Article
Immunology
Lena Hansen, Fan Zhou, Hakon Amdam, Mai-Chi Trieu, Rebecca Jane Cox
Summary: The study showed that adjuvanted influenza vaccine can induce durable NA-specific antibody responses, which can be further boosted by TIVs. Each subsequent vaccination increases durable titers and contributes to maintaining the durability of functional antibody titers. However, high levels of pre-existing antibodies may negatively affect the magnitude of fold-increase in repeatedly vaccinated individuals.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ruipeng Lei, Wooseob Kim, Huibin Lv, Zongjun Mou, Michael J. Scherm, Aaron J. Schmitz, Jackson S. Turner, Timothy J. C. Tan, Yiquan Wang, Wenhao O. Ouyang, Weiwen Liang, Joel Rivera-Cardona, Chuyun Teo, Claire S. Graham, Christopher B. Brooke, Rachel M. Presti, Chris K. P. Mok, Florian Krammer, Xinghong Dai, Ali H. Ellebedy, Nicholas C. Wu
Summary: There is growing recognition of neuraminidase (NA) as a target for influenza vaccines, but its antigenicity is still poorly understood. In this study, we isolated three broadly reactive N2 antibodies from a single vaccine recipient, one of which cross-reacts with NAs from seasonal H3N2 strains spanning five decades. These antibodies confer prophylactic and therapeutic protection in vivo through both Fc effector functions and NA inhibition. Furthermore, the contribution of Fc effector functions to in vivo protection inversely correlates with viral growth inhibition activity in vitro.
Article
Immunology
Kelly A. S. da Costa, Joanne Marie M. Del Rosario, Matteo Ferrari, Sneha Vishwanath, Benedikt Asbach, Rebecca Kinsley, Ralf Wagner, Jonathan L. Heeney, George W. Carnell, Nigel J. Temperton
Summary: By using NA pseudoviruses and developing the pELLA assay, we successfully measured neuraminidase inhibition levels in different influenza sera and found that pELLA is more sensitive than the commercially available NA-Fluor(TM). These studies may lead to the design of more potent, longer-lasting, and broader protective vaccines that can be used in a pre-pandemic approach in combination with HA vaccines.
Article
Virology
Hae-Ji Kang, Ki-Back Chu, Keon-Woong Yoon, Gi-Deok Eom, Jie Mao, Min-Ju Kim, Su-Hwa Lee, Eun-Kyung Moon, Fu-Shi Quan
Summary: Research suggests that avian influenza VLP vaccines expressing multiple neuraminidases can provide both homologous and heterosubtypic protection against different subtypes, offering a promising approach for developing a universal influenza A vaccine against avian and human influenza virus infections.
Article
Virology
Ericka Kirkpatrick Roubidoux, Kaori Sano, Meagan McMahon, Juan Manuel Carreno, Christina Capuano, Kaijun Jiang, Viviana Simon, Harm van Bakel, Patrick Wilson, Florian Krammer
Summary: This study identified novel epitopes of influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) antibodies, which is crucial for improving the design of influenza virus vaccines. Additionally, it characterized escape mutations in these epitopes, assisting in the identification of NA antigenic drift in circulating viruses.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Randall Toy, M. Cole Keenum, Pallab Pradhan, Katelynn Phang, Patrick Chen, Chinwendu Chukwu, Lily Anh H. Nguyen, Jiaying Liu, Sambhav Jain, Gabrielle Kozlowski, Justin Hosten, Mehul S. Suthar, Krishnendu Roy
Summary: The study suggests that simultaneous engagement of small molecule adjuvant R848 and RNA adjuvant PUUC can induce robust cellular immune responses in both mice and human cells, enhancing the effectiveness of flu vaccines.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Lena Hansen, Meagan McMahon, Hannah L. Turner, Xueyong Zhu, Jackson S. Turner, Gabriel Ozorowski, Daniel Stadlbauer, Juha Vahokoski, Aaron J. Schmitz, Amena A. Rizk, Wafaa B. Alsoussi, Shirin Strohmeier, Wenli Yu, Jose Alberto Choreno-Parra, Luis Jimenez-Alvarez, Alfredo Cruz-Lagunas, Joaquin Zuniga, Philip A. Mudd, Rebecca J. Cox, Ian A. Wilson, Andrew B. Ward, Ali H. Ellebedy, Florian Krammer
Summary: Human monoclonal antibodies targeting NA exhibited broad reactivity and provided robust protection against H1N1 and H5N1 viruses in mice, reaffirming the importance of NA as a target for future broadly protective or universal influenza virus vaccines.
Article
Microbiology
Irina Alymova, John F. Cipollo, Lisa M. Parsons, Nedzad Music, Ram P. Kamal, Wen-Pin Tzeng, Cynthia S. Goldsmith, Joseph N. Contessa, Kevan L. Hartshorn, Jason R. Wilson, Hui Zeng, Shane Gansebom, Ian A. York
Summary: Individuals with metabolic dysregulation of cellular glycosylation often experience severe influenza disease, with reduced immune response and vaccine efficacy. Our study reveals that imbalanced glycosylation can modify the viral glycome without genomic changes, leading to reduced host immune responses and vaccine efficacy.
Review
Immunology
Madhusudan Rajendran, Florian Krammer, Meagan McMahon
Summary: NA vaccines help reduce disease severity and play a role in preventing viral spread and decreasing viral lung titers. Therefore, incorporating immunogenic forms of NA may become a crucial component of future influenza vaccines.
Article
Microbiology
Masayuki Kuraoka, Nicholas C. Curtis, Akiko Watanabe, Hidetaka Tanno, Seungmin Shin, Kevin Ye, Elizabeth Macdonald, Olivia Lavidor, Susan Kong, Tarra Von Holle, Ian Windsor, Gregory C. Ippolito, George Georgiou, Emmanuel B. Walter, Garnett Kelsoe, Stephen C. Harrison, M. Anthony Moody, Goran Bajic, Jiwon Lee
Summary: Influenza virus is constantly evolving, and the immune system responds by changing antibody responses; early exposure to the virus influences later immune responses; influenza vaccination may provide a more diverse immune imprint for infants compared to a single virus infection.
Article
Virology
Amanda L. L. Skarlupka, Xiaojian Zhang, Uriel Blas-Machado, Spencer F. F. Sumner, Ted M. M. Ross
Summary: COBRA vaccine provides protection against H1N1 and H5N1 infections, generating neutralizing ELLA antibodies, reducing viral titers and clinical symptoms, and minimizing weight loss and mortality.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Beryl Mazel-Sanchez, Justyna Iwaszkiewicz, Joao P. P. Bonifacio, Filo Silva, Chengyue Niu, Shirin Strohmeier, Davide Eletto, Florian Krammer, Gene Tan, Vincent Zoete, Benjamin G. Hale, Mirco Schmolke
Summary: The excessive production of viral glycoproteins during infections can put a significant stress on the host cell's endoplasmic reticulum protein folding machinery. However, viruses have developed mechanisms to optimize this stress for their own replication by balancing folding capacity.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Virology
David E. Hufnagel, Katharine M. Young, Zebulun W. Arendsee, L. Claire Gay, C. Joaquin Caceres, Daniela S. Rajao, Daniel R. Perez, Amy L. Vincent Baker, Tavis K. Anderson
Summary: Following the 1918 pandemic, H1N1 swine influenza became endemic in North American swine. Reassortment between introductions and the endemic classical swine lineage, along with human-to-swine transmission events and spillover of H1 viruses from wild birds, resulted in a rapid increase in genomic diversity. Through phylogenetic analysis, antigenic drift assessment, and identification of reassortment events, this study provides insights into the evolution and circulation of N1 genes in North American swine.
Article
Immunology
Shirin Strohmeier, Juan Manuel Carreno, Ruhi Nichalle Brito, Florian Krammer
Summary: In this study, cysteines were introduced at different positions in the hypervariable stalk domain of the neuraminidase (NA) to produce more stable multimeric forms of the protein. The stable N1 dimers induced a strong antibody response with neuraminidase inhibiting activity and protected mice from a high dose viral challenge, demonstrating the feasibility of enhancing the stability and immunogenicity of NA-based recombinant antigens through stalk modifications.
Article
Physiology
Mahmoud T. T. Elzayat, Melissa M. M. Markofski, RichardJ J. Simpson, Mitzi Laughlin, Emily C. C. LaVoy
Summary: The study found that acute arm eccentric exercise did not influence antibody titers or cell mediated immune responses to the influenza vaccine delivered post-exercise in older adults. More strenuous exercise may be required for exercise to act as an adjuvant.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
E. R. Job, M. Schotsaert, L. I. Ibanez, A. Smet, T. Ysenbaert, K. Roose, M. Dai, C. A. M. de Haan, H. Kleanthous, T. U. Vogel, X. Saelens
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2018)
Article
Immunology
D. G. Eliasson, A. Omokanye, K. Schon, U. A. Wenzel, V. Bernasconi, M. Bemark, A. Kolpe, K. El Bakkouri, T. Ysenbaert, L. Deng, W. Fiers, X. Saelens, N. Lycke
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Lutz Nuhn, Lien Van Hoecke, Kim Deswarte, Bert Schepens, Yupeng Li, Bart N. Lambrecht, Stefaan De Koker, Sunil A. David, Xavier Saelens, Bruno G. De Geest
Review
Immunology
Bert Schepens, Dorien De Vlieger, Xavier Saelens
CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lien Van Hoecke, Sandra Van Lint, Kenny Roose, Alexander Van Parys, Peter Vandenabeele, Johan Grooten, Jan Tavernier, Stefaan De Koker, Xavier Saelens
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Florencia Linero, Claudia Sepulveda, Ioanna Christopoulou, Paco Hulpiau, Luis Scolaro, Xavier Saelens
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2018)
Review
Virology
Marlies Ballegeer, Xavier Saelens
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eline Soetens, Marlies Ballegeer, Xavier Saelens
Article
Virology
Nidhi Mittal, Nayanika Sengupta, Sameer Kumar Malladi, Poorvi Reddy, Madhuraj Bhat, Raju S. Rajmani, Koen Sedeyn, Xavier Saelens, Somnath Dutta, Raghavan Varadarajan
Summary: Research indicates that the genetic fusions of H1-H3 hemagglutinin ectodomains can enhance influenza vaccine efficacy while reducing manufacturing complexity and cost. These fusion immunogens induce H1 and H3-specific immune responses and offer protection. Mice immunized with these fusions show higher neutralizing antibody titers against challenging H1N1 and H3N2 viruses.
Review
Virology
Tessa Van Royen, Iebe Rossey, Koen Sedeyn, Bert Schepens, Xavier Saelens
Summary: RSV infection inhibits host's innate immune response through multiple proteins, including suppression of interferon production and signaling, reduction of immune cell recruitment and cytokine production, and negative effects on mitochondrial proteins.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bram van den Eeckhout, Marlies Ballegeer, Jozefien De Clercq, Elianne Burg, Xavier Saelens, Linos Vandekerckhove, Sarah Gerlo
Summary: IL-1R plays an important role in CD8 T cells by regulating cell proliferation and acquisition of an effector phenotype, and its absence can impair antiviral effector and tissue-resident CD8 T cell responses. Therefore, exploiting IL-1 activity may be a potential approach in T cell vaccination strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura A. E. Van Poelvoorde, Francois E. Dufrasne, Steven Van Gucht, Xavier Saelens, Nancy H. C. Roosens
Summary: Monitoring antiviral-resistant influenza virus strains is crucial for public health due to the use of antivirals for treatment. The E119V-NA mutation in seasonal H3N2 influenza virus is associated with oseltamivir resistance. Traditional neuraminidase inhibition assay has limited sensitivity, so PCR-based genotypic assays are used to identify the prevalence of such mutant influenza viruses. In this study, a reverse transcriptase droplet digital PCR assay (RT-ddPCR) was developed to detect and quantify the E119V-NA mutation.
CURRENT ISSUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Dorien De Vlieger, Marlies Ballegeer, Iebe Rossey, Bert Schepens, Xavier Saelens
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Simon Van Herck, Lien Van Hoecke, Benoit Louage, Lien Lybaert, Ruben De Coen, Sabah Kasmi, Aaron P. Esser-Kahn, Sunil A. David, Lutz Nuhn, Bert Schepens, Xavier Saelens, Bruno G. De Geest
BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY
(2018)