Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Casey S. Jacobsen, Prince Salvador, John F. Yung, Sabrina Kragness, Herra G. Mendoza, Gail Mandel, Peter A. Beal
Summary: Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) catalyze the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in duplex RNA, resulting in an effective A-to-G edit. ADAR editing can lead to recoding events and alterations in RNA function. One limitation of ADAR is its preference for editing adenosines with specific neighboring nucleotides, but new strategies and approaches are being developed to overcome this.
ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takashi Hosaka, Hiroshi Tsuji, Shin Kwak
Summary: A-to-I RNA editing is a critical post-transcriptional modification that can alter protein function and is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, particularly ALS. The dysregulation of RNA editing at the Q/R site of GluA2 and the downregulation of ADAR2 in motor neurons suggest potential therapeutic targets for ALS, including Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors. Gene therapy targeting RNA editing dysregulation has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for ALS and other neurological diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Takashi Hosaka, Hiroshi Tsuji, Shin Kwak
Summary: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable motor neuron disease caused by the death of upper and lower motor neurons. Age-dependent changes in RNA metabolism and dysregulation of RNA editing have been found to play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of ALS. Furthermore, circRNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ALS based on their age-related changes and involvement in neurodegeneration.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiarui Li, Tomoko Oonishi, Guangyao Fan, Matomo Sakari, Toshifumi Tsukahara
Summary: This study presents a strategy to enhance the editing efficiency of site-directed RNA editing (SDRE) system by redirecting exogenous ADARs to specific sites using antisense RNA oligonucleotides.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Loredana Frassinelli, Elisa Orecchini, Sofian Al-Wardat, Marco Tripodi, Carmine Mancone, Margherita Doria, Silvia Galardi, Silvia Anna Ciafre, Alessandro Michienzi
Summary: ADAR2 acts as a suppressor of L1 retrotransposition by inhibiting its activity, forming a complex with multiple non-ribosomal ADAR2-interacting factors.
Article
Hematology
Mingrui Guo, Tim Hon Man Chan, Qiling Zhou, Omer An, Ying Li, Yangyang Song, Zi Hui Tan, Vanessa Hui En Ng, Philomina Sona Peramangalam, Zhi Qing Tan, Xinang Cao, Eisaku Iwanaga, Masao Matsuoka, Melissa G. M. Ooi, Wei Ying Jen, Liang Piu Koh, Esther Chan, Lip Kun Tan, Yufen Goh, Wilson Wang, Bryan T. H. Koh, Chan Ming Chun, Melissa J. Fullwood, Wee Joo Chng, Motomi Osato, John Anto Pulikkan, Henry Yang, Leilei Chen, Daniel G. Tenen
Summary: Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) family of enzymes, especially ADAR2, play a role in multiple cancers. This study shows that ADAR2 is downregulated in certain types of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and suppresses leukemogenesis in AML cells with t(8;21) or inv(16) translocations, through its RNA editing function.
Review
Oncology
Di Lu, Jianxi Lu, Qiuli Liu, Qi Zhang
Summary: Stem cells play a critical role in organism development and tissue homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that RNA editing, mainly mediated by ADAR1, controls stem cell fate and function. ADAR1 is a multifunctional protein involved in embryonic development, cell differentiation, immune regulation, and gene editing technologies. This review summarizes the structure and function of ADAR1, with a focus on its role in stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Targeting ADAR1 has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for both normal and dysregulated stem cells.
BIOMARKER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Zhiwei Hu, Yannan Wang, Qian Liu, Yan Qiu, Zhiyu Zhong, Kangdi Li, Wenhua Li, Zixin Deng, Yuhui Sun
Summary: This study introduces a novel approach using bubble hairpin single guide RNAs (BH-sgRNAs) to significantly reduce off-target editing and improve the purity of on-target editing in base editors. This design represents a major improvement in the specificity of base editing tools.
Article
Ophthalmology
Enrico Bortoletto, Fabio Pieretti, Paola Brun, Paola Venier, Andrea Leonardi, Umberto Rosani
Summary: In this study, altered RNA editing in keratoconus (KC) was investigated. It was found that KC patients had significantly lower RNA editing levels, resulting in lower editing frequency and less edited bases. Differences in editing sites were observed in the chromosome 12 regions encoding Keratin type II cluster. Further investigation is needed to understand the functional implications.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Joshua J. C. Rosenthal, Eli Eisenberg
Summary: Coleoid cephalopods have the largest brains and exhibit the most complex behaviors among all invertebrates. The molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for these advancements are still poorly understood. Recent studies using deep-sequencing technologies have revealed an unusually large number of RNA editing sites in the neural transcripts of cephalopods, significantly more than any other taxon. This raises questions about the adaptive nature and noncanonical aspects of cephalopod RNA editing.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANIMAL BIOSCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Phaik Ju Teoh, Mun Yee Koh, Wee Joo Chng
Summary: Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing is the most prevalent type of RNA editing in humans, and aberrant ADAR-mediated-editing is a prominent feature in a variety of cancers. The functions of ADARs in hematological malignancies have been recently revealed, opening up possibilities for novel therapeutic approaches.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hideki Terajima, Mijia Lu, Linda Zhang, Qi Cui, Yanhong Shi, Jianrong Li, Chuan He
Summary: Research shows that m(6)A modification promotes ADAR1 expression, with YTHDF1 mediating the up-regulation of ADAR1. YTHDF1 deficiency affects IFN responses and virus replication in cells. These findings suggest a role for m(6)A and YTHDF1 in modulating innate immune responses through ADAR1-mediated A-to-I RNA editing.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Karoline E. Kokot, Jasmin M. Kneuer, David John, Sabine Rebs, Maximilian N. Moebius-Winkler, Stephan Erbe, Marion Mueller, Michael Andritschke, Susanne Gaul, Bilal N. Sheikh, Jan Haas, Holger Thiele, Oliver J. Mueller, Susanne Hille, Florian Leuschner, Stefanie Dimmeler, Katrin Streckfuss-Boemeke, Benjamin Meder, Ulrich Laufs, Jes-Niels Boeckel
Summary: Alterations of RNA editing, especially A-to-I RNA editing, contribute to human diseases, including heart failure. This study demonstrates that reduced RNA editing, primarily caused by Alu elements, is associated with increased circRNA levels and impaired sarcomere regularity in failing human hearts. ADAR2, a key enzyme involved in A-to-I RNA editing, is decreased in failing hearts, leading to elevated circRNA levels. The reduced ADAR2 activity also represses the formation of double-stranded RNA structures and promotes linear mRNA splicing. These findings provide important insights into the role of RNA editing and circRNA formation in human diseases, particularly heart failure.
BASIC RESEARCH IN CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Weixue Liao, Wenhan Nie, Iftikhar Ahmad, Gongyou Chen, Bo Zhu
Summary: A-to-I RNA editing is an important modification that increases protein diversity by modifying adenosine to inosine in RNA molecules. ADAR-dependent A-to-I mRNA editing is common in animals, but TadA-mediated editing has been found in E. coli. Some editing events in bacterial proteins, such as S128P on FliC and T408A on XfeA, enhance bacterial tolerance to oxidative stress and control iron uptake, respectively. Most of the editing events in bacteria have adaptive benefits, and there may be other enzymes similar to TadA involved in the editing process.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Kairen Tian, Xia Hong, Manman Guo, Yanni Li, Hao Wu, Qinggele Caiyin, Jianjun Qiao
Summary: This study reports the development of a CRISPR-based multi-loci editing system that can efficiently edit multiple loci in L. lactis, providing a powerful tool for industrial applications.
ACS SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Naoki Hirose, Kazuyuki Uchida, Satoru Matsunaga, James Kenn Chambers, Hiroyuki Nakayama
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2015)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Megumi Akamatsu, Takenari Yamashita, Naoki Hirose, Sayaka Teramoto, Shin Kwak
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2016)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Naoki Hirose, Kazuyuki Uchida, Hideyuki Kanemoto, Koichi Ohno, James K. Chambers, Hiroyuki Nakayama
JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2014)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vasanthan Jayakumar, Osamu Nishimura, Mitsutaka Kadota, Naoki Hirose, Hiromi Sano, Yasuhiro Murakawa, Yumiko Yamamoto, Masataka Nakaya, Tomoyuki Tsukiyama, Yasunari Seita, Shinichiro Nakamura, Jun Kawai, Erika Sasaki, Masatsugu Ema, Shigehiro Kuraku, Hideya Kawaji, Yasubumi Sakakibara
Summary: This study performed de novo genome assembly of cynomolgus macaque and common marmoset, achieving high scaffold N50 lengths. The assembly of cynomolgus macaque outperformed all available assemblies in terms of contiguity, providing valuable resources for non-human primate models.