Article
Education, Special
Paula Virtala, Eino Partanen, Teija Kujala
Summary: Individuals with developmental dyslexia show deficits in extracting and utilizing complex auditory rules, even after being explicitly informed about the rule, which may contribute to their language learning difficulties.
JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Gerry Leisman
Summary: This paper provides an overview of the components of neurologic processing efficiencies applied to schools and learners, aiming to develop innovative methodologies and thinking in educational leadership based on sound findings in the cognitive neurosciences. Through systems science, classroom-based learning and instruction can be better managed by evaluating efficiencies or inefficiencies and optimization. Medicalizing the learning process or employing grading methods do little to aid in understanding learners' information acquisition, integration, memory, and application processes. The paper introduces tools that prioritize nervous system-based strategic approaches to classroom learning.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Eduard T. Klapwijk, Wouter van den Bos, Christian K. Tamnes, Nora M. Raschle, Kathryn L. Mills
Summary: In the field of developmental cognitive neuroscience, statistical power, flexibility, and transparency play critical roles in influencing research findings. The flexibility in age groupings, data processing, and data description can greatly impact the results. Pre-registration can enhance methodological rigor.
DEVELOPMENTAL COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Itay Yaron, Lucia Melloni, Michael Pitts, Liad Mudrik
Summary: Yaron and his colleagues analyzed and classified 412 experiments related to four major theories in consciousness research, revealing trends and methodological biases. They found that methodological choices can predict support for a specific theory, regardless of findings. Most studies interpret their findings post hoc rather than testing key predictions of the theories a priori. They also provide an open-access website for researchers to further analyze trends in the neuroscience of consciousness.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2022)
Article
History & Philosophy Of Science
Abel Wajnerman-Paz, Daniel Rojas-Libano
Summary: This article discusses the issue of context-sensitivity in cognitive neuroscience experiments. It points out that many contextual factors can significantly influence cognitive performance, but it is not entirely clear how to determine if a cognitive phenomenon is context-sensitive and how to identify context-sensitivity experimentally. The article proposes a criterion for distinguishing different phenomena by comparing the mechanistic activities, components, and/or organizational properties in different contexts. The authors support this approach through case studies and address an objection regarding multifunctional mechanisms.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katharine C. Simon, Lynn Nadel, Jessica D. Payne
Summary: This special feature explores the purposes served by sleep and describes how the functions of sleep are manifested in neural circuits and cognitive structures. It evaluates the dynamic nature of sleep, the competitive arena for memory systems, the consolidation and integration of new memories, and the origin of lucid dreams. The collection of articles highlights new approaches and insights that will eventually help us understand the full range of functions supported by sleep.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Marlene V. V. Strege, John A. A. Richey, Greg J. J. Siegle
Summary: The study found that after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for major depressive disorder, some brain regions showed functional changes while others did not. These findings contribute to improving the effectiveness of treatment for sustained remission.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Anne C. Krendl, Richard F. Betzel
Summary: This review outlines the research findings in the field of social neuroscience in the past three decades and introduces the emerging discipline of network neuroscience. By integrating information across different brain regions and systems, leveraging methods from network neuroscience and graph theory can advance our understanding of how brain systems give rise to social behavior.
SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Gerry Leisman
Summary: There are both detractors and supporters of merging neuroscience with education. It is important to carefully integrate cognitive neuroscience into educational practice in a sensible and ethical manner. Neuroeducators play a crucial role in assessing evidence, determining who can use new knowledge, and dealing with unexpected consequences. This special issue aims to support the development of training programs that integrate curriculum design, classroom instruction, and developmental cognitive neurosciences.
Article
Neurosciences
Evan D. Anderson, Aron K. Barbey
Summary: Central to modern neuroscientific theories of human intelligence is the debate on the role of local versus global neural representations. While previous theories emphasize the importance of localized brain regions, recent findings suggest that intelligence depends on system-wide network mechanisms. This study demonstrates that general intelligence can be predicted by both local and global functional connectivity profiles, with global profiles providing a more robust explanation. The results highlight the need to consider local neural representations within the context of a global information-processing architecture, pointing towards future research on system-wide network mechanisms underlying general intelligence.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Annelinde R. E. Vandenbroucke, Eveline A. Crone, Jan B. F. van Erp, Berna Gueroglu, Hilleke Hulshoff E. Pol, Catherina H. de Kogel, Lydia Krabbendam, Lucres M. C. Jansen, Anne-Marie Brouwer
Summary: Successfully integrating research projects into society requires good collaboration, common expectations and goals, and investment in clear communication. To integrate cognitive developmental neuroscience effectively, it is necessary to build diverse multidisciplinary teams, take a non-standard research approach, consider integration throughout the project, and allocate sufficient resources for effective communication.
FRONTIERS IN INTEGRATIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Nils Kolling, Marius Braunsdorf, Suhas Vijayakumar, Harold Bekkering, Ivan Toni, Rogier B. Mars
Summary: Daily choices are often based on personal knowledge, but predicting others' behavior requires considering the differences between our own knowledge and others' presumed knowledge. The study found that different brain regions play different roles in using privileged information for personal decisions or predicting others' behavior.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Brian P. Johnson, Eran Dayan, Nitzan Censor, Leonardo G. Cohen
Summary: Behavioral research in cognitive and human systems neuroscience traditionally conducted in laboratory settings faces challenges such as underpowering and lack of reproducibility due to small sample sizes. Utilizing online crowdsourcing as a data collection tool can help overcome these challenges by increasing sample sizes and allowing for testing of complex tasks in real-life environments. This approach has the potential to widen the scope and strengthen conclusions of cognitive and human systems neuroscience investigations.
Article
Mathematics
Yanhong Wei, Huili Tang
Summary: This paper investigates the effective utilization of video conferencing in an online learning environment. It presents a case study based on the principles of educational neuroscience and distance education to promote the usage of digital technologies in higher education.
JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Roni Setton, Laetitia Mwilambwe-Tshilobo, Signy Sheldon, Gary R. Turner, R. Nathan Spreng
Summary: Recollection of personal past, or autobiographical memory (AM), varies across individuals and the life span, and is associated with functional brain networks. Older adults showed lower connectivity within certain brain regions but greater connectivity with the default network compared to younger adults. The connectivity patterns were related to specific types of memories.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amy Orben, Andrew K. Przybylski, Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, Rogier A. Kievit
Summary: The relationship between social media use and life satisfaction changes across adolescent development, with the most negative impact found in younger adolescents. Longitudinal analysis also reveals distinct developmental windows of sensitivity to social media in adolescence, influenced by age and sex.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marc P. Bennett, Rachel Clare Knight, Darren Dunning, Alan Archer-Boyd, Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, Edwin Dalmaijer, Tamsin Ford, J. Mark G. Williams, Hannah Clegg, Willem Kuyken, Tierney So, Gemma Wright, Bert Lenaert, Maris Vainre, Peter Watson, Tim Dalgleish
Summary: This study aims to investigate the impact of decentering training on the mental health of adolescents. By comparing participants who undergo decentering training with an active control group, it is expected that the results will help reduce depression and anxiety symptoms and improve overall psychological well-being.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kate Tudor, Shannon Maloney, Anam Raja, Ruth Baer, Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, Sarah Byford, Catherine Crane, Tim Dalgleish, Katherine De Wilde, Tamsin Ford, Mark Greenberg, Verena Hinze, Liz Lord, Lucy Radley, Emerita Satiro Opaleye, Laura Taylor, Obioha C. Ukoumunne, Russell Viner, Willem Kuyken, Jesus Montero-Marin
Summary: This study provides an overview of the evidence on the mediators, moderators, and implementation factors of universal school-based mindfulness training. However, the current evidence is limited and further research is needed to explore this training in more depth.
PREVENTION SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Lydia Gabriela Speyer, Anastasia Ushakova, Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, Aja Louise Murray, Rogier Kievit
Summary: Random-Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models have gained popularity in testing developmental hypotheses as they allow for separating between-person and within-person components. In this paper, we demonstrate how developmental researchers can implement, test, and interpret interaction effects in such models using a real-world example from developmental psychopathology research. The analysis of Within x Within and Between x Within interactions is illustrated using data from the Millennium Cohort Study based in the United Kingdom within a Bayesian Structural Equation Modelling framework. Annotated Mplus code is provided to help users understand the complexities of within-person and between-person dynamics over time.
STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING-A MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Darren Dunning, S. Ahmed, L. Foulkes, C. Griffin, K. Griffiths, J. T. Leung, J. Parker, Blanca Piera Pi-Sunyer, A. Sakhardande, M. Bennett, C. Haag, Jesus Montero-Marin, D. Packman, Maris Vainre, P. Watson, Willem Kuyken, J. Mark G. Williams, Obioha C. Ukoumunne, Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, Tim Dalgleish
Summary: Previous research suggests that mindfulness training may be effective at improving mental health in young people, but it remains uncertain whether it improves affective executive control or mitigates negative mental health impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study found no evidence that the version of mindfulness training used improved affective executive control or mitigated negative consequences on mental health of young people relative to psychoeducation. This indicates the need to identify other interventions that can enhance affective control and mental health in young people.
EVIDENCE-BASED MENTAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Willem Kuyken, Susan Ball, Catherine Crane, Poushali Ganguli, Benjamin Jones, Jesus Montero-Marin, Elizabeth Nuthall, Anam Raja, Laura Taylor, Kate Tudor, Russell M. Viner, Matthew Allwood, Louise Aukland, Darren Dunning, Triona Casey, Nicola Dalrymple, Katherine De Wilde, Eleanor-Rose Farley, Jennifer Harper, Nils Kappelmann, Maria Kempnich, Liz Lord, Emma Medlicott, Lucy Palmer, Ariane Petit, Alice Philips, Isobel Pryor-Nitsch, Lucy Radley, Anna Sonley, Jem Shackleford, Alice Tickell, Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, Obioha C. Ukoumunne, Mark T. Greenberg, Tamsin Ford, Tim Dalgleish, Sarah Byford, J. Mark G. Williams
Summary: The study finds that school-based mindfulness training does not show superiority over teaching-as-usual in promoting adolescent mental health. Further research is needed to identify effective methods and consider key contextual and implementation factors.
EVIDENCE-BASED MENTAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Jesus Montero-Marin, Matthew Allwood, Susan Ball, Catherine Crane, Katherine De Wilde, Verena Hinze, Benjamin Jones, Liz Lord, Elizabeth Nuthall, Anam Raja, Laura Taylor, Kate Tudor, Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, Sarah Byford, Tim Dalgleish, Tamsin Ford, Mark T. Greenberg, Obioha C. Ukoumunne, J. Mark G. Williams, Willem Kuyken
Summary: School-based mindfulness training is not effective in preventing mental health problems in early adolescence. Higher dose and reach of training may lead to worse social-emotional-behavioral functioning. Positive gains in mindfulness skills and executive function can predict better outcomes. Hypothesized moderators and implementation factors do not have an impact on the results.
EVIDENCE-BASED MENTAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Gabriele Chierchia, Magdalena Soukupova, Emma J. Kilford, Cait Griffin, Jovita Leung, Stefano Palminteri, Sarah-Jayne Blakemore
Summary: This study explores how learning changes during human development, specifically focusing on the confirmatory learning bias. The results show that as individuals grow older, they exhibit a stronger confirmatory learning bias, but this is not due to an increase in bias magnitude. Instead, it is attributed to a decrease in uncertainty. These findings can aid in the development of tailored learning environments for individuals of different ages.
DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Sila Genc, Erika P. Raven, Mark Drakesmith, Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, Derek K. Jones
Summary: White matter microstructural development in late childhood and adolescence is mainly driven by increasing axon density and myelin thickness. The study used an ultra-strong gradient magnetic resonance imaging scanner to evaluate microstructural properties in the corpus callosum of typically developing participants aged 8-18 years. It found age-related differences in apparent axon diameter, myelin content, and g-ratio, with males showing larger axon diameter in the splenium and lower myelin content in the genu and body of the corpus callosum during early puberty compared to females. Overall, this study provides new insights into the developmental, pubertal, and cognitive correlates of individual differences in apparent axon diameter and myelin content in the developing human brain.
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Blanca Piera Pi-Sunyer, Jack L. Andrews, Amy Orben, Lydia G. Speyer, Sarah-Jayne Blakemore
Summary: This study examined the association between the subjective experience of economic disadvantage among friends and social difficulties and poorer mental health in early adolescence. The results showed that perceived income inequality predicted adverse mental health and a range of interpersonal difficulties during adolescence, even when controlling for objective family income.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Jovita T. Leung, Blanca Piera Pi-Sunyer, Saz P. Ahmed, Lucy Foulkes, Cait Griffin, Ashok Sakhardande, Marc Bennett, Darren L. Dunning, Kirsty Griffiths, Jenna Parker, Willem Kuyken, J. Mark G. Williams, Tim Dalgleish, Sarah-Jayne Blakemore
Summary: This study examined the impact of mindfulness training on adolescents' prosocial and antisocial tendencies, as well as their susceptibility to prosocial and antisocial influence. The findings suggest that mindfulness training does not change the likelihood of engaging in prosocial or antisocial behaviors, but participants were more influenced by prosocial influence than antisocial influence regardless of training group. Additionally, both training programs reduced participants' susceptibility to antisocial influence.
INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amy Orben, Sarah-Jayne Blakemore
Editorial Material
Psychology, Clinical
Willem Kuyken, Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, Sarah Byford, Tim Dalgleish, Tamsin Ford, Verena Hinze, Karen Mansfield, Jesus Montero-Marin, Obioha C. Ukoumunne, Russell M. Viner
JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Emily Towner, Gabriele Chierchia, Sarah-Jayne Blakemore
Summary: Adolescence is a period characterized by increased affective and social sensitivity. This heightened sensitivity is shown to have an impact on associative learning, with adolescents exhibiting increased Pavlovian learning but decreased instrumental learning compared to adults. These developmental differences are attributed to adolescents' heightened sensitivity to rewards and threats, as well as a lower specificity of responding. The implications of these findings for adolescent mental health and education are discussed.
TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Samuel Zorowitz, Gabriele Chierchia, Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, Nathaniel D. D. Daw
Summary: Matrix reasoning tasks are widely used in the behavioral sciences to measure cognitive ability, but the lack of publicly available tests complicates their use. In this study, the matrix reasoning item bank (MaRs-IB), an open-access set of matrix reasoning items, is investigated and validated. The results show that the MaRs-IB has desirable psychometric properties and can be used to design new matrix reasoning tests. These new tests demonstrate good reliability and validity. The materials and results provided here aim to encourage researchers to use the MaRs-IB in their research.
BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS
(2023)
