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Role of GSK3 signaling in neuronal morphogenesis

FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE (2011)

Journal

FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE

Volume 4, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION

DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2011.00048

Keywords

glycogen synthase kinase 3; neuronal polarity; axon growth; axon branching; microtubules; growth cone

Categories

Neurosciences

Funding

NIH [R01NS064288, R01NS050968]
Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [R01NS050968, R01NS064288] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER

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Abstract

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is emerging as a key regulator of several aspects of neuronal morphogenesis including neuronal polarization, axon growth, and axon branching. Multiple signaling pathways have been identified that control neuronal polarization, including PI3K, Rho-GTPases, Par3/6, TSC mTOR, and PKA LKB1. However, how these pathways are coordinated is not clear. As GSK3 signaling exhibits crosstalk with each of these pathways it has the potential to integrate these polarity signals in the control neuronal polarization. After neurons establish polarity, GSK3 acts as an important signaling mediator in the regulation of axon extension and axon branching by transducing upstream signaling to reorganization of the axonal cytoskeleton, especially microtubules. Here we review the roles of GSK3 signaling in neuronal morphogenesis and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms.

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