Article
Oncology
Yizhen Guo, Lai Wei, Sandip H. Patel, Gabrielle Lopez, Madison Grogan, Mingjia Li, Tyler Haddad, Andrew Johns, Latha P. Ganesan, Yiping Yang, Daniel J. Spakowicz, Peter G. Shields, Kai He, Erin M. Bertino, Gregory A. Otterson, David P. Carbone, Carolyn Presley, Samuel K. Kulp, Thomas A. Mace, Christopher C. Coss, Mitch A. Phelps, Dwight H. Owen
Summary: Serum albumin and early albumin decrease are significantly associated with overall survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. This study suggests that albumin changes may serve as potential biomarkers to predict treatment outcomes and warrant further investigation.
CLINICAL LUNG CANCER
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Zhe-jun Zhao, Yuan-long Sun, Xiao-fen Ruan
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological activity and research prospects of bornyl acetate (BA), highlighting its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, sedative properties, and potential for use in aromatherapy. Compared to traditional NSAIDs, BA has a more favorable safety profile while maintaining efficacy, making it a promising candidate for developing novel drugs.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Edmund J. Gore, Lilli Gard, Hubert G. M. Niesters, Coretta C. Van Leer Buter
Summary: Torquetenovirus (TTV) is being investigated as a marker of immune competence in patients with immunological impairment and inflammatory disorders. TTV has a high prevalence and is controlled by the immune system. The viral load of TTV in plasma reflects the degree of immunosuppression and shows correlations with infection and rejection in organ transplantation. However, the interpretation of TTV load should consider its properties such as transmission, tropism, genotypes, and mutations.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Laura C. Kennedy, Anum S. Kazerouni, Bonny Chau, Debosmita Biswas, Rebeca Alvarez, Grace Durenberger, Suzanne M. Dintzis, Sasha E. Stanton, Savannah C. Partridge, Vijayakrishna Gadi
Summary: Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows promise as an early marker for predicting immune response to treatment in HER2+ breast cancer patients. Functional diffusion-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI measures were compared with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and RNA immune signature scores, and found to be associated with immune-activated tumor microenvironments.
Article
Biology
Gongchen Yu, James P. Herman, Leor N. Katz, Richard J. Krauzlis
Summary: Recent evidence suggests that microsaccades are not necessary for attention-related modulation, although they are linked to attention. Attention-related modulation can still occur in the absence of microsaccades.
Article
Oncology
Ashok K. Pullikuth, Eric D. Routh, Kip D. Zimmerman, Julia Chifman, Jeff W. Chou, Michael H. Soike, Guangxu Jin, Jing Su, Qianqian Song, Michael A. Black, Cristin Print, Davide Bedognetti, Marissa Howard-McNatt, Stacey S. O'Neill, Alexandra Thomas, Carl D. Langefeld, Alexander B. Sigalov, Yong Lu, Lance D. Miller
Summary: High TREM-1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer, potentially contributing to tumor progression and immune suppression through myeloid cells.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yasunari Matsuzaka, Ryu Yashiro
Summary: Self-tolerance is a process that protects against self-reactive B and T cells through negative selection, programmed cell death, and inhibition of regulatory T cells. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles, can deliver microRNAs to modulate the immune response by regulating gene expression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Manasa Anipindi, Ryan J. Smith, Madiha Gilani
Summary: The incidence of cervical cancer has decreased due to vaccination and screenings. Early detection leads to successful treatment and excellent prognosis, but stage IV patients have low survival rates. With immunotherapy approved, the prognosis has improved. A stage IV cervical cancer patient, unable to tolerate chemotherapy, responded well to an immune checkpoint inhibitor and survived over two years without significant side effects. Further research is needed for the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors as a single agent for stage 4 cervical cancer patients who cannot tolerate standard chemotherapy.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Cody James Hastings, Grace Elizabeth Himmler, Arpeet Patel, Claudia Nogueira Hora Marques
Summary: Bacterial persister cells, a metabolically dormant subpopulation tolerant to antimicrobials, play a role in chronic infections and evade host immunity. This study focused on the ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa persister cells to withstand host innate immunity. The research found that persister cells resist complement-mediated killing and are engulfed at a lower rate. Once engulfed, the cells induce a different macrophage polarization pattern compared to regular vegetative cells. These findings provide further understanding of how persister cells contribute to chronic infections and evade the host immune response.
Article
Immunology
Ciputra Adijaya Hartana, Pilar Garcia Broncano, Kenneth Maswabi, Gbolahan Ajibola, Sikhulile Moyo, Terence Mohammed, Comfort Maphorisa, Joseph Makhema, Kathleen M. Powis, Shahin Lockman, Peter D. Burbelo, Ce Gao, Xu G. Yu, Daniel R. Kuritzkes, Roger Shapiro, Mathias Lichterfeld
Summary: IL-8-secreting CD4 T cells are negatively correlated with HIV-1 reservoir size at birth in vertically infected neonates, suggesting a potential barrier against reservoir seeding. The immune mechanisms regulating HIV-1 reservoir size in neonates remain unclear. In this study, we found that IL-8-secreting CD4 T cells, which are expanded in early infancy, are more resistant to HIV-1 infection and inversely correlated with intact proviruses at birth in neonates receiving early antiretroviral therapy. Furthermore, HIV-1-infected newborns exhibited distinct B-cell profiles at birth, which normalized after antiretroviral therapy.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gang Li, Xia Wu, Chen-liang Zhou, Ye-ming Wang, Bin Song, Xiao-bin Cheng, Qiu-fen Dong, Liu-lin Wang, Sha-sha You, Yuan-ming Ba
Summary: This study found that the lowest concentration of uric acid during hospitalization can independently predict the risk of in-hospital death and can be used as a prognostic indicator in severe patients with COVID-19. The mean survival time in the low-level group of lowUA was significantly lower than other groups, with high sensitivity and specificity in predicting hospital short-term mortality when lowUA was <= 166 mu mol/L.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ayleen Fernandez-Fierro, Samanta C. Funes, Mariana Rios, Camila Covian, Jorge Gonzalez, Alexis M. Kalergis
Summary: The heme oxygenase (HO) system involves three isoforms, with HO-1 being the most studied and overexpression of this enzyme promoting anti-inflammatory products. However, overexpression of HO leading to neonatal jaundice has prompted the development of inhibitors. Various types of inhibitors have been identified, including competitive and non-competitive ones, with potential medical implications in metabolic diseases and immune-mediated diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Selective inhibition of HO isoforms may contribute to the treatment of these ailments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Maksim V. Baranov, Manoj Kumar, Stefano Sacanna, Shashi Thutupalli, Geert van den Bogaart
Summary: The size, shape, rigidity, and surface roughness of pathogens are important parameters affecting cellular uptake and immune responses, particularly in inflammasome activation and T cell activation. Understanding how the physical properties of particles influence immune responses can assist in the design of more effective vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Ya-Jun Deng, Zhi Li, Bo Wang, Jie Li, Jun Ma, Xiong Xue, Xin Tian, Quan-Cheng Liu, Ying Zhang, Bin Yuan
Summary: This study identifies the immune-related gene IL17RA as a diagnostic marker of osteoporosis from an immunological perspective, and provides insight into its biological function.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Dong Tian, Min Han
Summary: This study identifies the beneficial role of muropeptides produced by commensal bacteria on mitochondrial homeostasis, development, and behaviors in host animals. These molecules enter intestinal-cell mitochondria to repress oxidative stress by binding to and promoting the activity of ATP synthase. This finding presents a major conceptual modification regarding the impact of bacterial cell metabolites on animal physiology.
DEVELOPMENTAL CELL
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Milena Perrone, Claudia Chiodoni, Mara Lecchi, Laura Botti, Barbara Bassani, Annamaria Piva, Elena Jachetti, Matteo Milani, Daniele Lecis, Elda Tagliabue, Paolo Verderio, Sabina Sangaletti, Mario P. Colombo
Summary: Cancer can reprogram the bone marrow niche through the BM mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and IL-1B/ATF3 signaling pathway, which promotes myeloid cell differentiation and tumor development. The expression of CD11b thorn population in the peripheral blood can be used as a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of breast cancer. This study suggests that targeting IL-1B or ATF3 may have therapeutic benefits for breast cancer patients.
Article
Oncology
Michela Pasello, Anna Maria Giudice, Camilla Cristalli, Maria Cristina Manara, Caterina Mancarella, Alessandro Parra, Massimo Serra, Giovanna Magagnoli, Florencia Cidre-Aranaz, Thomas G. P. Grunewald, Carla Bini, Pier-Luigi Lollini, Alessandra Longhi, Davide Maria Donati, Katia Scotlandi
Summary: The study reveals that high expression of ABCA6 in Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is associated with a favorable outcome in patients. It functions as a tumor suppressor by regulating cholesterol levels and inhibiting IGF1R/AKT/MDM2 signaling, leading to reduced cell migration and increased sensitivity to chemotherapy. These findings support the use of ABCA6 as a biomarker for EWS progression and the consideration of statins as adjuvant drugs.
Article
Oncology
Giancarla Bernardo, Valentino Le Noci, Emerenziana Ottaviano, Loris De Cecco, Chiara Camisaschi, Simone Guglielmetti, Martina Di Modica, Giorgio Gargari, Francesca Bianchi, Serena Indino, Patrizia Sartori, Elisa Borghi, Michele Sommariva, Elda Tagliabue, Tiziana Triulzi, Lucia Sfondrini
Summary: This study highlights the significant influence of mammary tumor microbiota on local immune status and the relevance of its treatment with antibiotics, in combination with breast cancer therapies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Serena Indino, Cristina Borzi, Claudia Moscheni, Patrizia Sartori, Loris De Cecco, Giancarla Bernardo, Valentino Le Noci, Francesca Arnaboldi, Tiziana Triulzi, Gabriella Sozzi, Elda Tagliabue, Lucia Sfondrini, Nicoletta Gagliano, Massimo Moro, Michele Sommariva
Summary: Certain malignant cells may induce an HPD-related phenotype in macrophages, accelerating tumor growth, while tumor-derived Extracellular Vesicles play a key role in macrophage re-education program.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Lorena Landuzzi, Francesca Ruzzi, Pier-Luigi Lollini, Katia Scotlandi
Summary: Synovial sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor characterized by t(X;18) translocation encoding the SS18-SSX fusion gene, which interacts with BAF enhancer and polycomb repressor complexes to regulate gene transcription. Different experimental in vivo models for synovial sarcoma research include transgenic mouse models, patient-derived xenografts, and cell lines. These models have contributed to identifying vulnerabilities and developing new therapies for synovial sarcoma.
Article
Oncology
Arsela Prelaj, Monica Ganzinelli, Francesco Trovo, LailaC. Roisman, Alessandra Laura Giulia Pedrocchi, Sokol Kosta, Marcello Restelli, Emilia Ambrosini, Massimo Broggini, Gabriella Pravettoni, Dario Monzani, Alessandro Nuara, Ramon Amat, Nikos Spathas, Michael Willis, Alexander Pearson, James Dolezal, Laura Mazzeo, Sabina Sangaletti, Ana Maria Correa, Alfonso Aguaron, Iris Watermann, Crina Popa, Giulia Raimondi, Tiziana Triulzi, Stefan Steurer, Giuseppe Lo Russo, Helena Linardou, Nir Peled, Enriqueta Felip, Martin Reck, Marina Chiara Garassino
Summary: Despite the success of immunotherapy in treating aNSCLC, only a fraction of patients truly benefit from it. PD-L1, the only biomarker used for predicting IO outcomes, is not sufficient due to the complex nature of the immune system and tumor microenvironment. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are now utilized to develop decision-making tools to match treatments with individual patients, improve outcomes, and reduce the economic burden. I3LUNG, a funded study, aims to promote individualized treatment in aNSCLC through AI-based tools and create an integrated platform for IO administration.
CLINICAL LUNG CANCER
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Marco Silvestri, Trung Nghia Vu, Federico Nichetti, Monica Niger, Serena Di Cosimo, Filippo De Braud, Giancarlo Pruneri, Yudi Pawitan, Stefano Calza, Vera Cappelletti
Summary: This study aimed to provide a gene expression-based classification of extrahepatic and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by collecting all available public records. Through unsupervised clustering analysis of gene expression data, four subgroups characterized by different immune infiltrate and signaling pathways were identified in both ICC and ECC. Class predictors were developed using short gene list signatures and subgroups of ICC tumors with different prognosis were identified in an independent dataset.
Article
Oncology
Elisabetta Setola, S. Benini, A. Righi, G. Gamberi, E. Carretta, C. Ferrari, S. Avnet, E. Palmerini, G. Magagnoli, M. Gambarotti, P. L. Lollini, M. Cesari, S. Cocchi, A. Paioli, A. Longhi, K. Scotlandi, M. A. Laginestra, D. M. Donati, N. Baldini, T. Ibrahim
Summary: This study found a higher frequency of IDH mutations in G3 CCBC compared to G2. No significant differences in overall survival, relapse-free survival, and progression-free survival were observed based on the mutational status. After relapse, a higher rate of G3 was observed in IDH mutated CCBC.
Article
Oncology
Serena Di Cosimo, Silva Ljevar, Annalisa Trama, Alice Bernasconi, Paolo Lasalvia, Maria Carmen De Santis, Vera Cappelletti, Rosalba Miceli, Giovanni Apolone
Summary: We examined the impact of COVID-19 on newly-diagnosed breast cancer patients. There were two significant drops in diagnoses in 2020 compared to 2019. Several treatment measures, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, decreased in 2020. COVID-19 occurrence was associated with increased mortality. The findings highlight the importance of continuity of care and the need to minimize treatment delays in breast cancer patients.
Review
Oncology
Lorena Landuzzi, Maria Cristina Manara, Laura Pazzaglia, Pier-Luigi Lollini, Katia Scotlandi
Summary: Synovial sarcoma (SyS) is a rare aggressive soft tissue sarcoma with a unique genetic signature. The majority of patients are initially diagnosed with localized disease, but metastatic relapse is common and advanced stages have a poor prognosis. This review summarizes current treatments and highlights the potential of new epigenetic and immunological strategies. Accurate patient selection based on genetic and tumor immune microenvironment signatures is crucial.
Review
Cell Biology
Giancarla Bernardo, Valentino Le Noci, Martina Di Modica, Elena Montanari, Tiziana Triulzi, Serenella M. Pupa, Elda Tagliabue, Michele Sommariva, Lucia Sfondrini
Summary: Emerging evidence suggests that the composition of the gut microbiota is closely associated with breast cancer progression. In addition to their role in modulating the immune response and estrogen levels, recent research has revealed the presence of microbes in the breast tissue, which was once considered sterile, and their potential contribution to tumor progression. Specific bacterial species enriched in breast tumors have been identified, and their mechanisms of influencing cancer progression have been elucidated. Understanding the crosstalk between the gut/mammary microbiota and breast cancer holds promise for developing innovative therapeutic approaches.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francesca Ruzzi, Maria Sofia Semprini, Laura Scalambra, Arianna Palladini, Stefania Angelicola, Chiara Cappello, Olga Maria Pittino, Patrizia Nanni, Pier-Luigi Lollini
Summary: Cancer vaccines are being studied to prevent and treat cancers. Prophylactic vaccines for virus-caused cancers are already approved and used globally, while therapeutic cancer vaccines still need further development. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are protein structures designed to mimic viruses and can trigger immune responses. This review provides an overview of preventive VLP-based vaccines approved worldwide for HBV and HPV infections, and evaluates their effectiveness in preventing virus-caused cancers. It also summarizes preclinical and early clinical data on VLP-based cancer vaccines, focusing on HER-2-positive breast cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
