Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Inesa Navasardyan, Stephanie Yeganyan, Helena Nguyen, Payal Vaghashia, Selvakumar Subbian, Vishwanath Venketaraman
Summary: Tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) occurs when Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria invade the meninges, leading to inflammation. Oxidative stress, caused by reactive oxygen species, plays a significant role in TBM by impairing the body's defense mechanisms. Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases susceptibility to TBM due to heightened oxidative stress. This review summarizes the role of oxidative stress in TBM and DM, and discusses potential therapeutic approaches.
Review
Immunology
Rafael I. Jaen, Sergio Sanchez-Garcia, Maria Fernandez-Velasco, Lisardo Bosca, Patricia Prieto
Summary: Inflammation is a physiological response to injury, but excessive inflammation can lead to chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) such as lipoxins are considered to have therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases. Increasing endogenously generated lipoxins may emerge as a new therapeutic approach for preventing and treating many diseases associated with an increased inflammatory response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Holly Clarke, Robert C. Hickner, Michael J. Ormsbee
Summary: Creatine plays a pivotal role in cellular energy provision and energy shuttling, and has demonstrated potential benefits in various pathologies. It also exhibits non-energy related properties, contributing as an antioxidant and eliciting anti-inflammatory effects. Further research is needed to explore the potential effects of creatine supplementation on cardiovascular disease.
Review
Immunology
Sen Yang, Jing Ouyang, Yanqiu Lu, Vijay Harypursat, Yaokai Chen
Summary: Iron metabolism is essential for the survival of humans and microorganisms, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays a significant role in this process. Recent studies have shown that HO-1 has a dual role in tuberculosis, acting as both a cytoprotective molecule and potentially facilitating the survival and dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This understanding of the interplay between HO-1, tuberculosis, and the host is crucial for the development of potential strategies to modulate HO-1 and iron metabolism.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Manuel Ruiss, Oliver Findl, Martin Kronschlaeger
Summary: Cataract is a leading cause of blindness globally, and surgery is currently the only treatment option. However, complications and limited access to ophthalmic care may arise. With a growing and aging population, there will be an increase in cataract prevalence, presenting a challenge to society. As oxidative stress is a major pathological process in cataract formation, antioxidant supplementation may be a strategy to delay or prevent its progression. Caffeine, a widely consumed antioxidant, shows potential for preventing cataract.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Gunapati Bhargavi, Amit Kumar Singh, Anbarasu Deenadayalan, Chinnaiyan Ponnuraja, Shripad A. Patil, Kannan Palaniyandi
Summary: This study investigates the stress response and virulence of M. tuberculosis, and reports the functional characterization of an alkylhydroperoxidase family member, Rv2159c. The study reveals that Rv2159c plays a significant role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, reducing oxidative stress, and countering toxic metals.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Litwiniuk, Grzegorz Roman Juszczak, Adrian Mateusz Stankiewicz, Kaja Urbanska
Summary: Although the mechanism underlying the development of Alzheimer's disease is still not fully understood, impaired autophagy in glial cells is believed to play a role. Dysfunction in autophagy leads to accumulation of abnormal proteins, activation of microglia and astrocytes, and ultimately death of neurons. Pharmacological activation of autophagy can rescue these pathologic effects, highlighting the potential for new therapeutic strategies. However, further research is needed to understand the regulation of autophagy in different types of neuroglia.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Laura Garcia-Martinez, Ana Lain Fernandez, Ignacio Iglesias-Serrano, Carles Gine Prades, Antoni Soriano-Arandes, Manuel Lopez
Summary: This study retrospectively reviewed pediatric patients diagnosed with EBTB from 2014 to 2020. The bronchoscopic findings included granuloma, stenosis, caseum obstruction, and external compression. In selected cases, interventional bronchoscopy was found to be helpful in reducing long-term bronchopulmonary complications.
PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Naveen Thakur, Amar Nath Sharma, Mangesh Dattu Hade, Ajay Chhaya, Ashwani Kumar, Ravinder Singh Jolly, Kanak L. Dikshit
Summary: This study reveals that Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces an unconventional flavohemoglobin (MtbFHb) that can change its conformation and reduce mycothiol disulfide in the presence of D-lactate, protecting the cell from oxidative damage. Overexpression of MtbFHb in M. smegmatis significantly reduces lipid peroxidation and enhances cell survival under oxidative stress.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara Solveig Fois, Sara Canu, Alessandro Giuseppe Fois
Summary: Sarcoidosis is a rare systemic inflammatory disease with limited scientific knowledge on its molecular pathways. Oxidative stress has been identified as a key factor in its pathogenesis, involving various enzymes and molecules. Antioxidative therapy may play a role in the management of sarcoidosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohamed Bekhite, Andres Gonzalez-Delgado, Sascha Huebner, Pellumb Haxhikadrija, Tom Kretzschmar, Tina Mueller, Jasmine M. F. Wu, Tarek Bekfani, Marcus Franz, Maria Wartenberg, Markus Graeler, Boris Greber, P. Christian Schulze
Summary: Ceramide accumulation in cardiomyocytes contributes to insulin resistance, oxidative stress, increased auto/mitophagy, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the setting of lipotoxic cardiomyopathy, highlighting the importance of targeting the de novo ceramide synthesis pathway as a potential therapeutic strategy.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiang Gao, Tao Zheng, Xiaolong Yuan, Yibei Dong, Chang Liu
Summary: This study found that the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) of cyanobacteria has scavenging capability against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and can improve the tolerance of other cyanobacteria to H2O2 stress. It suggests that EPS plays a crucial role against oxidative stress and provides a useful reference for the application of H2O2 in environmental management.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Matthew Batty, Martin R. Bennett, Emma Yu
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases globally, and excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to oxidative stress is a major risk factor for its development and progression. While ROS are important for maintaining vascular health, they can also activate pro-atherogenic processes. Enzymatic sources of vascular ROS include NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidase, etc., and antioxidant systems play a role in balancing ROS production. Changes in ROS sources and antioxidants have been observed in human atherosclerosis, and animal models have provided mechanistic insight. However, clinical trials have not yet demonstrated atheroprotective effects of antioxidant molecules.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael Aschner, Thuy T. Nguyen, Anton I. Sinitskii, Abel Santamaria, Julia Bornhorst, Olga P. Ajsuvakova, Joao Batista Texeira da Rocha, Anatoly V. Skalny, Alexey A. Tinkov
Summary: The study reviews the biological effects of isoLG and isoLG adducts in various diseases, suggesting their potential as targets for the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zoya T. Anderson, Alex D. Dawson, Andrzej T. Slominski, Melissa L. Harris
Summary: Neuropeptide Y plays an important role in skin diseases and stress. Inflammatory skin diseases have a negative impact on quality of life, and there is a need for further research on potential treatments.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Yinghan Chan, Venkata Sita Rama Raju Allam, Keshav Raj Paudel, Sachin K. Singh, Monica Gulati, Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran, Piyush Kumar Gupta, Niraj Kumar Jha, Hari Prasad Devkota, Gaurav Gupta, Philip M. Hansbro, Brian Gregory George Oliver, Dinesh Kumar Chellappan, Kamal Dua
Summary: Nutraceuticals, such as probiotics, vitamins, and phytochemicals, have been found to modulate the pathological mechanisms of inflammatory respiratory diseases, leading to improved therapeutic outcomes and overall health.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Grace E. Cooper, Jemma Mayall, Chantal Donovan, Tatt J. Haw, Kurtis F. Budden, Nicole G. Hansbro, Evy E. Blomme, Tania Maes, Chia Wei Kong, Jay C. Horvat, Salim Khakoo, Tom M. A. Wilkinson, Philip M. Hansbro, Karl J. Staples
Summary: This study investigates the phenotype and antiviral responses of tissue-resident natural killer (trNK) cells in murine chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and human COPD lung tissue. The results show that CD49a(+) NK cells in the lung have a distinct phenotype compared to circulating NK cells and their proportions increase with worsening disease. The study suggests that trNK cell function is altered in cigarette smoke-induced disease and may contribute to excessive inflammation during viral exacerbations of COPD.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kurtis F. Budden, Shaan L. Gellatly, Annalicia Vaughan, Nadia Amorim, Jay C. Horvat, Nicole G. Hansbro, David L. A. Wood, Philip Hugenholtz, Paul G. Dennis, Peter A. B. Wark, Philip M. Hansbro
Summary: In this study, it was found that regardless of its acetate-producing capacity, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum alleviated cigarette smoke-induced inflammation, reduced inflammatory cytokine expression and adhesion factor expression, and improved the depletion of cecal butyrate levels.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vancha Harish, Waleed Hassan Almalki, Ahmed Alshehri, Abdulaziz Alzahrani, Madan Mohan Gupta, Sami I. Alzarea, Imran Kazmi, Monica Gulati, Devesh Tewari, Gaurav Gupta, Kamal Dua, Sachin Kumar Singh
Summary: The analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach is used to develop a simple, sensitive, and cost-effective reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for estimating xanthohumol (XH) in bulk and nanoformulations. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) is utilized for method optimization, and the optimized conditions result in predicted values of retention time, peak area, peak height, tailing factor, and theoretical plates. The validation of the method satisfies the requirements specified by ICH Q2(R1) recommendations, indicating that the developed and validated AQbD method can be applied for estimating XH in bulk and various nanoformulations.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Leander Corrie, Ankit Awasthi, Jaskiran Kaur, Sukriti Vishwas, Monica Gulati, Indu Pal Kaur, Gaurav Gupta, Nagavendra Kommineni, Kamal Dua, Sachin Kumar Singh
Summary: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a group of symptoms that increase the risk of various diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Currently, there are no effective and safe methods to treat all the pathological symptoms of PCOS. The gut microbiota plays an important role in the incidence and progression of PCOS. Many dietary plants, prebiotics, and probiotics have been reported to improve PCOS symptoms. This comprehensive review focuses on the use of polyphenols, probiotics, and fecal microbiota therapy to modify the gut microbiota and treat PCOS.
Editorial Material
Respiratory System
Philip Hansbro
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Romain Rouet, Jake Y. Henry, Matt D. Johansen, Meghna Sobti, Harikrishnan Balachandran, David B. Langley, Gregory J. Walker, Helen Lenthall, Jennifer Jackson, Stephanie Ubiparipovic, Ohan Mazigi, Peter Schofield, Deborah L. Burnett, Simon H. J. Brown, Marianne Martinello, Bernard Hudson, Nicole Gilroy, Jeffrey J. Post, Anthony Kelleher, Hans-Martin Jaeck, Christopher C. Goodnow, Stuart G. Turville, William D. Rawlinson, Rowena A. Bull, Alastair G. Stewart, Philip M. Hansbro, Daniel Christ
Summary: Rouet et al. developed a strategy to identify broadly neutralising antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain from convalescent patients. They discovered a new class 6 epitope and demonstrated that these antibodies can be isolated from the patients' peripheral blood. The identified antibodies effectively neutralise emerging variants of concern and outperform the clinical monoclonal antibody sotrovimab in potency. This research provides insights for the development of next generation monoclonal antibodies and vaccines.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gabriele De Rubis, Keshav Raj Paudel, Bikash Manandhar, Sachin Kumar Singh, Gaurav Gupta, Raniya Malik, Jessie Shen, Aniss Chami, Ronan MacLoughlin, Dinesh Kumar Chellappan, Brian Gregory George Oliver, Philip Michael Hansbro, Kamal Dua
Summary: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an irreversible inflammatory respiratory disease caused by chronic cigarette smoke exposure. Traditional treatments focus on reducing symptoms, but fail to regulate oxidative stress and inflammation, resulting in lung damage. This study explores the potential of agarwood essential oil nanoemulsion (agarwood-NE) as a promising treatment option for COPD by demonstrating its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The findings show that agarwood-NE successfully counters the pro-inflammatory effects of cigarette smoke extract by reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inducing the expression of anti-inflammatory mediators and antioxidant genes.
Article
Cell Biology
Theodore S. Kapellos, Kevin Babler, Wataru Fujii, Christina Nalkurthi, Anna C. Schaar, Lorenzo Bonaguro, Tal Pecht, Izabela Galvao, Shobhit Agrawal, Adem Saglam, Erica Dudkin, Amit Frishberg, Elena de Domenico, Arik Horne, Chantal Donovan, Richard Y. Kim, David Gallego-Ortega, Tessa E. Gillett, Meshal Ansari, Jonas Schulte-Schrepping, Nina Offermann, Ignazio Antignano, Burcu Sivri, Wenying Lu, Mathew S. Eapen, Martina van Uelft, Collins Osei-Sarpong, Maarten van den Berge, Hylke C. Donker, Harry J. M. Groen, Sukhwinder S. Sohal, Johanna Klein, Tina Schreiber, Andreas Feisst, Ali Oender Yildirim, Herbert B. Schiller, Martijn C. Nawijn, Matthias Becker, Kristian Haendler, Marc Beyer, Melania Capasso, Thomas Ulas, Jan Hasenauer, Carmen Pizarro, Fabian J. Theis, Philip M. Hansbro, Dirk Skowasch, Joachim L. Schultze
Summary: Systemic inflammation is a characteristic feature of late-stage severe lung disease, while the molecular, functional, and phenotypic changes in peripheral immune cells in the early stages of the disease remain poorly understood. In this study, using single-cell analyses, the researchers found that blood neutrophils are already increased in early-stage COPD, and the changes in their molecular and functional states correlate with the decline of lung function. Further investigation using a murine cigarette smoke exposure model revealed similar molecular changes in blood neutrophils and precursor populations in the blood and lung. The findings suggest that systemic molecular alterations in neutrophils and their precursors are present in the early stages of COPD, and may serve as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for early diagnosis and patient stratification.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Vijay Kumar Panthi, Kamal Dua, Sachin Kumar Singh, Gaurav Gupta, Philip M. Hansbro, Keshav Raj Paudel
Summary: Cancer-related death is a global burden and conventional chemotherapy has limitations. Metronomic chemotherapy (MCT) is suggested as an alternative approach. Nanoformulations-based MCT has shown promising antitumor activity in preclinical and clinical settings. However, challenges and unanswered questions remain, and further research is necessary before implementing this treatment modality.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohammad Imran, Xuping Jin, Masood Ali, Pronalis Tapfumaneyi, Pauline Lelasseur, Laure Carlo, Axelle Jude, Alice Le Bourg, Bhavesh Panchal, Arianna Dick, Keshav Raj Paudel, Philip M. Hansbro, Yousuf Mohammed
Summary: In addition to respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 infection and lifestyle changes during quarantine can also cause various skin manifestations, including redness, COVID toes, hives or urticaria rash, water blisters, and patterned discoloration. These symptoms are related to skin type and vitamin D deficiency, and individuals with lighter skin have a higher chance of developing these manifestations. Extensive use of personal protective equipment and alcohol-based sanitizers can also lead to skin damage and irritation.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Swati Saini, Nisha Gulati, Rajendra Awasthi, Vimal Arora, Sachin Kumar Singh, Shobhit Kumar, Gaurav Gupta, Kamal Dua, Rakesh Pahwa, Harish Dureja
Summary: Breast cancer refers to the uncontrollable division and multiplication of breast cells. Symptoms include the formation of lumps, changes in breast texture or color, and nipple discharge. Local or systemic therapies, such as surgery and radiation, are commonly used. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have shown significant progress in treating breast cancer by destroying cancer cells, blocking immune inhibitors, and preventing the formation of new blood vessels. This review focuses on the therapeutic applications, characteristics, and safety aspects of mAbs in breast cancer treatment, highlighting the need for novel technologies utilizing modified antibodies.
CURRENT DRUG DELIVERY
(2023)
Letter
Biology
Mohamad Siddiq Bin Mohamad, Ruby-Jean Reyes, Gabriele De Rubis, Keshav Raj Paudel, Philip Michael Hansbro, Kamal Dua, Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
Article
Respiratory System
Xiaofan Tu, Henry M. Gomez, Richard Y. Kim, Alexandra C. Brown, Emma de Jong, Izabela Galvao, Alen Faiz, Anthony Bosco, Jay C. Horvat, Philip Hansbro, Chantal Donovan
Summary: Lung transcriptomics studies have provided valuable information in asthma research, but it is important to understand the individual contributions of the airway and parenchyma in disease development. This study used a house dust mite-induced asthma model to analyze the transcriptomics of the airway and parenchyma. The results identified several transcription factors that regulate gene expression in these compartments, and further investigation showed that inhibiting the lung SPI1 response had positive effects on key disease outcomes. This study highlights the importance of SPI1 in experimental asthma and suggests its potential as a target for treatment.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shvetank Bhatt, Kuttiappan Anitha, Dinesh Kumar Chellappan, Dhrubojyoti Mukherjee, Satish Shilpi, Ashish Suttee, Gaurav Gupta, Thakur Gurjeet Singh, Kamal Dua
Summary: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that can lead to economic burden and poor quality of life. Variations in genes, Cortico-Striato-Thalamo-Cortical (CSTC) circuit dysfunction, and synaptic conduction dysregulation are major factors in the pathological progression of OCD. Current therapies targeting neurotransmitters have limited efficacy, and inflammation may play a crucial role in OCD. Targeting inflammatory signaling pathways may be a suitable approach for treatment.
METABOLIC BRAIN DISEASE
(2023)