Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Stavros P. Papadakos, Konstantinos Arvanitakis, Ioanna E. Stergiou, Christos Vallilas, Stavros Sougioultzis, Georgios Germanidis, Stamatios Theocharis
Summary: This study discusses the significance of chronic inflammation in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and explores the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as well as the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in chronic liver disease and HCC. Furthermore, it delves into the therapeutic potential of EVs in modulating the TLR4 pathway for the treatment of HCC.
Review
Immunology
Shota Torigoe, Charles R. Schutt, Sho Yamasaki
Summary: This review discusses how immune receptors recognize lipid components to initiate immune responses, and explores the role of C-type lectin receptors in promoting immune responses, as well as the importance of inhibitory C-type lectin receptors in self and pathogen evasion strategies.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Xuanzhi Zhu, Hanyao Huang, Lei Zhao
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a chronic artery disease, and periodontitis is a risk factor for it. There is a molecular pathological mechanism connecting the two conditions.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Katia Boniface, Thierry Passeron, Julien Seneschal, Meri K. Tulic
Summary: The process leading to melanocyte loss in vitiligo involves multiple factors such as environmental triggers, genetic polymorphisms, metabolic alterations, and autoimmunity. This review emphasizes on how danger signals released by stressed epidermal cells can trigger the immune system, ultimately leading to melanocyte disappearance.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Hengben Zhai, Jinming Zhang, Dabao Shang, Chuanwu Zhu, Xiaogang Xiang
Summary: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe syndrome characterized by acute liver dysfunction following an acute insult on the basis of chronic liver diseases, often accompanied by bacterial infection and multi-organ failure. Lack of suitable animal models has hindered the progress of basic research on ACLF.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaohui Liu, Ning Jiang, Wenxia Zhou
Summary: Research shows that the activation of microglia and its metabolic changes in response to different stimuli are important in neuroinflammation associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Targeting cellular metabolism can alter the morphology and functionality of microglia, offering potential applications in treating AD.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Huanyou Sun, Wenwen Hu, Yinan Yan, Zichun Zhang, Yuxin Chen, Xuefan Yao, Ling Teng, Xinyuan Wang, Dafei Chai, Junnian Zheng, Gang Wang
Summary: Immunotherapy for cancer has gained attention, with tumor vaccines showing potential. Adjuvants and antigens in tumor vaccines determine safety and efficacy, with existing adjuvants causing strong immune responses but potentially severe side effects. Pathogen-associated and damage-associated molecular patterns are being explored as new adjuvants, needing further research for potential use.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bryan Oronsky, Scott Caroen, Tony Reid
Summary: Inflammation is an overused and vague term in medicine. Although it is often seen as a negative and out-of-control response, the importance of inflammation to health and survival is frequently overlooked. Defining inflammation precisely helps in better managing it.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Ireri Alejandra Carbajal-Valenzuela, Rosario Guzman-Cruz, Mario M. Gonzalez-Chavira, Gabriela Medina-Ramos, Luz Maria Serrano-Jamaica, Irineo Torres-Pacheco, Lucia Vazquez, Ana Angelica Feregrino-Perez, Enrique Rico-Garcia, Ramon Gerardo Guevara-Gonzalez
Summary: This study explores the response of tomato plants to different DNA treatments and measures various enzyme activities and substance contents. The results suggest that self-DNA application in young plants is the most effective, and the measured variables are correlated with specific metabolic pathways markers.
Article
Plant Sciences
Victoria Pastor, Raquel Cervero, Jordi Gamir
Summary: Plant cells perceive pathogen invasion by recognizing extracellular signals. The extracellular recognition of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) and Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) leads to similar intracellular signaling, but the specific immune responses vary depending on the molecules' origins.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Trim Lajqi, Natascha Koestlin-Gille, Reinhard Bauer, Sotirios G. Zarogiannis, Esra Lajqi, Valdrina Ajeti, Stefanie Dietz, Simon A. Kranig, Jessica Ruehle, Ardian Demaj, Janine Hebel, Maria Bartosova, David Frommhold, Hannes Hudalla, Christian Gille
Summary: For almost a century, memory functions were believed to belong to acquired immune cells. However, recent studies have challenged this paradigm, revealing that innate immune cells also possess memory-like features (known as trained immunity). On the other hand, endotoxin tolerance, a state of immunosuppression in myeloid cells, reduces their inflammatory capacity. Both trained immunity and endotoxin tolerance are accompanied by epigenetic and metabolic changes in cells. Inappropriate induction of these adaptive cues can promote susceptibility to secondary infections or contribute to the progression of inflammatory disorders.
Review
Hematology
Saravanan Subramaniam, Hema Kothari, Markus Bosmann
Summary: Micro-and macro-thrombi in arteries and veins of critically ill COVID-19 patients highlight the occurrence of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. Tissue factor (TF) may play a significant role in COVID-19 patients, with proinflammatory cytokines possibly triggering abnormal TF expression and coagulation activation.
THROMBOSIS RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adrian Povo-Retana, Rodrigo Landauro-Vera, Marco Farinas, Sergio Sanchez-Garcia, Carlota Alvarez-Lucena, Silvia Marin, Marta Cascante, Lisardo Bosca
Summary: Macrophages are vital for both maintaining the balance of healthy organs and defending against pathogens after tissue injury. These cells have different gene expressions, immune functions, and metabolic phenotypes, enabling their involvement in various stages of the inflammatory reaction. Phenotypic differences in macrophages are also observed across different tissues and mammalian species. Although macrophages primarily rely on glycolysis for metabolism, the polarisation and activation of these cells affect their metabolic fluxes. This metabolic and cellular plasticity provides an opportunity to modulate macrophage activity to prevent detrimental effects.
BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Noelia Ferrusquia-Jimenez, Luz M. Serrano-Jamaica, Joel E. Martinez-Camacho, Diana Saenz de la O, Ana L. Villagomez-Aranda, Mario M. Gonzalez-Chavira, Brenda Z. Guerrero-Aguilar, Irineo Torres-Pacheco, Ana A. Feregrino-Perez, Gabriela Medina-Ramos, Ramon G. Guevara-Gonzalez
Summary: This study investigates the effect of self-eDNA on the pathogen P. capsici and its potential use for protecting crops. The results show that P. capsici can sense self-eDNA and induce stress-related responses, but applying P. capsici eDNA on chilli pepper plants does not provide significant protection against the pathogen. However, lower concentrations of eDNA can reduce disease severity and enhance plant immunity.
Article
Immunology
Lexiao Li, Yu Chen, Madison N. Sluter, Ruida Hou, Jiukuan Hao, Yin Wu, Guo-Yun Chen, Ying Yu, Jianxiong Jiang
Summary: In this study, the researchers reveal the anti-inflammatory role of Siglec-E in microglial activation and its neuroprotective effects in brain injuries. They found that the deficiency of Siglec-E exacerbates neuronal death and brain infarcts, and Siglec-E expression is significantly induced following brain ischemia-reperfusion. These findings suggest that Siglec-E plays a crucial role in immune regulation and self-repair in the brain.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
