Article
Veterinary Sciences
Amanda L. Skarlupka, Ted M. Ross
Summary: Research has shown that raw animal sera can inhibit a range of influenza virus neuraminidase (NA), but the breadth and effectiveness of inhibition depend on the source of sera. Despite different sources of sera exhibiting varying levels of inhibition against different influenza viruses, further studies are needed to ensure consistency of scientific methods in order to support the development of broadly protective influenza virus vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Rina Fajri Nuwarda, Abdulsalam Abdullah Alharbi, Veysel Kayser
Summary: Influenza is a major public health concern, and vaccines are an effective method for prevention and control. New vaccine platforms and advancements in vaccine manufacturing processes are being explored to improve effectiveness and stability.
Article
Virology
Kaito Nagashima, Nada Abbadi, Ved Vyas, Abigail Roegner, Ted M. Ross, Jarrod J. Mousa
Summary: Computationally optimized broadly reactive antigens (COBRAs) are a promising universal influenza vaccine candidate. In this study, we investigated the effect of different adjuvants on the antibody responses induced by COBRAs. We found that AddaS03 performed the best, eliciting high IgG titers and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) activity for COBRA immunizations. These findings provide important insights for the development of COBRA-based vaccines in the future.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carolyn M. Boudreau, John S. Burke, Ashraf S. Yousif, Maya Sangesland, Sandra Jastrzebski, Chris Verschoor, George Kuchel, Daniel Lingwood, Harry Kleanthous, Iris De Bruijn, Victoria Landolfi, Saranya Sridhar, Galit Alter
Summary: Antibodies not only play a critical role in neutralizing the virus, but also leverage the antiviral power of the innate immune system to protect against and clear influenza infection. Analysis of the humoral immune response in older adults vaccinated against influenza revealed that NK cell activation is associated with protection. Selective induction of antibodies that activate NK cells against influenza may be needed for effective protection in older adults.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Kelly A. S. da Costa, Joanne Marie M. Del Rosario, Matteo Ferrari, Sneha Vishwanath, Benedikt Asbach, Rebecca Kinsley, Ralf Wagner, Jonathan L. Heeney, George W. Carnell, Nigel J. Temperton
Summary: By using NA pseudoviruses and developing the pELLA assay, we successfully measured neuraminidase inhibition levels in different influenza sera and found that pELLA is more sensitive than the commercially available NA-Fluor(TM). These studies may lead to the design of more potent, longer-lasting, and broader protective vaccines that can be used in a pre-pandemic approach in combination with HA vaccines.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hemat S. Elsayed, Amany Adel, Dalal S. Alshaya, Fatmah A. Safhi, Areej S. Jalal, Dalia M. A. Elmasry, Karim Selim, Ahmed A. Erfan, Samah Eid, Samy Selim, Mohamed T. El-Saadony, Momtaz Shahein
Summary: In late 2016, different genotypes of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus were reported among domestic and wild bird species. The virus became endemic in poultry, causing significant economic losses. This study found the presence of the virus in ostriches and identified its genetic characteristics.
Article
Immunology
Luca T. Giurgea, Adriana Cervantes-Medina, Kathie-Anne Walters, Kelsey Scherler, Alison Han, Lindsay M. Czajkowski, Holly Ann Baus, Sally Hunsberger, Sabra L. Klein, John C. Kash, Jeffery K. Taubenberger, Matthew J. Memoli
Summary: In this study, it was found that females were more likely to have symptoms and a higher number of symptoms than males after influenza challenge. Neuraminidase inhibition (NAI) titers were found to be predictive of all outcomes of interest.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
De-Jian Liu, Cui-Cui Liu, Xiu-Qin Zhong, Xuan Wu, Hui-Hui Zhang, Shang-Wen Lu, Zhuo-Ling Shen, Wen-Wen Song, Shi-Long Zhao, You-Song Peng, He-Ping Zheng, Mu-Yang Wan, Yao-Qing Chen, Lei Deng
Summary: Neuraminidase is identified as a crucial element in the development of a universal influenza vaccine. Inducing neuraminidase-specific broadly protective antibodies through vaccinations is difficult. In this study, conserved peptides from the globular head domains of neuraminidase were selected to focus the immune response and enhance cross-protections. The peptide-based sequential immunization strategy proved to be effective in inducing targeted and cross-protective antibody response, providing insights for designing universal vaccines against highly variable pathogens.
Article
Virology
Atsushi Kawai, Yasuyuki Yamamoto, Takuto Nogimori, Kohei Takeshita, Takuya Yamamoto, Yasuo Yoshioka
Summary: The study demonstrates that intranasal immunization with NA provides broad cross-protection against both homologous and heterologous influenza viruses by inducing NA-specific IgA that recognizes a wider range of epitopes, indicating the potential of NA as an antigen for nasal vaccines to provide broad cross-protection.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Pavithra Daulagala, Brian R. Mann, Kathy Leung, Eric H. Y. Lau, Louise Yung, Ruipeng Lei, Sarea I. N. Nizami, Joseph T. Wu, Susan S. Chiu, Rodney S. Daniels, Nicholas C. Wu, David Wentworth, Malik Peiris, Hui-Ling Yen
Summary: Immune imprinting shapes the anti-HA antibody landscape, but the evaluation of anti-HA and anti-NA antibody responses in individuals born within the same birth cohort has been limited. This study characterized NA antigenic variants and found age-dependent imprinting of both anti-HA and anti-NA antibodies. Including NA proteins in influenza vaccine preparations may enhance vaccine efficacy.
Article
Immunology
Weijia Xiong, Tim K. Tsang, Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera, Nancy H. L. Leung, Vicky J. Fang, Ian G. Barr, J. S. Malik Peiris, Benjamin J. Cowling
Summary: We explored the biphasic pattern of antibody titers waning after influenza vaccination in children. Using blood samples, we found evidence for a faster waning in the first 1-2 years, followed by a slower decline in the longer term. Children with higher postvaccination titers showed faster antibody decay.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Alvin X. Han, Simon P. J. de Jong, Colin A. Russell
Summary: This review summarizes the interplay between immunity evolution from previous infections or vaccination and the evolution of seasonal influenza viruses, including functional constraints, within-host evolutionary processes, and options for influenza virus control. It is found that seasonal influenza viruses continually evolve to escape host immunity, driven by viral constraints and host immune responses. However, it remains unclear how these advances can effectively reduce the impact of seasonal influenza on human health.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
James D. Allen, Ted M. Ross
Summary: The study found that broadly-reactive influenza virus vaccine antigens targeting A(H3N2) influenza viruses are more effective at producing cross-reactive antibodies than traditional vaccines, with higher neutralizing capabilities against historical, contemporary, and future drifted influenza strains.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Xuemin Chen, He-ying Sun, Chun Yi Lee, Christina A. Rostad, Jessica Trost, Rodrigo B. Abreu, Michael A. Carlock, Jason R. Wilson, Shane Gansebom, Ted M. Ross, David A. Steinhauer, Evan J. Anderson, Larry J. Anderson
Summary: Novel cell-based assays were developed to evaluate ADCC antibodies against influenza virus. The study found that vaccination induced higher ADCC antibody levels against four proteins compared to circulating virus. Minor changes in HA subtype can lead to significant differences in ADCC activity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David F. Zeigler, Emily Gage, Christopher H. Clegg
Summary: The study introduced a nanoparticle-based vaccine platform for building broadly protective influenza vaccines targeting conserved epitopes, providing long-lasting immunity. Novel epitopes with higher protective potential were identified using protein sequence and structural information in combination, leading to improved antibody responses.
Article
Virology
Ting Y. Wong, Alexander M. Horspool, Brynnan P. Russ, Chengjin Ye, Katherine S. Lee, Michael T. Winters, Justin R. Bevere, Olivia A. Miller, Nathaniel A. Rader, Melissa Cooper, Theodore Kieffer, Julien Sourimant, Alexander L. Greninger, Richard K. Plemper, James Denvir, Holly A. Cyphert, Mariette Barbier, Jordi B. Torrelles, Ivan Martinez, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, F. Heath Damron
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoC) have enhanced immune evasion, as demonstrated in this study using passive immunization with human convalescent plasma (HCP). The efficacy of HCP generated to ancestral SARS-CoV-2 was tested against the Alpha, Beta, and Delta VoC in a mouse model. The results show that HCP was unable to control the lethality of these VoC strains, highlighting the need for in vivo models to evaluate emerging strains' immune evasion.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Mark W. Tenforde, Wesley H. Self, Yuwei Zhu, Eric A. Naioti, Manjusha Gaglani, Adit A. Ginde, Kelly Jensen, H. Keipp Talbot, Jonathan D. Casey, Nicholas M. Mohr, Anne Zepeski, Tresa McNeal, Shekhar Ghamande, Kevin W. Gibbs, D. Clark Files, David N. Hager, Arber Shehu, Matthew E. Prekker, Heidi L. Erickson, Michelle N. Gong, Amira Mohamed, Nicholas J. Johnson, Vasisht Srinivasan, Jay S. Steingrub, Ithan D. Peltan, Samuel M. Brown, Emily T. Martin, Arnold S. Monto, Akram Khan, Catherine L. Hough, Laurence W. Busse, Caitlin ten Lohuis, Abhijit Duggal, Jennifer G. Wilson, Nida Qadir, Steven Y. Chang, Christopher Mallow, Carolina Rivas, Hilary M. Babcock, Jennie H. Kwon, Matthew C. Exline, Mena M. Botros, Adam S. Lauring, Nathan Shapiro, Natasha Halasa, James D. Chappell, Carlos G. Grijalva, Todd W. Rice, Ian D. Jones, William B. Stubblefield, Adrienne Baughman, Kelsey N. Womack, Jillian P. Rhoads, Christopher J. Lindsell, Kimberly W. Hart, Caitlin Turbyfill, Samantha Olson, Nancy Murray, Katherine Adams, Manish M. Patel
Summary: Among hospitalized adults, the effectiveness of the two-dose mRNA vaccine against COVID-19-associated hospitalization decreased from 90% to 82% after 6 months post-vaccination. This study highlights the limited long-term durability of protection provided by the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines against hospitalization.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Adam S. Lauring, Mark W. Tenforde, James D. Chappell, Manjusha Gaglani, Adit A. Ginde, Tresa McNeal, Shekhar Ghamande, David J. Douin, H. Keipp Talbot, Jonathan D. Casey, Nicholas M. Mohr, Anne Zepeski, Nathan Shapiro, Kevin W. Gibbs, D. Clark Files, David N. Hager, Arber Shehu, Matthew E. Prekker, Heidi L. Erickson, Matthew C. Exline, Michelle N. Gong, Amira Mohamed, Nicholas J. Johnson, Vasisht Srinivasan, Jay S. Steingrub, Ithan D. Peltan, Samuel M. Brown, Emily T. Martin, Arnold S. Monto, Akram Khan, Catherine L. Hough, Laurence W. Busse, Caitlin C. ten Lohuis, Abhijit Duggal, Jennifer G. Wilson, Alexandra June Gordon, Nida Qadir, Steven Y. Chang, Christopher Mallow, Carolina Rivas, Hilary M. Babcock, Jennie H. Kwon, Natasha Halasa, Carlos G. Grijalva, Todd W. Rice, William B. Stubblefield, Adrienne Baughman, Kelsey N. Womack, Jillian P. Rhoads, Christopher J. Lindsell, Kimberly W. Hart, Yuwei Zhu, Katherine Adams, Stephanie J. Schrag, Samantha M. Olson, Miwako Kobayashi, Jennifer R. Verani, Manish M. Patel, Wesley H. Self
Summary: mRNA vaccines were highly effective in preventing covid-19 associated hospital admissions related to the alpha, delta, and omicron variants. Three vaccine doses were required for protection against omicron, while two doses provided protection against delta and alpha variants. Omicron variant showed lower disease severity compared to delta variant but still resulted in morbidity and mortality. Vaccinated patients had lower disease severity than unvaccinated patients for all the variants.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Zhu Nan Li, Feng Liu, Stacie Jefferson, Lauren Horner, Paul Carney, Michael D. L. Johnson, Jennifer P. King, Emily T. Martin, Richard K. Zimmerman, Karen Wernli, Manjusha Gaglani, Mark Thompson, Brendan Flannery, James Stevens, Terrence Tumpey, Min Z. Levine
Summary: This study developed a method to simultaneously analyze antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2/influenza/common human coronaviruses. The results showed no interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza antibody responses after concurrent vaccination. Furthermore, there was no evidence of SARS-CoV-2/influenza coinfections among individuals with acute respiratory illness in the past year.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Manjusha Gaglani, Sara S. Kim, Allison L. Naleway, Min Z. Levine, Laura Edwards, Kempapura Murthy, Kayan Dunnigan, Tnelda Zunie, Holly Groom, Sarah Ball, Zuha Jeddy, Danielle Hunt, Meredith G. Wesley, Suryaprakash Sambhara, Shivaprakash Gangappa, Lauren Grant, Weiping Cao, F. Liaini Gross, Margarita Mishina, Alicia M. Fry, Mark G. Thompson, Fatimah S. Dawood, Brendan Flannery
Summary: Healthcare personnel who received two consecutive seasons of quadrivalent recombinant-hemagglutinin influenza vaccine showed higher levels of post-vaccination antibodies compared to those who received egg-based inactivated vaccine. However, this effect was not observed in those who received cell-culture vaccines. This study highlights the importance of gradually increasing the dose of influenza vaccine over consecutive seasons for improved immunogenicity.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ashley M. Price, Brendan Flannery, H. Keipp Talbot, Carlos G. Grijalva, Karen J. Wernli, C. Hallie Phillips, Arnold S. Monto, Emily T. Martin, Edward A. Belongia, Huong Q. McLean, Manjusha Gaglani, Manohar Mutnal, Krissy Moehling Geffel, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Sara Y. Tartof, Ana Florea, Callie McLean, Sara S. Kim, Manish M. Patel, Jessie R. Chung
Summary: In the 2021-2022 season, influenza activity in the United States was mild enough to estimate the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine. Researchers found that the vaccine had an effectiveness of 36% against outpatient acute illness caused by A(H3N2) viruses.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Mark W. Tenforde, Manish M. Patel, Nathaniel M. Lewis, Katherine Adams, Manjusha Gaglani, Jay S. Steingrub, Nathan Shapiro, Abhijit Duggal, Matthew E. Prekker, Ithan D. Peltan, David N. Hager, Michelle N. Gong, Matthew C. Exline, Adit A. Ginde, Nicholas M. Mohr, Christopher Mallow, Emily T. Martin, H. Keipp Talbot, Kevin W. Gibbs, Jennie H. Kwon, James D. Chappell, Natasha Halasa, Adam S. Lauring, Christopher J. Lindsell, Sydney A. Swan, Kimberly W. Hart, Kelsey N. Womack, Adrienne Baughman, Carlos G. Grijalva, Wesley H. Self
Summary: During the 2021-2022 US influenza season, circulating A(H3N2) viruses were antigenically different from the vaccine. The vaccine effectiveness against hospitalized illness was 26% (95% CI: -14-52%) for adults 18-64 years old and -3% (95% CI: -54-31%) for adults ≥ 65 years old. Our study showed that the influenza vaccine had some effectiveness in preventing hospitalization among immunocompetent adults aged 18-64, but provided no significant protection for adults ≥ 65.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Maria M. Lorenzo, Alejandro Marin-Lopez, Kevin Chiem, Luis Jimenez-Cabello, Irfan Ullah, Sergio Utrilla-Trigo, Eva Calvo-Pinilla, Gema Lorenzo, Sandra Moreno, Chengjin Ye, Jun-Gyu Park, Alejandro Matia, Alejandro Brun, Juana M. Sanchez-Puig, Aitor Nogales, Walther Mothes, Pradeep D. Uchil, Priti Kumar, Javier Ortego, Erol Fikrig, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, Rafael Blasco
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for fast responses and reliable technologies for vaccine development. This study reports on the construction and preclinical testing of a recombinant MVA vaccine, with the MVA-Spf vaccine candidate showing higher levels of antibodies, a stronger T cell response, and a higher degree of protection.
Article
Microbiology
Michael Piepenbrink, Fatai Oladunni, Aitor Nogales, Ahmed M. Khalil, Theresa Fitzgerald, Madhubanti Basu, Christopher Fucile, David J. Topham, Alexander F. Rosenberg, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, James J. Kobie
Summary: Influenza A virus (IAV) infections pose a significant threat to public health due to the variable nature of the virus. This study shows that immunization with a seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) can increase the levels of antibodies against H3N2 IAV, a strain known for its genetic drift. These antibodies have broad and potent antiviral activity and can protect against various H3N2 IAV strains. They also persist in the bone marrow, indicating their potential for long-term immunity. These findings contribute to the development of a universal influenza vaccine.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Kevin Chiem, Aitor Nogales, Maria Lorenzo, Desarey Morales Vasquez, Yan Xiang, Yogesh K. Gupta, Rafael Blasco, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Luis Martinez-Sobrido
Summary: Despite the eradication of smallpox, some orthopoxviruses, such as monkeypox virus (MPXV), remain important human pathogens. Vaccines for smallpox are effective against MPXV, but limited in access. Current antiviral treatments for MPXV are limited to two FDA-approved drugs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover novel antivirals for the treatment of MPXV and other potentially zoonotic orthopoxvirus infections. Here, we found 13 compounds that inhibit both VACV and MPXV, derived from two different libraries of compounds known to inhibit various RNA viruses.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Luis Martinez-Sobrido, James J. Kobie
Article
Virology
Ahmed M. Khalil, Michael S. Piepenbrink, Ian Markham, Madhubanti Basu, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, James J. Kobie
Summary: IBV contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality, particularly in children, necessitating improvements in vaccines and treatments. A specific hMAb, 1092D4, has been found to have minimal dependence on Fc-effector functions for in vivo antiviral activity.
Review
Immunology
Ahlam Alasiri, Raya Soltane, Akram Hegazy, Ahmed Magdy Khalil, Sara H. Mahmoud, Ahmed A. Khalil, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, Ahmed Mostafa
Summary: Despite being widespread in wild birds and domestic poultry, human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx viruses have been limited since 1996. Few countries use vaccination as a control strategy, while most rely on culling infected flocks. China and Egypt are the major sites where vaccination has been employed, particularly for clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses. However, improper implementation of control strategies in Egypt has resulted in continuous outbreaks and virus evolution. Comprehensive surveillance in endemic areas is crucial to understand the public health risk of newly emerging immune-evasive or drug-resistant H5Nx variants.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mark W. Tenforde, Wesley H. Self, Manjusha Gaglani, Adit A. Ginde, David J. Douin, H. Keipp Talbot, Jonathan D. Casey, Nicholas M. Mohr, Anne Zepeski, Tresa McNeal, Shekhar Ghamande, Kevin W. Gibbs, D. Clark Files, David N. Hager, Arber Shehu, Matthew E. Prekker, Anne E. Frosch, Michelle N. Gong, Amira Mohamed, Nicholas J. Johnson, Vasisht Srinivasan, Jay S. Steingrub, Ithan D. Peltan, Samuel M. Brown, Emily T. Martin, Arnold S. Monto, Akram Khan, Catherine L. Hough, Laurence W. Busse, Abhijit Duggal, Jennifer G. Wilson, Nida Qadir, Steven Y. Chang, Christopher Mallow, Carolina Rivas, Hilary M. Babcock, Jennie H. Kwon, Matthew C. Exline, Mena Botros, Adam S. Lauring, Nathan Shapiro, Natasha Halasa, James D. Chappell, Carlos G. Grijalva, Todd W. Rice, Ian D. Jones, William B. Stubblefield, Adrienne Baughman, Kelsey N. Womack, Jillian P. Rhoads, Christopher J. Lindsell, Kimberly W. Hart, Yuwei Zhu, Katherine Adams, Diya Surie, Meredith L. McMorrow, Manish M. Patel
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ashley L. Fowlkes, Sarang K. Yoon, Karen Lutrick, Lisa Gwynn, Joy Burns, Lauren Grant, Andrew L. Phillips, Katherine Ellingson, Maria Ferraris, Lindsay B. LeClair, Clare Mathenge, Young M. Yoo, Matthew S. Thiese, Lynn B. Gerald, Natasha Schaefer Solle, Zuha Jeddy, Leah Odame-Bamfo, Josephine Mak, Kurt T. Hegmann, Joe K. Gerald, Jezahel S. Ochoa, Mark Berry, Spencer Rose, Julie Mayo Lamberte, Purnima Madhivanan, Felipe A. Pubillones, Ramona P. Rai, Kayan Dunnigan, John T. Jones, Karl Krupp, Laura J. Edwards, Edward J. Bedrick, Brian E. Sokol, Ashley Lowe, Hilary McLeland-Wieser, Krystal S. Jovel, Deanna E. Fleary, Sana M. Khan, Brandon Poe, James Hollister, Joanna Lopez, Patrick Rivers, Shawn Beitel, Harmony L. Tyner, Allison L. Naleway, Lauren E. W. Olsho, Alberto J. Caban-Martinez, Jefferey L. Burgess, Mark G. Thompson, Manjusha Gaglani
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2022)
