeti, Robert Newton, Fred Okuku, Jackson Orem, Joel M. Palefsky, Ramya Ramaswami, Hilary A. Robbins, Keith Sigel, Sylvia Silver, Gita Suneja, Robert Yarchoan, Gary M. Clifford
Summary: An estimated 38 million people living with HIV (PLWH) worldwide are at increased risk for multiple types of cancer due to exposure to carcinogens and HIV-related immunosuppression. As the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased life expectancy, cancer has become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in PLWH. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) convened a meeting to discuss cancer in PLWH, including epidemiology, etiology, tumor characterization, prevention, treatment disparities, and survival. The report provides a summary of the meeting proceedings and key research priorities and recommendations in these areas.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Roger J. Bedimo, Lesley S. Park, Fatima M. Shebl, Keith Sigel, Christopher T. Rentsch, Kristina Crothers, Maria C. Rodriguez-Barradas, Matthew Bidwell Goetz, Adeel A. Butt, Sheldon T. Brown, Cynthia Gibert, Amy C. Justice, Janet P. Tate
Summary: The study found that exposure to statins was associated with a lower risk of microbial-associated cancer incidence and mortality in both PWH and uninfected individuals, but not with non-microbial cancer risk.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jing Sun, Keri N. Althoff, Yuezhou Jing, Michael A. Horberg, Kate Buchacz, M. John Gill, Amy C. Justice, Charles S. Rabkin, James J. Goedert, Keith Sigel, Edward Cachay, Lesley Park, Joseph K. Lim, H. Nina Kim, Vincent Lo Re, Richard Moore, Timothy Sterling, Marion G. Peters, Chad J. Achenbach, Michael Silverberg, Jennifer E. Thorne, Angel M. Mayor, Heidi M. Crane, Mari M. Kitahata, Marina Klein, Gregory D. Kirk
Summary: The study found that HCC rates among PWH increased significantly from 1996 to 2015. Those coinfected with viral hepatitis, with higher HIV RNA levels or lower CD4 cell counts, and individuals who inject drugs were associated with higher HCC risk.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Anna Holman, Erin Kross, Kristina Crothers, Allison Cole, Karen Wernli, Matthew Triplette
Summary: This study aimed to understand patients' perspectives on barriers and facilitators to adherence to annual lung cancer screening. Through semi-structured interviews with 40 participants, the study identified seven themes and highlighted key facilitators (such as patient reminders and provider recommendations) to improve long-term screening behavior, as well as barriers that could be addressed through patient navigation.
Article
Immunology
Lesley S. Park, Kathleen A. McGinnis, Kirsha S. Gordon, Amy C. Justice, Wendy Leyden, Michael J. Silverberg, Jacek Skarbinski, Celeena Jefferson, Michael Horberg, Julia Certa, Sonia Napravnik, Jessie K. Edwards, Daniel Westreich, Lisa Bastarache, Srushti Gangireddy, Lorie Benning, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Carolyn Williams, Keri N. Althoff
Summary: This study analyzed the testing and positivity rates of SARS-CoV-2 among HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in six diverse cohorts across the United States. The results showed that HIV-positive individuals had higher testing rates, but there was no evidence of increased positivity compared to HIV-negative individuals in the clinical cohorts.
JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Michael S. Leapman, Kimberly Stone, Roxanne Wadia, Lesley S. Park, Cynthia L. Gibert, Matthew B. Goetz, Roger Bedimo, Maria Rodriguez-Barradas, Fatma Shebl, Amy C. Justice, Sheldon T. Brown, Kristina Crothers, Keith M. Sigel
Summary: The risk of prostate cancer among individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not well understood. This study found that when accounting for less prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing among HIV-positive individuals, the incidence of prostate cancer was similar to that of HIV-negative individuals.
JOURNAL OF UROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Guilin Li, Lesley S. Park, Sara Lodi, Roger W. Logan, Emily J. Cartwright, Lydia Aoun-Barakat, Juan P. Casas, Barbra A. Dickerman, Christopher T. Rentsch, Amy C. Justice, Miguel A. Hernan
Summary: This study compared the risk of COVID-19 outcomes among men with HIV using different antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens. The results suggest that tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) may provide protection against COVID-19-related events.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sally B. Coburn, Elizabeth Humes, Raynell Lang, Cameron Stewart, Brenna C. Hogan, Kelly A. Gebo, Sonia Napravnik, Jessie K. Edwards, Lindsay E. Browne, Lesley S. Park, Amy C. Justice, Kirsha S. Gordon, Michael A. Horberg, Julia M. Certa, Eric Watson, Celeena R. Jefferson, Michael J. Silverberg, Jacek Skarbinski, Wendy A. Leyden, Carolyn F. Williams, Keri N. Althoff
Summary: This study aims to estimate the rate and risk of breakthrough infections among fully vaccinated people with HIV (PWH) and people without HIV (PWoH) in the United States. The results showed that PWH had a higher risk of breakthrough infections compared with PWoH. Therefore, the expansion of recommendations for additional vaccine doses to all PWH should be considered.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Raynell Lang, Elizabeth Humes, Sally B. Coburn, Michael A. Horberg, Lily F. Fathi, Eric Watson, Celeena R. Jefferson, Lesley S. Park, Kirsha S. Gordon, Kathleen M. Akgun, Amy C. Justice, Sonia Napravnik, Jessie K. Edwards, Lindsay E. Browne, Deana M. Agil, Michael J. Silverberg, Jacek Skarbinski, Wendy A. Leyden, Cameron Stewart, Brenna C. Hogan, Kelly A. Gebo, Vincent C. Marconi, Carolyn F. Williams, Keri N. Althoff
Summary: This cohort study found that the risk of severe breakthrough COVID-19 within 28 days of vaccination was low among both vaccinated people with HIV and those without HIV. However, individuals with moderate or severe immune suppression had a higher risk of severe breakthrough infection and should be prioritized for additional vaccine doses and risk-reduction strategies.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Celeena Jefferson, Eric Watson, Julia M. Certa, Kirsha S. Gordon, Lesley S. Park, Gypsyamber D'Souza, Lorie Benning, Alison G. Abraham, Deana Agil, Sonia Napravnik, Michael J. Silverberg, Wendy A. Leyden, Jacek Skarbinski, Carolyn Williams, Keri N. Althoff, Michael A. Horberg
Summary: This study explores racial/ethnic and sex disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic, even in healthcare settings with reduced barriers to accessing care. Black patients and men are more likely to experience hospitalization and death related to COVID-19.
Article
Immunology
Alexandra N. Lea, Wendy A. Leyden, Oleg Sofrygin, Ben J. Marafino, Jacek Skarbinski, Sonia Napravnik, Deana Agil, Michael Augenbraun, Lorie Benning, Michael A. Horberg, Celeena Jefferson, Vincent C. Marconi, Lesley S. Park, Kirsha S. Gordon, Lisa Bastarache, Srushti Gangireddy, Keri N. Althoff, Sally B. Coburn, Kelly A. Gebo, Raynell Lang, Carolyn Williams, Michael J. Silverberg
Summary: This study examined the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes in people with HIV and whether the antiretroviral drug tenofovir provided protection. The results showed that people with HIV were at a higher risk for hospitalization and severe outcomes compared to those without HIV. However, prior use of tenofovir was associated with a reduced risk of hospitalization in both groups.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Keith Sigel, Michael J. Silverberg, Kristina Crothers, Lesley Park, Inna Lishchenko, Xuesong Han, Wendy Leyden, Minal Kale, Kimberly Stone, Carlie Sigel, Juan Wisnivesky, Chung Yin Kong
Summary: The optimal treatment pathways for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer in persons living with HIV are unclear. A simulation model was created using large HIV datasets, which showed that less aggressive treatment approaches were projected to be noninferior for some groups of people living with HIV.
CLINICAL LUNG CANCER
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Alwiya Ahmed, Daniel S. Hippe, Madison Snidarich, Kristina Crothers, Matthew Triplette
Summary: This study aims to evaluate delays in follow-up in patients with positive lung cancer screening findings and to examine the impact of delay on lung cancer staging.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Guang-Shing Cheng, Kristina Crothers, Stefano Aliberti, Anne Bergeron, Michael Boeckh, Jason W. Chien, Catia Cilloniz, Keira Cohen, Nathan Dean, Charles S. Dela Cruz, Robert P. Dickson, Alexander L. Greninger, Chadi A. Hage, Tobias M. Hohl, Steven M. Holland, Barbara E. Jones, Joseph Keane, Mark Metersky, Rachel Miller, Anne Puel, Julio Ramirez, Marcos Restrepo, Ajay Sheshadri, Bashar Staitieh, Jeffrey Tarrand, Kevin L. Winthrop, Richard G. Wunderink, Scott E. Evans
Summary: Pneumonia poses a clinical burden on immunocompromised individuals, who are often excluded from clinical guidelines and trials. The lack of a widely accepted definition for immunocompromised host pneumonia hampers consistent care and research. To address this, the American Thoracic Society convened a workshop to define immunocompromised host pneumonia and its diagnostic criteria.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Substance Abuse
L. S. Park, J. P. Tate, C. T. Rentsch, K. Bryant, A. C. Justice, E. Williams, S. T. Brown, E. Hsieh, K. McGinnis
ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Matthew Triplette, David S. Wenger, Shahida Shahrir, Erin K. Kross, Christine Kava, Amanda Phipps, Stephen E. Hawes, Allison Cole, Madison Snidarich, Kristina Crothers
Summary: Adherence to follow-up lung cancer screening is suboptimal in real-world settings. Patients have poor understanding of follow-up recommendations, especially those with lower education levels and positive findings. However, misidentification of follow-up recommendations does not necessarily lead to lower adherence.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2022)
