Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Gemma Salvado, Marta Mila-Aloma, Mahnaz Shekari, Nicholas J. Ashton, Gregory Operto, Carles Falcon, Raffaele Cacciaglia, Carolina Minguillon, Karine Fauria, Aida Ninerola-Baizan, Andres Perissinotti, Andrea L. Benedet, Gwendlyn Kollmorgen, Ivonne Suridjan, Norbert Wild, Jose Luis Molinuevo, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Marc Suarez-Calvet, Juan Domingo Gispert
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between GFAP and reactive astrogliosis with glucose consumption. The results showed that plasma GFAP was positively associated with glucose consumption in the whole brain, while CSF GFAP was only associated with glucose uptake in specific smaller areas. These associations persisted after accounting for Aβ pathology, but became negative in Aβ and tau-positive participants in similar areas of AD-related hypometabolism.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Yuki Shimizu, Takashi Kawasaki
Summary: The study compared the neural stem cell responses and regenerative capacity in the optic tectum of adult medaka and zebrafish after injury, finding limited neuronal generation and scar formation in injured medaka. This suggests that adult medaka brain has low regenerative capacity and represents an attractive model for investigating critical factors for brain regeneration.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Belen Cieri, Alejandro Villarreal, Dante Daniel Gomez-Cuautle, Ingrid Mailing, Alberto Javier Ramos
Summary: Astrocytes play a vital role in maintaining neuronal physiology in the central nervous system. After brain injury, reactive astrocytes undergo morphological and gene expression changes. Highly reactive clusters of astrocytes are associated with behavioral alterations, microgliosis, and neuronal loss at 7 dpi. Controlling the expansion of these highly reactive astrocyte clusters could potentially reduce neuronal loss and neuroinflammation in the injured brain.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luca Steardo, Luca Steardo, Caterina Scuderi
Summary: COVID-19 activates a significant reactive response of glial cells, which play a crucial role in controlling inflammation, protection, and regeneration. However, in some patients, the physiological state of glial cells fails to recover, resulting in specific neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with COVID-19.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Ruqayya Afridi, Md Habibur Rahman, Kyoungho Suk
Summary: Glial cells play a crucial role in maintaining brain homeostasis and defending against inflammation. Metabolic disturbances and chronic neuroinflammation contribute to the activation of glial cells and exacerbate neurodegenerative processes.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Esperanza Mata-Martinez, Mauricio Diaz-Munoz, Francisco G. Vazquez-Cuevas
Summary: Inflammation is a crucial defense mechanism in the body, but chronic activation can lead to various pathological processes. The nervous system is a key focus in the study of inflammation, and understanding the regulation of inflammasomes in the central nervous system is essential for innovation in treatments.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Shuo Kong, Tao-xiang Chen, Xiang-lei Jia, Xue-lei Cheng, Meng-liu Zeng, Jing-yi Liang, Xiao-hua He, Jun Yin, Song Han, Wan-hong Liu, Yuan-teng Fan, Ting Zhou, Yu-min Liu, Bi-wen Peng
Summary: NFIA upregulation in the hippocampal region is astrocyte-specific and primarily promotes detrimental actions of reactive astrocyte. NFIA deficiency efficiently inhibits 4-AP-induced TRPV4 upregulation, weakens astrocytic calcium activity and specific astrocyte reactivity, thereby mitigating aberrant neuronal discharges and neuronal damage, and suppressing epileptic seizure.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Kohei Morimoto, Shu Watanuki, Ryota Eguchi, Taisuke Kitano, Ken-ichi Otsuguro
Summary: The relationship between neuroinflammation and mental disorders has been investigated for over 30 years. Diseases associated with inflammation increase the risk of mental disorders. LPS-injected mice exhibit behavioral abnormalities and neuronal activity suppression after recovery from systemic symptoms.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
K. M. Koss, T. Son, C. Li, Y. Hao, J. Cao, M. A. Churchward, Z. J. Zhang, J. A. Wertheim, R. Derda, K. G. Todd
Summary: Microglia play critical roles in the development and healthy function of the brain and spinal cord, but they are also involved in the pathology of various neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, researchers explored the functional phenotypes of microglia and mixed microglia/astrocytes using in vitro models. They hypothesized that the biomolecular profile of these cells undergoes phenotypical changes, and they searched for novel peptide binders using a custom phage library. By studying the secretion of cytokines and nitric oxide and analyzing the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, they identified 58 unique peptides with potential functions related to glial support, inflammation activation, and regulation in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jessica Blackburn, Michele Joana Alves, Mehmet Tahir Aslan, Lokman Cevik, Jing Zhao, Catherine M. Czeisler, Jose Javier Otero
Summary: The evaluation of reactive astrogliosis by neuroanatomical assays presents conflicting results due to suboptimal analytical workflows and astrocyte regional heterogeneity. The authors developed an automated segmentation workflow to extract features of GFAP and ALDH1L1 labeled astrocytes with and without neuroinflammation. Machine learning algorithms accurately predicted distinct morphological aspects of astrocytes and neuroanatomical regions, as well as showed some ability to distinguish between LPS-treated and vehicle-treated animals.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jessy A. Slota, Sarah J. Medina, Kathy L. Frost, Stephanie A. Booth
Summary: This study used RNAseq to analyze transcriptional changes in brain tissues of prion-infected mice, revealing that a large number of transcripts were altered during clinical disease and associated with reactive microglia and astrocytes, as well as synaptic dysfunction. The use of transcriptional profiling to compare the response of different neuronal populations to prion disease may help uncover the mechanisms that lead to neuronal demise.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nitsa Buaron, Antonella Mangraviti, Francesco Volpin, Ann Liu, Mariangela Pedone, Eric Sankey, Dina Aranovich, Itay Adar, Fausto J. Rodriguez, Abraham Nyska, Riki Goldbart, Tamar Traitel, Henry Brem, Betty Tyler, Joseph Kost
Summary: This study introduces a novel gene therapy approach using a PG-based carrier to target reactive gliosis in neuroinflammation. The synthesized carrier, QPG, effectively condenses plasmid DNA and binds to Gal-3, demonstrating promising characteristics for targeted gene therapy applications. The in vivo study confirms the biocompatibility and selective transfection capabilities of this PG-based delivery system for treating neuroinflammation-related injuries and neurodegenerative diseases.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Tracy L. Hagemann, Sierra Coyne, Alder Levin, Liqun Wang, Mel B. Feany, Albee Messing
Summary: Alexander disease (AxD) is caused by mutations in the GFAP gene, leading to GFAP aggregation and astrogliosis. STAT3 is activated in AxD and regulates GFAP expression. Inhibiting STAT3 activation can reduce GFAP toxicity and provide therapeutic benefits in AxD patients.
Review
Cell Biology
Xuanyu Chen, Hedong Li
Summary: Spinal cord injury is a devastating central nervous system injury with limited treatment options. In vivo neuronal reprogramming, a recently developed technology, shows promise in converting endogenous glial cells into functional neurons for injury repair.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jae-Hong Kim, Md Habibur Rahman, Donghwi Park, Myungjin Jo, Hyung-Jun Kim, Kyoungho Suk
Summary: This study utilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae toxicity testing to identify genetic interactions of TDP-43, revealing pathways involved in cellular metabolism. Initial assessments showed associations between TDP-43 and neurotoxicity and inflammatory activation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
R. Vivian Allahyari, K. Lyles Clark, Katherine A. Shepard, A. Denise R. Garcia
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Nicolette M. Heinsinger, Gabrielle Spagnuolo, R. Vivian Allahyari, Simon Galer, Tyler Fox, David A. Jaffe, Samantha J. Thomas, Lorraine Iacovitti, Angelo C. Lepore
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2020)