Review
Virology
Joe McKellar, Antoine Rebendenne, Melanie Wencker, Olivier Moncorge, Caroline Goujon
Summary: Host cells have developed a multi-modular system to detect and combat influenza viruses, including interferon response and intrinsic immunity. These mechanisms activate a wide array of antiviral effectors that inhibit virus replication at various stages, providing important insights for the development of new influenza treatments.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Finny S. Varghese, Febrina Meutiawati, Mona Teppor, Sofie Jacobs, Carolien de Keyzer, Ezgi Taskopru, Esther van Woudenbergh, Gijs J. Overheul, Ellen Bouma, Jolanda M. Smit, Leen Delang, Andres Merits, Ronald P. van Rij
Summary: Drug repurposing is a promising strategy for identifying therapeutic interventions against novel and re-emerging viruses. This study found that posaconazole inhibits replication of multiple alphaviruses, broadening the spectrum of viruses that can be targeted by this drug.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Minjin Kim, Yucheol Cheong, Jinhee Lee, Jongkwan Lim, Sanguine Byun, Yo Han Jang, Baik Lin Seong
Summary: This study demonstrated that caspase-triggered live attenuated influenza vaccine induced broad reactive antibody response and provided heterosubtypic protection against diverse influenza viruses in mice model. The protection relied on non-neutralizing antibodies-mediated ADCC activities and robust mucosal secretion of sIgA, which highlight the potential of this vaccine as a promising option for developing a universal influenza vaccine.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Ran Jia, Congwei Jiang, Long Li, Chenxu Huang, Lijuan Lu, Menghua Xu, Jin Xu, Xiaozhen Liang
Summary: Research shows that IL16 plays a supporting role in IAV infection by promoting virus replication, and loss of IL16 can reduce host susceptibility to IAV, thereby alleviating the damage caused by infection to the host.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Gang Lu, Jiajun Ou, Siqi Cai, Zhiying Lai, Lintao Zhong, Xin Yin, Shoujun Li
Summary: Canine influenza virus (CIV) is a newly emerging virus that poses significant risks to the canine population and public health. Studies have shown that canine interferon-inducible transmembrane (IFITM) genes may play a role in restricting viral replication. Research on five annotated canine IFITM genes revealed their potential antiviral activity against influenza virus infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Raegan M. Skelton, Victor C. Huber
Summary: This article reviews the known information about the host-pathogen interactions that limit the disease caused by influenza D virus (IDV). It focuses on the early immune interactions between the virus and infected host cells in IDV pathogenesis. This work establishes a foundation for further research on IDV infection and immunity in mammalian hosts.
Article
Virology
Qingsen Wang, Wenliang Pan, Song Wang, Chen Pan, Hongya Ning, Shile Huang, Shih-Hsin Chiu, Ji-Long Chen
Summary: The study demonstrates that influenza A virus (IAV) suppresses antiviral innate immunity by activating EGFR/ERK signaling and induces activation of protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2, which modulates EGFR-mediated ERK activity and antiviral effectiveness. SHP2 acts as a key signal transducer between EGFR and ERK during IAV infection, playing a crucial role in suppressing host innate immunity.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kazi Rahman, Siddhartha A. K. Datta, Andrew H. Beaven, Abigail A. Jolley, Alexander J. Sodt, Alex A. Compton
Summary: The study reveals that the interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) directly interacts with cholesterol, which may play a crucial role in inhibiting virus-cell membrane fusion. This finding could facilitate the design of therapeutic peptides for broad-spectrum antiviral therapy.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wenting Ke, Yanrong Zhou, Yinan Lai, Siwen Long, Liurong Fang, Shaobo Xiao
Summary: Cellular cholesterol synthesis is regulated by PRRSV to suppress the host's antiviral innate immune response. The viral protein nsp4 plays a significant role in this mechanism.
Review
Virology
Bozena Omasta, Jana Tomaskova
Summary: Through millions of years of co-evolution with their hosts, viruses have developed mechanisms to evade cellular defenses and use cellular pathways for replication. Lipids play a crucial role in viral replication, as viruses interact with and manipulate cellular membranes and lipid metabolism to create an optimal replication environment.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kara D. Wyatt, Demba Sarr, Kaori Sakamoto, Wendy T. Watford
Summary: Tpl2 plays a basal regulatory role in the antiviral response in lung epithelial cells during influenza A virus infection, but does not have a significant impact on host cytokine production or lung pathology.
Article
Microbiology
Irina Alymova, John F. Cipollo, Lisa M. Parsons, Nedzad Music, Ram P. Kamal, Wen-Pin Tzeng, Cynthia S. Goldsmith, Joseph N. Contessa, Kevan L. Hartshorn, Jason R. Wilson, Hui Zeng, Shane Gansebom, Ian A. York
Summary: Individuals with metabolic dysregulation of cellular glycosylation often experience severe influenza disease, with reduced immune response and vaccine efficacy. Our study reveals that imbalanced glycosylation can modify the viral glycome without genomic changes, leading to reduced host immune responses and vaccine efficacy.
Article
Cell Biology
Taylor A. Cootes, Nayan D. Bhattacharyya, Susie S. Y. Huang, Lina Daniel, Kim S. Bell-Anderson, Sebastian A. Stifter, Tracy Chew, Samantha M. Solon-Biet, Luis R. Saraiva, Yi Cai, Xinchun Chen, Stephen J. Simpson, Carl G. Feng
Summary: Modulation of individual macronutrients or caloric density can regulate host resistance to infection. This study found that diet composition, independent of macronutrient and energy content, can also affect infection susceptibility, with highly processed food potentially impairing host defense.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Beryl Mazel-Sanchez, Justyna Iwaszkiewicz, Joao P. P. Bonifacio, Filo Silva, Chengyue Niu, Shirin Strohmeier, Davide Eletto, Florian Krammer, Gene Tan, Vincent Zoete, Benjamin G. Hale, Mirco Schmolke
Summary: The excessive production of viral glycoproteins during infections can put a significant stress on the host cell's endoplasmic reticulum protein folding machinery. However, viruses have developed mechanisms to optimize this stress for their own replication by balancing folding capacity.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Julien A. R. Amat, Veronica Patton, Caroline Chauche, Daniel M. Goldfarb, Joanna Crispell, Quan Gu, Alice Coburn, Gaelle Gonzalez, Daniel F. Mair, Lily Tong, Luis R. Martinez-Sobrido, John Marshall, Francesco Marchesi, Pablo Murcia
Summary: Viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens, and their adaptability is crucial for replication and spread within hosts. Long-term virus adaptation can impact virulence and replication capacity. Studies show that H3N8 equine influenza virus (EIV) evolved towards enhanced replication and cell-to-cell spread after 40 years of adaptation, with reduced tissue pathogenicity.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Christian Boeing, Christian Sandten, Eike R. Hrincius, Darisuren Anhlan, Andreas Dworog, Stephanie Hanning, Thilo Kuennemann, Christopher Niehues, Thomas Schupp, Edyta Stec, Julius Thume, Daniel Triphaus, Markus Wilkens, Holger Uphoff, Josef Zuendorf, Anja Jacobshagen, Martin Kreyenschmidt, Stephan Ludwig, Hans-Christoph Mertins, Alexander Mellmann
Summary: This study aimed to develop a simple, inexpensive, and ecological method for decontamination of disposable FFPs while preserving filtration efficiency and material integrity. The results showed that immersion in a 6% acetic acid and 6% hydrogen peroxide solution for 30 minutes completely eliminated contaminants without compromising the performance of FFPs.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Viktor Wixler, Igor Z. Zaytsev, Rafael Leite Dantas, Tanja Schied, Yvonne Boergeling, Veronika Luehrmann, Georg Varga, Doerthe Masemann, Stephan Ludwig
Summary: The restoration of immune tolerance is crucial in treating autoimmune diseases. Small splenic peptides (SSPs) have been found to convert dendritic cells (DCs) into tolerogenic cells, leading to the differentiation of naive CD4+ cells into Foxp3-expressing T regulatory cells (Tregs), and effectively suppressing the development of psoriatic arthritis.
Article
Immunology
Yeonsu Kim, Xiaoyan Zheng, Kathrin Eschke, M. Zeeshan Chaudhry, Federico Bertoglio, Adriana Tomic, Astrid Krmpotic, Markus Hoffmann, Yotam Bar-On, Julia Boehme, Dunja Bruder, Thomas Ebensen, Linda Brunotte, Stephan Ludwig, Martin Messerle, Carlos Guzman, Ofer Mandelboim, Michael Hust, Stefan Poehlmann, Stipan Jonjic, Luka Cicin-Sain
Summary: CMV vectors induce long-term cellular immunity and long-term immune protection against clinically relevant respiratory pathogens.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andre Schreiber, Dorothee Viemann, Jennifer Schoening, Sebastian Schloer, Angeles Mecate Zambrano, Linda Brunotte, Aileen Faist, Michael Schoefbaenker, Eike Hrincius, Helen Hoffmann, Markus Hoffmann, Stefan Poehlmann, Ursula Rescher, Oliver Planz, Stephan Ludwig
Summary: The Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway may represent a target for therapeutic intervention against SARS-CoV-2 infections, and ATR-002 shows promising potential as a candidate drug with strong antiviral activity and the ability to prevent COVID-19-associated inflammation.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Virology
M. Zeeshan Chaudhry, Kathrin Eschke, Markus Hoffmann, Martina Grashoff, Leila Abassi, Yeonsu Kim, Linda Brunotte, Stephan Ludwig, Andrea Kroeger, Frank Klawonn, Stefan H. Poehlmann, Luka Cicin-Sain
Summary: The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants with spike mutations highlights the potential for adaptation and evolution of the coronavirus, despite the stable consensus genotype of clinical isolates.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jonas Schuhenn, Toni Luise Meister, Daniel Todt, Thilo Bracht, Karin Schork, Jean-Noel Billaud, Carina Elsner, Natalie Heinen, Zehra Karakoese, Sibylle Haid, Sriram Kumar, Linda Brunotte, Martin Eisenacher, Yunyun Di, Jocelyne Lew, Darryl Falzarano, Jieliang Chen, Zhenghong Yuan, Thomas Pietschmann, Bettina Wiegmann, Hendrik Uebner, Christian Taube, Vu Thuy Khanh Le-Trilling, Mirko Trilling, Adalbert Krawczyk, Stephan Ludwig, Barbara Sitek, Eike Steinmann, Ulf Dittmer, Kerry J. Lavender, Kathrin Sutter, Stephanie Pfaender
Summary: This study found that different subtypes of IFN-alpha have varying antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, with IFN-alpha 5 showing the highest efficacy. Combination treatment with the broad antiviral drug remdesivir enhanced the antiviral effect. These findings are important for understanding the mechanism of IFN-I-mediated antiviral response and developing treatments for COVID-19.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Yotam Menuchin-Lasowski, Andre Schreiber, Aaron Lecanda, Angeles Mecate-Zambrano, Linda Brunotte, Olympia E. Psathaki, Stephan Ludwig, Thomas Rauen, Hans R. Schoeler
Summary: Several studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 can infect and replicate in retinal cells, inducing inflammatory responses and relying on ACE2 for infection. Therefore, it is important to monitor the potential effects of COVID-19 on the retina.
Article
Respiratory System
Katja Hoenzke, Benedikt Obermayer, Christin Mache, Diana Fathykova, Mirjana Kessler, Simon Doekel, Emanuel Wyler, Morris Baumgardt, Anna Loewa, Karen Hoffmann, Patrick Graff, Jessica Schulze, Maren Mieth, Katharina Hellwig, Zeynep Demir, Barbara Biere, Linda Brunotte, Angeles Mecate-Zambrano, Judith Bushe, Melanie Dohmen, Christian Hinze, Sefer Elezkurtaj, Mario Toennies, Torsten T. Bauer, Stephan Eggeling, Hong-Linh Tran, Paul Schneider, Jens Neudecker, Jens C. Rueckert, Kai M. Schmidt-Ott, Jonas Busch, Frederick Klauschen, David Horst, Helena Radbruch, Josefine Radke, Frank Heppner, Victor M. Corman, Daniela Niemeyer, Marcel A. Mueller, Christine Goffinet, Ronja Mothes, Anna Pascual-Reguant, Anja Erika Hauser, Dieter Beule, Markus Landthaler, Stephan Ludwig, Norbert Suttorp, Martin Witzenrath, Achim D. Gruber, Christian Drosten, Leif-Erik Sander, Thorsten Wolff, Stefan Hippenstiel, Andreas C. Hocke
Summary: This study reveals that severe lung injury in COVID-19 may result from macrophage-triggered immune activation rather than direct viral damage to the alveolar compartment.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Aileen Faist, Josua Janowski, Sriram Kumar, Saskia Hinse, Duygu Merve Caliskan, Julius Lange, Stephan Ludwig, Linda Brunotte
Summary: Respiratory infections with newly emerging zoonotic viruses can cause severe disease and high mortality by perturbing the human immune responses. This review discusses the similarities and differences between SARS-CoV-2 and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in terms of immune induction, disease dynamics, and long-term sequelae. It also highlights important lessons about the effectiveness of antiviral and immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies learned from this pandemic.
Article
Immunology
Sebastian Schloer, Daniel Treuherz, Aileen Faist, Marlous de Witt, Katharina Wunderlich, Rainer Wiewrodt, Karsten Wiebe, Peter Barth, Joo-Hee Waelzlein, Susann Kummer, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Stephan Ludwig, Linda Brunotte, Ursula Rescher
Summary: In order to study the viral life cycle, describe the pathophysiological consequences of viral infection, and explore possible drug targets and treatment options, it is necessary to establish physiologically relevant models. This study established a murine lung tissue explant platform for studying influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2. The platform demonstrated efficient viral replication, release of inflammatory cytokines, and induction of antiviral interferon response.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Andre Schreiber, Benjamin Ambrosy, Oliver Planz, Sebastian Schloer, Ursula Rescher, Stephan Ludwig
Summary: In this study, researchers found that the MEK1/2 inhibitor ATR-002 can synergistically enhance the effect of direct-acting antivirals against SARS-CoV-2, reducing the effective concentrations of the drugs and minimizing side effects.
Article
Virology
Stephan Ludwig, Stephan Pleschka, Oliver Planz
Summary: Acute hyperinflammatory virus infections, such as influenza or coronavirus disease-19, are still a major health burden worldwide. Direct-acting antivirals may induce viral resistance, while a host-targeted strategy using inhibitors of the cellular Raf/MEK/ERK kinase cascade shows potential in blocking virus replication and suppressing cytokine response. The MEK inhibitor Zapnometinib has shown evidence of clinical benefit in a phase-II clinical trial.
CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Veronica A. Ferrando, Marcel E. Friedrich, Shrey Gandhi, Alexander Mellmann, Doerthe Masemann, Anmari Christersson, Darisuren Anhlan, Linda Brunotte, Monika Stoll, Timm Harder, Martin Beer, Yvonne Boergeling, Stephan Ludwig
Summary: Influenza A viruses, including the H1N1pdm09 virus, cause recurrent epidemics and occasional pandemics in humans. The reassortment of these viruses in swine and their ability to replicate in human lung tissue suggest a possible zoonotic potential. Reassortment frequently occurs in the PB1, PA, and NA segments, resulting in the generation of reassortants that can reach high titers in swine lung cells.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Matthias Rohrbeck, Verena Hoerr, Ilaria Piccini, Boris Greber, Jan Sebastian Schulte, Sara-Sophie Huebner, Elena Jeworutzki, Carsten Theiss, Veronika Matschke, Joerg Stypmann, Andreas Unger, Huyen Tran Ho, Paul Disse, Nathalie Strutz-Seebohm, Cornelius Faber, Frank Ulrich Mueller, Stephan Ludwig, Ursula Rescher, Wolfgang A. A. Linke, Karin Klingel, Karin Busch, Stefan Peischard, Guiscard Seebohm
Summary: Using a transgenic mouse strain (TG) containing a CVB3 Delta VP0 genome, we have revealed virus-mediated cardiac pathophysiological processes in vivo and in vitro. Transgenic mice showed significant alterations in cardiac function, pathologic ECG alterations, calcium homeostasis, intracellular organization, and gene expression. The results also suggest that mitochondrial impairment may contribute to cardiac contractile dysfunction.