Article
Immunology
Craig T. Parker, Kerry K. Cooper, Francesca Schiaffino, William G. Miller, Steven Huynh, Hannah K. Gray, Maribel Paredes Olortegui, Paul Garcia Bardales, Dixner Rengifo Trigoso, Pablo Penataro-Yori, Margaret N. Kosek
Summary: Campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, and this study isolated and sequenced two C. jejuni strains from guinea pigs in the Peruvian Amazon, revealing unique genomic features that may be associated with guinea pig host specialization.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Leticia Silva Santos, Daise Aparecida Rossi, Raquelline Figueiredo Braz, Belchiolina Beatriz Fonseca, Micaela Guidotti-Takeuchi, Rosiane Nascimento Alves, Marcelo Emilio Beletti, Hebreia Oliveira Almeida-Souza, Larissa Prado Maia, Paula de Souza Santos, Jessica Brito de Souza, Roberta Torres de Melo
Summary: Despite being considered fragile and fastidious, Campylobacter jejuni is the most prevalent cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis, especially through chicken meat transmission. Extreme stress can induce the acquisition of the viable but not culturable (VBNC) state in C. jejuni, which demonstrates its adaptability and virulence. The presence of transcripts, cell lysis, and specific metabolites in the VBNC form further emphasize the potential danger and difficulty in detection of this latent pathogen.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Lauren K. Hudson, William E. Andershock, Runan Yan, Mugdha Golwalkar, Nkuchia M. M'ikanatha, Irving Nachamkin, Linda S. Thomas, Christina Moore, Xiaorong Qian, Richard Steece, Katie N. Garman, John R. Dunn, Jasna Kovac, Thomas G. Denes
Summary: Campylobacteriosis is the most common bacterial foodborne illness in the United States and this study compared clinical and non-clinical Campylobacter populations from Tennessee and Pennsylvania, identified source attribution patterns through phylogenetic analyses, and identified potential outbreak clusters based on genomic similarity.
Article
Immunology
Claire Leibler, Shinu John, Rebecca A. Elsner, Kayla B. Thomas, Shuchi Smita, Stephen Joachim, Russell C. Levack, Derrick J. Callahan, Rachael A. Gordon, Sheldon Bastacky, Ryutaro Fukui, Kensuke Miyake, Sebastien Gingras, Kevin M. Nickerson, Mark J. Shlomchik
Summary: In lupus, TLR9 has two protective functions: one ligand-independent and MyD88-independent function, and another ligand-dependent but MyD88-independent regulatory and MyD88-mediated proinflammatory function. These functions are B cell intrinsic and restrained differentiation into pathogenic age-associated B cells and plasmablasts. This study sheds light on the biology of endosomal TLRs.
Article
Microbiology
Hengchun Cao, Hanxiao Xu, Chunhui Ning, Li Xiang, Qiufang Ren, Tiantian Zhang, Yusen Zhang, Rui Gao
Summary: This study investigated the pangenome of Campylobacter jejuni, analyzing its virulence genes and potential core vaccine targets. Through experiments and analysis, five core vaccine targets with high antigenicity were identified, which play important roles in the virulence of C. jejuni in different hosts. The findings contribute to the discovery of new vaccine targets and provide a method to prevent multidrug-resistant C. jejuni.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Karina Frahm Kirk, Jeppe Boel, Hans Linde Nielsen
Summary: This case report describes a rare case of osteomyelitis caused by C. jejuni. The patient presented with lower back pain, fever, and diarrhea, and was diagnosed with osteomyelitis through MRI. After surgery and targeted antibiotic treatment, the patient recovered well. The study suggests that C. jejuni should be considered as a possible cause of vertebral osteomyelitis, especially when diarrhea symptoms are present.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Malgorzata Emanowicz, Joseph Meade, Catherine Burgess, Declan Bolton, John Egan, Helen Lynch, Lisa O'Connor, Aidan Coffey, Brigid Lucey, Montserrat Gutierrez, William Byrne, Rosemarie Slowey, Paul Whyte
Summary: Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance testing was conducted on 160 Campylobacter jejuni isolates from broiler samples to determine prevalence and distribution of resistance profiles. Whole genome sequencing of 132 isolates revealed a high correlation between resistant phenotypes and genotypes, with identified resistance determinants including tet(O) genes and gyrA p. T86I mutation. Multiple sequence types (ST) were identified, with ST-257 being prevalent, and virulence genes associated with human infection and broiler colonization were detected.
Article
Immunology
Lai Jiang, Chunchun Yuan, Wenxin Ye, Qixin Huang, Zhuo Chen, Wenzi Wu, Lichun Qian
Summary: This study demonstrates that Akkermansia and butyric and deoxycholic acids are effective in treating colitis caused by C. jejuni.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Sicun Fan, Derek Foster, Shaohua Zhao, Sampa Mukherjee, Yesha Shrestha, Cameron Parsons, Sophia Kathariou
Summary: This study analyzed the genome sequences of Campylobacter jejuni strains that were incubated at different temperatures, and found that temperature variation could result in genome variation in these strains.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hiroki Abe, Kohei Takeoka, Yuto Fuchisawa, Kento Koyama, Shigenobu Koseki
Summary: The development and validation of a novel mechanistic dose-response model for Campylobacter jejuni in this study provides insights into the dynamics of infection probability, considering factors such as food types and host age. The predictive framework demonstrates high accuracy in estimating dose for a certain infection probability compared to previously reported relationships, showing the importance of food type and host age in dose-response dynamics.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yashu Sharma, Roman Sarkar, Ayush Jain, Sudhakar Singh, Chander Shekhar, Chandrasekar Shanmugam, Muthuchelvan Dhanavelu, Prabhakar Tembhurne, Rajeev Kaul, Sharvan Sehrawat
Summary: IFNR KO mice were highly susceptible to PPRV infection, while WT animals effectively controlled the virus. IFNR KO mice gradually lost weight and succumbed to the infection within 10 days. Neutrophils and macrophages played crucial roles in transporting the virus to the central nervous system, while elevated NK and T cell responses were directly correlated with the resolution of PPRV infection in WT animals.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Lv, Jing Zhu, Peihan Wang, Tongyu Liu, Jiang Yuan, Huan Yin, Yiran Lan, Qiang Sun, Zhifeng Zhang, Guoda Ding, Chenxi Zhou, Huajie Wang, Zihan Wang, Yunfu Wang
Summary: This study investigated the therapeutic effect of artemisinin on Parkinson's disease (PD) and the TLR4/Myd88 signaling pathway through cell and animal experiments. The results showed that artemisinin treatment improved behavioral symptoms, increased the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, and decreased microglial cell activation in the PD mouse model. Cell experiments further revealed that artemisinin reduced BV-2 cell activation and inhibited the TLR4/Myd88 signaling pathway. The effect of artemisinin on BV-2 cells was inhibited by the TLR4 activator LPS.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Can Huang, Wenqian Li, Jingyu Chen
Summary: The stringent response is a rapid response system found in bacteria that enables them to sense and adapt to changes in the external environment. The regulators (p)ppGpp and DksA play complex roles in gene regulation, affecting various cellular functions such as motility, antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and metabolic processes. Through gene expression analysis, this study provides insights into the regulatory networks controlled by (p)ppGpp and DksA, shedding light on their involvement in ribosomal synthesis, energy metabolism, amino acid transport and synthesis, as well as chemotaxis in Y. enterocolitica.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kevin D. Clark, Colin Lee, Rhanor Gillette, Jonathan Sweedler
Summary: The study suggests that subtle changes in post-transcriptional modifications may regulate central nervous system plasticity and activity-induced protein synthesis. Using mass spectrometry, researchers found unique RNA modification patterns in neurons during learning processes, with two tRNA modifications showing significantly higher levels in trained animals. This indicates a link between noncoding RNA modifications and non-associative learning.
ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Giovanni Ghielmetti, Helena M. B. Seth-Smith, Tim Roloff, Nicole Cernela, Michael Biggel, Roger Stephan, Adrian Egli
Summary: Campylobacteriosis is the leading cause of acute gastrointestinal bacterial infection in Europe, mainly transmitted through contaminated food. A study in Switzerland analyzed 340 Campylobacter jejuni isolates from patients with gastroenteritis over an 18-year period. The findings showed an increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance and suggested that poultry and general environment are the main sources of infection.
MICROBIAL GENOMICS
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Kiem Oen, Karine Toupin-April, Brian M. Feldman, Roberta A. Berard, Cia'ran M. Duffy, Lori B. Tucker, Jiahao Tian, Dax G. Rumsey, Jaime Guzman
Summary: This study validates the JIA parent global assessment as a valid measure of health-related quality of life. Comparisons with other HRQoL measures show good construct validity. However, reliability estimates and measurement errors were unsatisfactory, likely due to the time interval between assessments. Causal pathway analysis confirms previous findings.
Article
Allergy
Kathleen A. Lee-Sarwar, Yih-Chieh Chen, Yuan Yao Chen, Anita L. Kozyrskyj, Piush J. Mandhane, Stuart E. Turvey, Padmaja Subbarao, Hans Bisgaard, Jakob Stokholm, Bo Chawes, Soren J. Sorensen, Rachel S. Kelly, Jessica Lasky-Su, Robert S. Zeiger, George T. O'Connor, Megan T. Sandel, Leonard B. Bacharier, Avraham Beigelman, Vincent J. Carey, Benjamin J. Harshfield, Nancy Laranjo, Diane R. Gold, Scott T. Weiss, Augusto A. Litonjua
Summary: This study found associations between prenatal and early-life fecal microbiomes and childhood asthma phenotypes. Cesarean section was found to increase the risk of early asthma.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kevin Tsai, Caixia Ma, Xiao Han, Joannie Allaire, Genelle R. Lunken, Shauna M. Crowley, Hongbing Yu, Kevan Jacobson, Lijun Xia, John J. Priatel, Bruce A. Vallance
Summary: This article introduces a flow cytometry-based method of measuring intestinal permeability. By detecting orally gavaged ovalbumin (OVA) leaking from the gut and using minute blood samples collected from the tail vein, it allows for repeated testing of the same animal at multiple time points to measure intestinal permeability. The OVA assay shows high sensitivity and effectiveness compared to current methods.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wenjie Shi, Kaixin Peng, Hongbing Yu, Zi Wang, Shuhong Xia, Siqi Xiao, Dean Tian, Bruce A. Vallance, Qin Yu
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated disease. Autotaxin (ATX) is associated with increased inflammatory molecules, however, its effect on IBD is not well understood. This study aimed to explore the possible mechanisms of ATX affecting autophagy leading to the disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier, thereby exacerbating colitis. The results showed that ATX can inhibit autophagy through the mTOR pathway, resulting in exaggerated damage to the intestinal epithelial barrier during colitis. These findings suggest that ATX may be a key pro-colitic factor, and represent a potential therapeutic target for treating IBD in the future.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alexandra E. Livanos, Alexandra Dunn, Jeremy Fischer, Ryan C. Ungaro, Williams Turpin, Sun -Ho Lee, Shumin Rui, Diane Marie Del Valle, Julia J. Jougon, Gustavo Martinez-Delgado, Mark S. Riddle, Joseph A. Murray, Renee M. Laird, Joana Torres, Manasi Agrawal, Jared S. Magee, Thierry Dervieux, Sacha Gnjatic, Dean Sheppard, Bruce E. Sands, Chad K. Poster, Kenneth Croitoru, Francesca Petralia, Jean-Frederic Colombel, Saurabh Mehandru
Summary: This study found that anti-integrin avfi6 autoantibodies are present in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and are associated with disease development and outcomes before diagnosis. These findings suggest that anti-avfi6 antibodies may be a useful biomarker for prediction and prognosis of UC.
Letter
Immunology
Amie L. Nguyen, Henry E. Lu, Stuart E. Turvey, Andrew Snow
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Johan L. Vinther, Tim Cadman, Demetris Avraam, Claus T. Ekstrom, Thorkild I. A. Sorensen, Ahmed Elhakeem, Ana C. Santos, Angela Pinot de Moira, Barbara Heude, Carmen Iniguez, Costanza Pizzi, Elinor Simons, Ellis Voerman, Eva Corpeleijn, Faryal Zariouh, Gilian Santorelli, Hazel M. Inskip, Henrique Barros, Jennie Carson, Jennifer R. Harris, Johanna L. Nader, Justiina Ronkainen, Katrine Strandberg-Larsen, Loreto Santa-Marina, Lucinda Calas, Luise Cederkvist, Maja Popovic, Marie-Aline Charles, Marieke Welten, Martine J. Vrijheid, Meghan Azad, Padmaja Subbarao, Paul Burton, Puishkumar J. Mandhane, Rae-Chi Huang, Rebecca C. Wilson, Sido Haakma, Silvia Fernandez-Barres, Stuart Turvey, Susana Santos, Suzanne C. Tough, Sylvain Sebert, Theo J. Moraes, Theodosia Salika, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, Deborah A. Lawlor, Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen
Summary: This study found that gestational age is positively associated with body size in infancy, but the association weakens with age. By adolescence, preterm individuals have a similar mean BMI to those born at term.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Maggie P. Fu, Sarah M. Merrill, Mehul Sharma, William T. Gibson, Stuart E. Turvey, Michael S. Kobor
Summary: Rare diseases (RDs), with a genetic origin in over 80% of cases, affect approximately 350 million people worldwide. Next-generation sequencing technology has accelerated the discovery of novel RDs and improved their diagnosis. Rare diseases of epigenetic origin (RDEOs) pose unique challenges due to complex genetics, clinical heterogeneity, and difficulties in understanding pathophysiology. However, innovative solutions and new techniques will shed light on these disorders and lead to the discovery of treatments and diagnostic biomarkers, improving health outcomes for affected patients.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xin Zhao, Sarah L. Bridgman, Kelsea M. Drall, Hein M. Tun, Piush J. Mandhane, Theo J. Moraes, Elinor Simons, Stuart E. Turvey, Padmaja Subbarao, James A. Scott, Anita L. Kozyrskyj
Summary: The study found that infant vitamin D supplementation may affect gut microbiota and their metabolites, specifically fecal glycerol and 1,2-propanediol concentrations. Vitamin D supplementation was associated with higher levels of 1,2-propanediol and lower levels of fecal glycerol after adjustment for other factors. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation observed between fecal 1,2-propanediol and glycerol concentrations.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuan Yao Chen, Hein M. Tun, Catherine J. Field, Piushkumar J. Mandhane, Theo J. Moraes, Elinor Simons, Stuart E. Turvey, Padmaja Subbarao, James A. Scott, Anita L. Kozyrskyj
Summary: A study on 1017 Canadian full-term infants revealed that cesarean section had a negative impact on infant gut SIgA levels, which was mediated through gut microbiota and metabolites. Additionally, breastfeeding status and milk metabolites also played a role in mediating this effect.
Article
Cell Biology
Mackenzie W. Gutierrez, Emily M. Mercer, Shirin Moossavi, Isabelle Laforest-Lapointe, Myrtha E. Reyna, Allan B. Becker, Elinor Simons, Piush J. Mandhane, Stuart E. Turvey, Theo J. Moraes, Malcolm R. Sears, Padmaja Subbarao, Meghan B. Azad, Marie-Claire Arrieta
Summary: This study examines the relationship between the gut mycobiome and childhood obesity in 100 infants. It finds that an increase in fungal richness during the first year of life is linked to parental and infant BMI. The relationship is influenced by factors such as maternal BMI, maternal diet, antibiotic exposure, and bacterial diversity. Certain fungal species are also associated with early-life BMI. The study suggests that including fungi in pediatric microbiome studies is important.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yao Li, Jie Wang, Yaru Li, Jiajia Luo, Fang Liu, Tiantian Chen, Yuting Ji, Hong Yang, Zheng Wang, Yanjun Zhao
Summary: This study developed chiral polymer micelles to inhibit and alleviate uncontrolled inflammation. By mimicking the structure of cell membranes, these polymers enhanced hydrophobicity, prolonged membrane retention, and improved lipid radical trapping. In experiments, the chiral polymer micelles effectively suppressed ferroptosis and inflammatory cytokines, providing an innovative approach to attenuating uncontrolled inflammation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiali Liu, Huasheng Zhang, Huiqiang Ma, Jiameng Gong, Kaifeng Huang, Lu Wang, Yuting Ji, Liya Sun, Xiaoyu Wang, Li Li, Lei Shen, Shan-Yu Fung, Hong Yang
Summary: Asthma is a complex respiratory disease categorized into eosinophilic and neutrophilic asthma. While glucocorticoid therapy is effective for eosinophilic asthma, there is no effective treatment for neutrophilic asthma. Studies have shown the involvement of M1 macrophages in the pathophysiology of neutrophilic asthma.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Darlene L. Y. Dai, Charisse Petersen, Courtney Hoskinson, Kate L. Del Bel, Allan B. Becker, Theo J. Moraes, Piushkumar J. Mandhane, B. Brett Finlay, Elinor Simons, Anita L. Kozyrskyj, David M. Patrick, Padmaja Subbarao, Lars Bode, Meghan B. Azad, Stuart E. Turvey
Summary: Early antibiotic exposure disrupts the infant gut microbiome and increases pediatric asthma risk. Breastfeeding has a modulating effect on the gut microbiome, but its influence on asthma development is still unclear.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qiaochu Liang, Caixia Ma, Shauna M. Crowley, Joannie M. Allaire, Xiao Han, Raymond W. W. Chong, Nicolle H. Packer, Hong Bing Yu, Bruce A. Vallance
Summary: Enteric bacterial pathogens, such as Citrobacter rodentium, are able to adapt to the host's intestinal environment through metabolizing sialic acid derived from mucins and utilizing it as a carbon source for growth. The bacteria also sense and display chemotactic activity toward sialic acid. Sialic acid induces the secretion of autotransporter proteins, Pic and EspC, which enhance the bacteria's ability to degrade intestinal mucus and adhere to epithelial cells.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)