Nrf2 and beyond: deciphering the mode of action of fumarates in the inflamed central nervous system

Gaps Between Aims and Achievements in Therapeutic Modification of Neuronal Damage (“Neuroprotection”)

(2015) Heinz Wiendl et al.   Neurotherapeutics

Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 mediates dimethyl fumarate’s protective effect in EAE

(2014) Hui Chen et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION

Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study of Oral BG-12 or Glatiramer in Multiple Sclerosis

(2012) Robert J. Fox et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Study of Oral BG-12 for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis

(2012) Ralf Gold et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Fumaric acid esters exert neuroprotective effects in neuroinflammation via activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway

(2011) Ralf A. Linker et al.   BRAIN

Fumaric acid and its esters: An emerging treatment for multiple sclerosis with antioxidative mechanism of action

(2011) R. Gold et al.   CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Fumarates improve psoriasis and multiple sclerosis by inducing type II dendritic cells

(2011) Kamran Ghoreschi et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Dimethylfumarate inhibits microglial and astrocytic inflammation by suppressing the synthesis of nitric oxide, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in an in-vitro model of brain inflammation

(2010) Henrik Wilms et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation