Perspective: Spintronic synapse for artificial neural network

Neuromorphic computing enabled by physics of electron spins: Prospects and perspectives

(2018) Abhronil Sengupta et al.   Applied Physics Express

Spin currents and spin–orbit torques in ferromagnetic trilayers

(2018) Seung-heon C. Baek et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

Switching a Perpendicular Ferromagnetic Layer by Competing Spin Currents

(2018) Qinli Ma et al.   PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS

Antidamping-Torque-Induced Switching in Biaxial Antiferromagnetic Insulators

(2018) X. Z. Chen et al.   PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS

Writing and reading antiferromagnetic Mn2Au by Néel spin-orbit torques and large anisotropic magnetoresistance

(2018) S. Yu. Bodnar et al.   Nature Communications

Characterization of spin–orbit torque-controlled synapse device for artificial neural network applications

(2018) William A. Borders et al.   JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS

Stack Structure Dependence of Magnetic Properties of PtMn/[Co/Ni] Films for Spin-Orbit Torque Switching Device

(2017) William A. Borders et al.   IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS

Magnetization switching schemes for nanoscale three-terminal spintronics devices

(2017) Shunsuke Fukami et al.   JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS

Spintronics based random access memory: a review

(2017) Sabpreet Bhatti et al.   Materials Today

Neuromorphic computing with nanoscale spintronic oscillators

(2017) Jacob Torrejon et al.   NATURE

Antiferromagnetic CuMnAs multi-level memory cell with microelectronic compatibility

(2017) K. Olejník et al.   Nature Communications

Learning through ferroelectric domain dynamics in solid-state synapses

(2017) Sören Boyn et al.   Nature Communications

Stochastic p -Bits for Invertible Logic

(2017) Kerem Yunus Camsari et al.   Physical Review X

Analogue spin–orbit torque device for artificial-neural-network-based associative memory operation

(2016) William A. Borders et al.   Applied Physics Express

All Spin Artificial Neural Networks Based on Compound Spintronic Synapse and Neuron

(2016) Deming Zhang et al.   IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems

Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search

(2016) David Silver et al.   NATURE

Magnetization switching by spin–orbit torque in an antiferromagnet–ferromagnet bilayer system

(2016) Shunsuke Fukami et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

Spin–orbit torque switching without an external field using interlayer exchange coupling

(2016) Yong-Chang Lau et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

A spin–orbit torque switching scheme with collinear magnetic easy axis and current configuration

(2016) S. Fukami et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Field-free switching of perpendicular magnetization through spin–orbit torque in antiferromagnet/ferromagnet/oxide structures

(2016) Young-Wan Oh et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Spintronic Nanodevices for Bioinspired Computing

(2016) Julie Grollier et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE

Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory

(2016) Dmytro Apalkov et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE

Electrical switching of an antiferromagnet

(2016) P. Wadley et al.   SCIENCE

Field-free magnetization reversal by spin-Hall effect and exchange bias

(2016) A. van den Brink et al.   Nature Communications

Giant facet-dependent spin-orbit torque and spin Hall conductivity in the triangular antiferromagnet IrMn3

(2016) W. Zhang et al.   Science Advances

Experimental Demonstration and Tolerancing of a Large-Scale Neural Network (165 000 Synapses) Using Phase-Change Memory as the Synaptic Weight Element

(2015) Geoffrey W. Burr et al.   IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES

Large anomalous Hall effect in a non-collinear antiferromagnet at room temperature

(2015) Satoru Nakatsuji et al.   NATURE

Training and operation of an integrated neuromorphic network based on metal-oxide memristors

(2015) M. Prezioso et al.   NATURE

Current-driven asymmetric magnetization switching in perpendicularly magnetized CoFeB/MgO heterostructures

(2015) Jacob Torrejon et al.   PHYSICAL REVIEW B

All-electrical manipulation of magnetization dynamics in a ferromagnet by antiferromagnets with anisotropic spin Hall effects

(2015) Wei Zhang et al.   PHYSICAL REVIEW B

Electrical manipulation of ferromagnetic NiFe by antiferromagnetic IrMn

(2015) V. Tshitoyan et al.   PHYSICAL REVIEW B

Switching of perpendicularly polarized nanomagnets with spin orbit torque without an external magnetic field by engineering a tilted anisotropy

(2015) Long You et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Switching of perpendicular magnetization by spin–orbit torques in the absence of external magnetic fields

(2014) Guoqiang Yu et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Anomalous Hall Effect Arising from Noncollinear Antiferromagnetism

(2014) Hua Chen et al.   PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS

Spin Hall Effects in Metallic Antiferromagnets

(2014) Wei Zhang et al.   PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS

Neurogrid: A Mixed-Analog-Digital Multichip System for Large-Scale Neural Simulations

(2014) Ben Varkey Benjamin et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE

The SpiNNaker Project

(2014) Steve B. Furber et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE

A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface

(2014) P. A. Merolla et al.   SCIENCE

Fabrication of a magnetic tunnel junction-based 240-tile nonvolatile field-programmable gate array chip skipping wasted write operations for greedy power-reduced logic applications

(2013) Daisuke Suzuki et al.   IEICE Electronics Express

Spin-torque building blocks

(2013) N. Locatelli et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

Symmetry and magnitude of spin–orbit torques in ferromagnetic heterostructures

(2013) Kevin Garello et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Spin transfer torque devices utilizing the giant spin Hall effect of tungsten

(2012) Chi-Feng Pai et al.   APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS

Three-terminal ferroelectric synapse device with concurrent learning function for artificial neural networks

(2012) Y. Nishitani et al.   JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS

Layer thickness dependence of the current-induced effective field vector in Ta|CoFeB|MgO

(2012) Junyeon Kim et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

Spin-Torque Switching with the Giant Spin Hall Effect of Tantalum

(2012) L. Liu et al.   SCIENCE

A 32GBit/s communication SoC for a waferscale neuromorphic system

(2011) Stefan Scholze et al.   INTEGRATION-THE VLSI JOURNAL

Nanoelectronic Programmable Synapses Based on Phase Change Materials for Brain-Inspired Computing

(2011) Duygu Kuzum et al.   NANO LETTERS

Perpendicular switching of a single ferromagnetic layer induced by in-plane current injection

(2011) Ioan Mihai Miron et al.   NATURE

Nanoscale Memristor Device as Synapse in Neuromorphic Systems

(2010) Sung Hyun Jo et al.   NANO LETTERS

Evidence for reversible control of magnetization in a ferromagnetic material by means of spin–orbit magnetic field

(2009) Alexandr Chernyshov et al.   Nature Physics

The missing memristor found

(2008) Dmitri B. Strukov et al.   NATURE

What are artificial neural networks?

(2008) Anders Krogh   NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY