Review of Biguanide (Metformin) Toxicity

Alternative mitochondrial electron transfer for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cancers: Methylene blue connects the dots

(2017) Shao-Hua Yang et al.   PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY

Metformin-Induced Hemolytic Anemia in a Patient With Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency

(2016) Nicole A. Ruggiero et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THERAPEUTICS

Metformin Use in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With CKD: Is It Time to Liberalize Dosing Recommendations?

(2015) Robert C. Stanton   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES

Hyperlactataemia and clinical severity of acute metformin overdose

(2015) K. McNamara et al.   INTERNAL MEDICINE JOURNAL

Teaching NeuroImages: The lentiform fork sign: An MRI pattern of metformin-associated encephalopathy

(2015) G. C. Fernandes et al.   NEUROLOGY

Combined activation of the energy and cellular-defense pathways may explain the potent anti-senescence activity of methylene blue

(2015) Hani Atamna et al.   Redox Biology

2013 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS): 31st Annual Report

(2015) James B. Mowry et al.   CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

Metformin and respiratory chain complex I: the last piece of the puzzle?

(2014) Eric Fontaine   BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL

Effects of metformin and other biguanides on oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria

(2014) Hannah R. Bridges et al.   BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL

Control of Gluconeogenesis by Metformin: Does Redox Trump Energy Charge?

(2014) Joseph A. Baur et al.   Cell Metabolism

Successful Use of Methylene Blue for Hemodynamically Unstable Metformin Toxicity

(2014) Diego Heredia et al.   CHEST

Metformin accumulation without hyperlactataemia and metformin-induced hyperlactataemia without metformin accumulation

(2014) J.D. Lalau et al.   DIABETES & METABOLISM

Alterations of coagulation in metformin intoxication

(2014) Baris Akinci et al.   Hormones-International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism

Metformin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Kidney Disease

(2014) Silvio E. Inzucchi et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase

(2014) Anila K. Madiraju et al.   NATURE

Lactic Acidosis

(2014) Jeffrey A. Kraut et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Efficient Extra- and Intracellular Alkalinization Improves Cardiovascular Functions in Severe Lactic Acidosis Induced by Hemorrhagic Shock

(2013) Antoine Kimmoun et al.   ANESTHESIOLOGY

Metformin overdose-induced hypoglycemia in the absence of other antidiabetic drugs

(2013) S. A. Al-Abri et al.   CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

Metformin accumulation: Lactic acidosis and high plasmatic metformin levels in a retrospective case series of 66 patients on chronic therapy

(2013) S. Vecchio et al.   CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

2012 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS): 30th Annual Report

(2013) James B. Mowry et al.   CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

Relationship between metformin use, vitamin B12 deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia and vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes

(2013) Yuka Sato et al.   ENDOCRINE JOURNAL

Metformin-Induced Hemolytic Anemia

(2013) Serap Kirkiz et al.   MEDICAL PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE

The prognostic value of blood pH and lactate and metformin concentrations in severe metformin-associated lactic acidosis

(2013) Farshad Kajbaf et al.   BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology

Evaluation of Vitamin B12 Monitoring in a Veteran Population on Long-Term, High-Dose Metformin Therapy

(2012) Sarah A Pierce et al.   ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY

2011 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS): 29th Annual Report

(2012) Alvin C. Bronstein et al.   CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

Recommendations for diagnosis and management of metformin-induced vitamin B12 (Cbl) deficiency

(2012) Elias E. Mazokopakis et al.   DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE

Toxicokinetics of metformin-associated lactic acidosis with continuous renal replacement therapy

(2012) Muhammad Mujtaba et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DRUG METABOLISM AND PHARMACOKINETICS

Two additional cases of metformin-associated encephalopathy in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis

(2012) Yeo-Jin Kang et al.   Hemodialysis International

Geographic variation in pharmacotherapy decisions for U.S. medicare enrollees with diabetes

(2012) Michael R. Sargen et al.   JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS

Methylene Blue as a Cerebral Metabolic and Hemodynamic Enhancer

(2012) Ai-Ling Lin et al.   PLoS One

Adulteration of herbal antidiabetic products with undeclared pharmaceuticals: a case series in Hong Kong

(2011) Chor Kwan Ching et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Establishment of a Database of Metformin Plasma Concentrations and Erythrocyte Levels in Normal and Emergency Situations

(2011) Jean-Daniel Lalau et al.   CLINICAL DRUG INVESTIGATION

2010 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers’ National Poison Data System (NPDS): 28th Annual Report

(2011) Alvin C. Bronstein et al.   CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

Metformin and digestive disorders

(2011) M. Bouchoucha et al.   DIABETES & METABOLISM

Use of Metformin in the Setting of Mild-to-Moderate Renal Insufficiency

(2011) K. J. Lipska et al.   DIABETES CARE

Metformin-associated lactic acidosis following acute kidney injury. Efficacious treatment with continuous renal replacement therapy

(2011) S. Dichtwald et al.   DIABETIC MEDICINE

Dialysis therapy for lactic acidosis caused by metformin intoxication: presentation of two cases

(2011) Yasemin Usul Soyoral et al.   HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY

Alternative Mitochondrial Electron Transfer as a Novel Strategy for Neuroprotection

(2011) Yi Wen et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Management of Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis by Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

(2011) Geoffray Keller et al.   PLoS One

Prolonged Hemodialysis for Severe Metformin Intoxication

(2011) Stephen I. Rifkin et al.   RENAL FAILURE

The MALAdy of Metformin Poisoning: Is CVVH the Cure?

(2010) Anna Maria Arroyo et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THERAPEUTICS

Hepatotoxicity Associated with Metformin Therapy in Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

(2010) Catherine J Cone et al.   ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY

2009 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 27th Annual Report

(2010) Alvin C. Bronstein et al.   CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

Acute Metformin Overdose: Examining Serum pH, Lactate Level, and Metformin Concentrations in Survivors Versus Nonsurvivors: A Systematic Review of the Literature

(2009) Damon M. Dell'Aglio et al.   ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE

Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: A prognostic and therapeutic study*

(2009) Alexandre Seidowsky et al.   CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

Metformin-induced encephalopathy without lactic acidosis in a patient with contraindication for metformin

(2009) Eun Young JUNG et al.   Hemodialysis International

Impact of acute kidney injury on metformin-associated lactic acidosis

(2009) Yao-Ko Wen   INTERNATIONAL UROLOGY AND NEPHROLOGY

Toxicity and toxicokinetics of metformin in rats

(2009) Michael P. Quaile et al.   TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY

Metformin, Sulfonylureas, or Other Antidiabetes Drugs and the Risk of Lactic Acidosis or Hypoglycemia: A nested case-control analysis

(2008) M. Bodmer et al.   DIABETES CARE

Severe metformin intoxication treated with prolonged haemodialyses and plasma exchange

(2008) Ibrahim Turkcuer et al.   European Journal of Emergency Medicine

Adult metformin ingestions reported to Texas poison control centers, 2000–2006

(2008) MB Forrester   HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY

Older age and phenformin therapy: a dangerous association

(2008) Filippo Luca Fimognari et al.   Internal and Emergency Medicine

Metformin Overdose With a Resultant Serum pH of 6.59: Survival Without Sequalae

(2008) Damon M. Dell'Aglio et al.   JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE

Occult Metformin Toxicity in Three Patients with Profound Lactic Acidosis

(2008) Jeanmarie Perrone et al.   JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE

Bicarbonate Therapy in Severe Metabolic Acidosis

(2008) S. Sabatini et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY