Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Radu Sascau, Alexandra Clement, Rodica Radu, Cristina Prisacariu, Cristian Statescu
Summary: While targeting elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol has been the main focus of atherosclerosis prevention and treatment for decades, the relationship between hypertriglyceridemia and atherosclerosis remains controversial. Recent studies suggest a complex interplay between triglycerides and atherosclerosis, warranting further research.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anette Varbo, Borge G. Nordestgaard
Summary: The study found that high directly measured remnant cholesterol is associated with increased risk of ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction. Directly measured remnant cholesterol is superior to calculated remnant cholesterol in identifying individuals at increased risk.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anette Varbo, Borge G. Nordestgaard
Summary: This study found that high directly measured remnant cholesterol is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and direct measurement of remnant cholesterol is superior in identifying individuals at increased risk compared to calculated remnant cholesterol.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Juan Moreno-Vedia, Roser Rosales, Enrique Ozcariz, Didac Llop, Maribel Lahuerta, Maria Benavent, Ricardo Rodriguez-Calvo, Nuria Plana, Angels Pedragosa, Lluis Masana, Antoni Castro, Daiana Ibarretxe, Josefa Girona
Summary: This study used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to investigate the relationship between triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and acute-phase glycoprotein profiles with fatty liver in patients with metabolic diseases. The study found a strong positive correlation between triglyceride-rich lipoprotein concentrations and acute-phase glycoproteins, as well as liver function-related proteins. The results also showed that baseline triglyceride-rich lipoprotein numbers and glycoprotein levels were associated with the development of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease during a 10-year follow-up period.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Henry N. Ginsberg, Chris J. Packard, M. John Chapman, Jan Boren, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Maurizio Averna, Brian A. Ference, Daniel Gaudet, Robert A. Hegele, Sander Kersten, Gary F. Lewis, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Philippe Moulin, Borge G. Nordestgaard, Alan T. Remaley, Bart Staels, Erik S. G. Stroes, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Lale S. Tokgozoglu, Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen, Jane K. Stock, Alberico L. Catapano
Summary: Recent research supports a causal association between triglycerides, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, and their remnants with cardiovascular diseases, emphasizing the importance of focusing on their impact on heart health. Targeting levels of triglycerides and their remnants may potentially reduce the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Henry N. Ginsberg, Chris J. Packard, M. John Chapman, Jan Boren, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Maurizio Averna, Brian A. Ference, Daniel Gaudet, Robert A. Hegele, Sander Kersten, Gary F. Lewis, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Philippe Moulin, Borge G. Nordestgaard, Alan T. Remaley, Bart Staels, Erik S. G. Stroes, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Lale S. Tokgozoglu, Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen, Jane K. Stock, Alberico L. Catapano
Summary: This article reviews the impact of triglycerides and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins on cardiovascular disease risk, emphasizing that reducing levels of TRL and their remnants can help reduce the risk of ASCVD.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Takahito Doi, Anne Langsted, Borge G. Nordestgaard
Summary: The study examined whether elevated remnant cholesterol could appropriately reclassify individuals who later experienced myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease, and found that the addition of elevated remnant cholesterol levels significantly improved the risk prediction for these conditions.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Juan Moreno-Vedia, Didac Llop, Ricardo Rodriguez-Calvo, Nuria Plana, Nuria Amigo, Roser Rosales, Yaiza Esteban, Lluis Masana, Daiana Ibarretxe, Josefa Girona
Summary: This study aimed to analyze the lipidome modifications of TRL particles enriched in TG in patients with hyperlipidemia and investigate their associations with a proinflammatory status. The results showed that higher TRL-TG levels were associated with higher circulating levels of glycoproteins. In vitro experiments demonstrated that TRL particles with higher cholesterol and phospholipid contents exerted a stronger proinflammatory effect.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Masami Shimizu-Albergine, Debapriya Basu, Jenny E. Kanter, Farah Kramer, Vishal Kothari, Shelley Barnhart, Carissa Thornock, Adam E. Mullick, Noemie Clouet-Foraison, Tomas Vaisar, Jay W. Heinecke, Robert A. Hegele, Ira J. Goldberg, Karin E. Bornfeldt
Summary: Loss-of-function mutations in CREBH are associated with severe hypertriglyceridemia in humans, but in a mouse model of T1DM, increased liver expression of active CREBH normalized elevated plasma triglycerides and cholesterol levels. APOE plays a critical role in CREBH’s ability to reduce circulating remnant lipoproteins, and elevated levels of remnants may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in T1DM.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Selin Bilgic, Alan T. Remaley, Allan D. Sniderman
Summary: The contribution of triglyceride-rich apoB lipoprotein particles (TRL) to cardiovascular risk remains controversial. Recent research suggests that the risk associated with TRL cholesterol is greater, and independent of, the risk associated with apoB. However, these findings are inconsistent with other evidence. This study provides a better understanding of the determinants of cholesterol content in TRL apoB particles and the complex processing of cholesterol among plasma lipoproteins.
CURRENT OPINION IN LIPIDOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yijun Yang, Justin Kurian, Giana Schena, Jaslyn Johnson, Hajime Kubo, Joshua G. Travers, Chunya Kang, Anna Maria Lucchese, Deborah M. Eaton, Maoting Lv, Na Li, Lorianna G. Leynes, Daohai Yu, Fengzhen Yang, Timothy A. McKinsey, Raj Kishore, Mohsin Khan, Sadia Mohsin, Steven R. Houser
Summary: The study suggests that metabolic syndrome in obese pregnant women may lead to pathological cardiac remodeling, increasing the risk of chronic heart disorders.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Loren Skudder-Hill, Ivana R. Sequeira-Bisson, Juyeon Ko, Jaelim Cho, Sally D. Poppitt, Maxim S. Petrov
Summary: This study investigated the associations between components of the lipid panel and intra-pancreatic fat deposition. Linear regression analysis revealed that remnant cholesterol and triglyceride levels were positively associated, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was negatively associated with intra-pancreatic fat deposition. These findings provide new opportunities for improving cardiovascular outcomes in individuals with normal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by reducing intra-pancreatic fat deposition.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Aleesha Shaik, Robert S. Rosenson
Summary: Even with aggressive lowering of LDL-C, there is still a residual risk of CVD. High triglycerides have been associated with increased CVD risk independently of LDL-C. New genetics-guided pharmacotherapies have been developed to reduce levels of triglycerides and TGRLs in order to reduce the risk of CVD.
CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Maria Lucia Souza Siqueira, Sara Michelli Vieira Andrade, Jose Luiz Fernandes Vieira, Marta Chagas Monteiro
Summary: The long-term use of tamoxifen in breast cancer patients can affect lipid metabolism, but the relationship between blood lipids and the plasma concentrations of tamoxifen and its active metabolites is not significant. Weak associations were found between the plasma concentrations of tamoxifen and the active metabolites with HDL-c, LDL-c, and VLDL-c.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Carolina Castro Porto Silva Janovsky, Marcio Sommer Bittencourt, Alessandra C. Goulart, Raul D. Santos, Michael J. Blaha, Steven Jones, Peter P. Toth, Paulo A. Lotufo, Isabela M. Bensenor
Summary: Subclinical thyroid disorders are associated with atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular risk. The study found that subclinical hypothyroidism is related to very small and very large TRLPs, which have an unfavorable atherogenic profile. Subclinical hyperthyroidism, on the other hand, is associated with lower levels of very small TRLPs.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
M. Kupreeva, A. Diane, R. Lehner, R. Watts, M. Ghosh, S. Proctor, D. Vine
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Melanie A. Fontaine, Abdoulaye Diane, Vijay P. Singh, Rabban Mangat, Jacqueline A. Krysa, Randy Nelson, Benjamin P. Willing, Spencer D. Proctor
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jacqueline A. Krysa, Donna F. Vine, Lawrence J. Beilin, Sally Burrows, Rae-Chi Huang, Trevor A. Mori, Spencer D. Proctor
Review
Food Science & Technology
Payam Vahmani, Eric N. Ponnampalam, Jana Kraft, Cletos Mapiye, Emma N. Bermingham, Peter J. Watkins, Spencer D. Proctor, Michael E. R. Dugan
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jesus M. Pradillo, Macarena Hernandez-Jimenez, Maria E. Fernandez-Valle, Violeta Medina, Juan E. Ortuno, Stuart M. Allan, Spencer D. Proctor, Juan M. Garcia-Segura, Maria J. Ledesma-Carbayo, Andres Santos, Maria A. Moro, Ignacio Lizasoain
Summary: The study found that stroke outcomes and angiogenesis/vasculogenesis in old rats are negatively affected by the co-morbidities present in the corpulent genotype. DCE-MRI may be a useful technique for non-invasive evaluation of vascular function and angiogenesis processes.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Craig Resch, Mihir Parikh, J. Alejandro Austria, Spencer D. Proctor, Thomas Netticadan, Heather Blewett, Grant N. Pierce
Summary: Research indicates that an HFHS diet leads to dysbiosis in the gut microbiota, and gender, diet, and flaxseed supplementation all play a role in influencing the composition and diversity of the microbiota.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mihir Parikh, Branislav Kura, Bhavana Garg, J. Alejandro Austria, Liping Yu, Thane G. Maddaford, Spencer D. Proctor, Thomas Netticadan, Grant N. Pierce
Summary: The research indicates that dietary flaxseed can protect obese rats from myocardial ischemic lesions and reduce the occurrence of cardiac lesions; a high-fat, high-sucrose diet increases the frequency of myocardial ischemic lesions, but dietary flaxseed can lower the frequency of cardiac lesions and improve heart function.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Vijay P. Singh, Melanie A. Fontaine, Rabban Mangat, Janelle M. Fouhse, Abdoulaye Diane, Benjamin P. Willing, Spencer D. Proctor
Summary: High-fat diets can influence gut microbial composition, while beef fat rich in vaccenic acid may have insulin-sensitizing effects, increase HDL cholesterol, reduce postprandial plasma TG, and protect against high-fat diet-induced changes in gut microbial composition in low birth weight pigs. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind natural trans fats' effects on gut dysbiosis.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yongbo She, Rabban Mangat, Sue Tsai, Spencer D. Proctor, Caroline Richard
Summary: Obesity is strongly linked to inflammation, impaired insulin signaling, lipid metabolism, and immune function. Recent research has provided insights into the mechanisms of immune dysfunction in obesity, using various animal and clinical models. Nutritional strategies, particularly those involving choline-rich foods, are emerging as potential ways to improve immune function in the context of obesity.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Edward C. Deehan, Zhengxiao Zhang, Alessandra Riva, Anissa M. Armet, Maria Elisa Perez-Munoz, Nguyen K. Nguyen, Jacqueline A. Krysa, Benjamin Seethaler, Yuan-Yuan Zhao, Janis Cole, Fuyong Li, Bela Hausmann, Andreas Spittler, Julie-Anne Nazare, Nathalie M. Delzenne, Jonathan M. Curtis, Wendy Wismer, Spencer D. Proctor, Jeffrey A. Bakal, Stephan C. Bischoff, Dan Knights, Catherine J. Field, David Berry, Carla M. Prado, Jens Walter
Summary: This study demonstrates the efficacy of purified dietary fibers when used as supplements and suggests that the satiating effects of AX may be linked to bacterial taxa that ferment the fiber or utilize breakdown products.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yongbo She, Kun Wang, Alexander Makarowski, Rabban Mangat, Sue Tsai, Benjamin P. Willing, Spencer D. Proctor, Caroline Richard
Summary: This study investigated the impact of dairy and dairy fat on cardiometabolic risk factors and immune function using a low birthweight swine model. The results showed that consuming high-fat dairy products improved fasting plasma glucose concentrations compared to low-fat dairy, while dairy consumption had a neutral effect on fasting lipid profile. Furthermore, consuming low-fat dairy significantly improved the production of certain cytokines, indicating enhanced immune function.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yongbo She, Kun Wang, Alexander Makarowski, Rabban Mangat, Sue Tsai, Benjamin P. Willing, Spencer D. Proctor, Caroline Richard
Summary: This study investigated the effects of consuming high-fat and low-fat dairy products on postprandial cardiometabolic risk factors and intestinal immune function using a low birthweight swine model. The results showed that dairy consumption, regardless of fat content, did not have an impact on postprandial cardiometabolic risk factors. However, low-fat dairy products were found to significantly improve intestinal T cell function compared to high-fat dairy products in this model of obesity and insulin resistance.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Kun Wang, Yongbo She, Rabban Mangat, Alexander Makarowski, Bimol C. Roy, Heather L. Bruce, Michael K. Dyck, Caroline Richard, Spencer D. Proctor
Summary: Increasing dairy intake can enhance the absorption of fatty acids into pork. Low-birth weight (LBW) swine fed a high-fat diet are susceptible to insulin resistance and excessive lipid absorption, but increasing dairy intake can alleviate these issues. Additionally, increasing dairy intake can increase the healthy fatty acid content in pork and improve carcass lean yield.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Jacqueline A. Krysa, Geoff D. C. Ball, Donna F. Vine, Mary Jetha, Spencer D. Proctor
Summary: This study examined the association between obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in youth, finding that obesity was linked to higher levels of fasting and non-fasting apoB48-remnants compared to non-obese individuals. Additionally, fasting apoB48-remnants were positively correlated with non-fasting apoB48 response as well as other cardiometabolic risk factors, suggesting that they may serve as potential biomarkers for cardiovascular disease risk in youth.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Donna F. Vine, Lawrence J. Beilin, Sally Burrows, Rae-Chi Huang, Martha Hickey, Roger Hart, Spencer D. Proctor, Trevor A. Mori
JOURNAL OF THE ENDOCRINE SOCIETY
(2020)