Article
Engineering, Chemical
Francesco Destro, Massimiliano Barolo, Zoltan K. Nagy
Summary: This study presents a process control framework for a continuous carousel that improves consistency in product quality and increases productivity. The proposed control system outperforms simpler methods and open-loop operation, proving the benefits of closed-loop control and model-based techniques in pharmaceutical manufacturing.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Or Galant, Giacomo Cerfeda, Aaron S. McCalmont, Stuart L. James, Andrea Porcheddu, Francesco Delogu, Deborah E. Crawford, Evelina Colacino, Sabrina Spatari
Summary: The scale-up of mechanochemical methods has the potential to make manufacturing processes in the pharmaceutical industry greener by eliminating the use of solvents. The study evaluates the sustainability and green chemistry metrics for producing nitrofurantoin via mechanochemical continuous twin-screw extrusion and conventional solvent-batch synthesis methods. The results show significant reductions in energy, climate change, and cost for the mechanochemical method, while maintaining high product selectivity.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
U. Holzgrabe
Summary: The presence of N-nitrosodialkylamines in pharmaceutical ingredients and drug products has raised concerns about the quality of drugs. It has been discovered that the quality control tests specified in international pharmacopoeias may not be sufficient. These N-nitrosodialkylamines are not limited by compendial tests, but by the ICH guideline M7 due to their mutagenic properties. Nitrosamine impurities related to the drug substances have been detected during the risk assessment process required by regulatory authorities. This review focuses on the formation, toxicity, and mitigation of these N-nitrosodialkylamine impurities.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tyler J. Lark, Nathan P. Hendricks, Aaron Smith, Nicholas Pates, Seth A. Spawn-Lee, Matthew Bougie, Eric G. Booth, Christopher J. Kucharik, Holly K. Gibbs
Summary: This study evaluates the realized effects of the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) in the United States through econometric analyses, land use observations, and biophysical models. The findings show that the RFS policy increased corn and crop prices, expanded corn cultivation and cropland, raised fertilizer use and water quality degradants, and resulted in higher carbon intensity of corn ethanol compared to gasoline. These tradeoffs need to be considered when making decisions about renewable energy policies and the role of corn ethanol in climate mitigation goals.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mark Honti, Marton Zsugyel, Carolin Seller, Kathrin Fenner
Summary: This study developed the concept of persistence benchmarking for organic micropollutants in large rivers. By observing the dissipation rates of compounds, the researchers were able to distinguish between fast- and slow-degrading compounds and provide reasonable estimates on system half-lives.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Baljit Kaur, Palwinder Singh
Summary: This study compiles information about the application of the epoxide functional group in medicinal compounds and biochemical probes, and explores the related advantages and challenges. It also analyzes the strategies that have been adopted for the successful development of epoxide-based compounds within drug discovery programs.
BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anand S. Burange, Sameh M. Osman, Rafael Luque
Summary: This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of flow chemistry in today's scenario and recent developments in flow devices. It primarily focuses on the recent advancements in the flow synthesis of pharmaceutically important products in the last five years, as well as the critical steps and new developments in the flow synthesis of selected compounds.
Article
Thermodynamics
Vojtech Stejfa, Vaclav Pokorny, Alex Mathers, Kvetoslav Ruzicka, Michal Fulem
Summary: This study determined the condensed-phase heat capacities of selected pharmaceutical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using calorimetry, and found significant discrepancies and errors in previously published literature data. The research also investigated the heat capacities of supercooled liquid and the phase behavior of carbamazepine, revealing lower thermal stability than previously thought.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Stefan Simic, Erna Zukic, Luca Schmermund, Kurt Faber, Christoph K. Winkler, Wolfgang Kroutil
Summary: Biocatalysis, using enzymes for organic synthesis, is a powerful tool for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Developments in molecular biology methods have led to the rapid development of process-stable enzymes through directed evolution. Enzymes are widely employed in the synthesis of small molecule APIs, enabling more efficient and sustainable routes.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Julia L. Shamshina, Robin D. Rogers
Summary: This Review summarizes the advances in active pharmaceutical ingredient ionic liquids (API-ILs) over the last 15 years, focusing on their synthesis, characterization, and pharmaceutical applications. The article highlights the challenges and prospects in translating API-ILs into pharmaceutical manufacturing.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mina Zare, Karolina Dziemidowicz, Gareth R. Williams, Seeram Ramakrishna
Summary: Electrospinning is a cost-effective and powerful method for producing nanofibers using a polymer solution and strong electric field, with applications in diverse biological and medical fields. It is particularly promising for manufacturing drug delivery systems due to its large surface area, controllable properties, and high biocompatibility. Electrospinning can improve solubility, bioavailability, and drug targeting, and has also been successful in encapsulating nutraceuticals, such as probiotics.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jalal N. Jeber, Nagham S. Turkey
Summary: An optoelectronic flow-through detector has been developed for active ingredients determination in pharmaceutical formulations, showing excellent analytical results and offering significant value in quality control analysis for industrial applications, particularly in the successful development and validation of a method for warfarin determination. The system is semi-mechanized, cost-effective, and capable of conducting 60 tests per hour on warfarin samples, with high accuracy and correlation with official methods.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiying Wu, Quangang Zhu, Zhongjian Chen, Wei Wu, Yi Lu, Jianping Qi
Summary: Ionic liquids are widely used in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields as solvents or permeation enhancers, with increasing focus on optimizing the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients through ILs technology. Converting APIs into ILs has shown great potential for drug delivery, improving properties and availability of drugs.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Angel Cores, Jose Clerigue, Emmanuel Orocio-Rodriguez, J. Carlos Menendez
Summary: Multicomponent reactions have been widely employed in compound library construction and offer significant advantages in target-oriented synthesis.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Jiahua Guo, Jingya Ren, Chao Chang, Qiannan Duan, Jun Li, Mirella Kanerva, Fangshe Yang, Jiezhang Mo
Summary: Concerns have been raised about the ecotoxicological effects of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) on aquatic invertebrates in the last decade. This study conducted a thorough literature review to summarize the ecotoxicological data of APIs tested on various invertebrates. Different therapeutic classes of APIs showed varying levels of toxicity to crustaceans, and the sensitivity towards exposure differed between species. The study also highlighted the need for further research on the multigenerational effects and toxic mechanisms of APIs on freshwater crustaceans' endocrine systems.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)