Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shahzad Ahmad, Mukesh K. Pandey, Subrata Das, Anuradha Mishra, Rajamani Nagarajan
Summary: Crystalline, uniform LaPO4 nanorods with a hexagonal structure were successfully synthesized using a simple wet-chemical method. The Ce3+-Tb3+ co-doped LaPO4 nanorods exhibited strong green emission at 545 nm under UV irradiation due to resonance energy transfer. Optimizing the Tb3+ dopant further enhanced the photoluminescence properties of these nanorods for various display applications.
CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Shweta S. Sharma, Nameeta Brahme, D. P. Bisen, Pradeep Dewangan, Ishwar Prasad Sahu, Suresh G. Onkar, Vijay S. Thool, Shilpa G. Vidhale, Girish S. Mendhe
Summary: The study prepared two phosphors using a solid-state reaction method and studied their thermoluminescent properties in detail. The results showed that co-doping of Ce3+ ions enhanced the TL response of the phosphors, making them useful for dosimetric applications.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
V Parthibaraj, K. Maheshvaran, R. Vijayakumar
Summary: In this study, a series of Ce3+ and Tb3+ ions co-doped NaBaB9O15 phosphors were prepared using the high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. The purity and photoluminescence behavior of the samples were examined. The results showed that the Ce3+ and Tb3+ co-doped NaBaB9O15 samples exhibited intense green emission with high internal quantum efficiency and excellent thermal stability.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Seungyong Shin, Sangmoon Park
Summary: In this study, Ba6Ca3Al2Si6O24:Ce3+/Tb3+/Na+ phosphors were synthesized, and it was found that co-doping Na+ and Ce3+ into the crystal structure can enhance green emission, along with determining the energy transfer mechanism from Ce3+ to Tb3+. Additionally, the CIE coordinates from blue to green regions were monitored, thermal quenching was observed with increasing temperature, and the activation energy of the Tb3+ transition was calculated. The estimated relative quantum efficiency and internal quantum efficiency were obtained for the Ba5.4Ce0.1Tb0.2Na0.3Ca3Al2Si6O24 phosphors.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zhen Song, Quanlin Liu
Summary: This study reveals the anomalous phenomenon of crystal-field splitting in SrLiAl3N4 as a promising narrow-band phosphor with Ce3+ as dopant ions. The results show the calibrated crystal-field splitting value and briefly discuss the effect of polyhedral deformation on energy levels.
JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Mohammad M. Afandi, Gian Antariksa, Hyeonwoo Kang, Taewook Kang, Jongsu Kim
Summary: In this study, a tunable blue-green Y2SiO5:Tb3+ powder-based electroluminescent (PEL) device was prepared through a facile screen-printing method. The device exhibits high EL intensity and unique optical properties, making it suitable for sterilization applications.
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Meihua Wu, Wen Chen, Siyuan Liu, Yichao Sun, Lingfeng Huang, Guoliang Chen, Zishan Zheng
Summary: The study synthesized Zr0.97P2O7:0.018Tb3+,0.012Nd3+ long persistent phosphors and investigated their crystal structure, optical properties, and luminescence mechanism. The results showed that the energy transfer from Nd3+ to Tb3+ played a crucial role in enhancing the luminescence performance, and the phosphors exhibited a longer afterglow time.
JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yuxuan Qi, Ruirui Yang, Yan Gao, Pengfei Jiang, Rihong Cong, Tao Yang
Summary: Rare earth pentaborates show potential as photoluminescent hosts for various rare earth activators. Energy transfer between Ce3+ and Tb3+/Dy3+ was observed through dipole-dipole electric interactions. The white emission of Dy3+ was enhanced by 20 times.
JOURNAL OF RARE EARTHS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Abhijeet R. Kadam, Girish C. Mishra, A. D. Deshmukh, S. J. Dhoble
Summary: In this study, Ce3+ and Eu2+ doped/co-doped BaSiF6 phosphor were successfully synthesized using a low temperature solution combustion method. The photoluminescence properties of the phosphors were analyzed, showing potential applications in white light emitting diodes and optical display systems.
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ying Fu, Shixiang Huang, Feng Zhang, Chao Li, Zhangyue Wu, Zhengzheng Zhang
Summary: New blue color-emitting K7ZnSc2B15O30:Ce3+, Tb3+ luminescence materials were synthesized successfully, showing broadband blue light emitting characteristic due to multiple sites occupancies of Ce3+, with the emission color tunable by the addition of Tb3+. The thermal quenching behavior and temperature sensing performance were evaluated, demonstrating the potential applications of these materials in temperature sensing.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Han Zhou, Pianpian Wu, Xubo Tong, Hongzhi Zhang, Jin Han, Xinmin Zhang
Summary: This paper reports a simple energy transfer (ET) strategy to enhance Tb3+ emission in Y4Zn4(SiO4)5 (YZS) doped with Ce3+/Tb3+ phosphors under near-UV excitation, allowing the adjustment of emitted light color from blue to green. The improved phosphors show outstanding performance in a WLED device, indicating their potential applications as green-emitting components in near-UV pc-WLEDs.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Youkui Zheng, Tongsheng Yang, Yuefei Xiang, Kai Xiong, Dan Yang, Zhenyu Fang, Shuqing Yang, Jing Zhu
Summary: This paper reports the synthesis of trivalent terbium-activated green phosphors and comprehensively investigates their structure, photoluminescence behavior, and colorimetric properties. The results show that the phosphors exhibit high emission intensity, low chromaticity shifting, and robust thermostability and color stability, making them promising candidates for illumination and display applications.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Zhan Ni, Mengxin Liu, Bo Li, Xinan Shi, Qiulin Cao, Daocheng Pan
Summary: LaPO4:Ce3+, Tb3+ nanoparticles with a particle size of 2.7 nm were synthesized using a facile room-temperature ligand-assisted coprecipitation method in an aqueous solution. Short-chain butyric acid and butylamine were used as binary ligands and played a critical role in the synthesis of highly luminescent LaPO4:Ce3+, Tb3+ nanoparticles. A high absolute photoluminescence quantum yield of 74% was achieved for La0.4PO4:Ce-0.1(3+) nanoparticles, which is different from La0.4PO4:Ce(0.45)3+, Tb-0.15(3+) for bulk phosphor. Energy transfer from Ce3+ ions to Tb3+ ions was investigated in sub-3 nm LaPO4:Ce3+, Tb3+ nanoparticles, leading to the suppression of Ce3+ ion emission. This room-temperature and aqueous-phase synthetic strategy is suitable for large-scale production of highly luminescent LaPO4:Ce3+, Tb3+ nanoparticles, with up to 110 g synthesized in one batch, catering to industrial needs.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
O. AitMellal, L. Oufni, M. Y. Messous, E. Matei, A. M. Rostas, A. C. Galca, M. Secu
Summary: Tunable blue-white-orange emitting LaPO4:Ce3+/Mn2+/Zr4+ phosphors were synthesized by co precipitation and calcination. The calcination temperature affected the size, morphology, crystal structure, and luminescent properties of the phosphors.
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Masato Iwaki, Kazuyoshi Uematsu, Mineo Sato, Kenji Toda
Summary: A novel green-emitting Ba5La3MgAl3O15:Ce3+ (BLMAO:Ce3+) phosphor was successfully synthesized by a solid-state reaction. BLMAO, inspired by the crystal structure of Ba6La2A1.5Fe2.5O15, exhibited a green emission with a peak around 500 nm under near-ultraviolet light excitation at 412 nm due to Ce3+ doping. The internal and external quantum efficiencies of BLMAO:0.02Ce3+ were found to be 27% and 22%, respectively. The position of Ce3+ ion in the crystal lattice was determined through emission peak deconvolution and Dorenbos model calculation. The potential of BLMAO:Ce3+ for phosphor-converted white LEDs (pc-wLEDs) was systematically evaluated based on Rietveld refinement and luminescence measurement.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bart Verlinden, Andreas Wilden, Karen Van Hecke, Richard J. M. Egberink, Jurriaan Huskens, Willem Verboom, Michelle Hupert, Patrik Wessling, Andreas Geist, Petra J. Panak, Rainier Hermans, Marc Verwerft, Giuseppe Modolo, Koen Binnemans, Thomas Cardinaels
Summary: This study investigated the solvent optimization, radiolysis behavior, and solvent extraction characteristics of the diglycolamide mTDDGA. It was found that the two diastereomers of mTDDGA exhibited significant differences in extraction, and the main degradation compound showed good ability to extract uranium.
SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Koen Binnemans, Peter Tom Jones
Summary: This academic position paper proposes the 12 Principles of circular hydrometallurgy, a novel and sustainable approach. It aims to guide future research in the field and provide a benchmark for assessing existing processes. Circular hydrometallurgy focuses on energy and resource efficiency, minimal reagent consumption, and waste reduction. The paper presents the principles that promote sustainability, such as reagent regeneration, water loop closure, waste prevention, and integration of materials and energy flows.
JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hongshan Zhu, Stephan Heinitz, Samuel Eyley, Wim Thielemans, Koen Binnemans, Steven Mullens, Thomas Cardinaels
Summary: 213Bi is a promising candidate for targeted alpha therapy, but finding suitable materials to separate it from its parent 225Ac is an ongoing challenge. This study evaluates sulfonated activated carbon (SNCAs) as alternative sorbents for use in radionuclide generators and finds that SNCAs have high and selective uptake of Bi3+. Different elution solutions can efficiently extract Bi3+ from SNCAs. This research suggests that SNCAs with sufficient oxygen-containing groups are promising sorbents for the separation of 213Bi in an inverse 225Ac/213Bi radionuclide generator.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Viet Tu Nguyen, Koen Binnemans, Sofia Riano
Summary: Assessment of solvent extraction in continuous mode is crucial for scaling up the processes. Limited information is available on how to operate counter-current solvent-extraction equipment and tackle problems with real feeds. This study evaluates the performance of a solvent-extraction process in mixer-settlers and discusses the challenges of running a solvent-extraction process using ionic liquids at a minipilot scale.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Stijn Raiguel, Viet Tu Nguyen, Isadora Reis Rodrigues, Clio Deferm, Sofia Riano, Koen Binnemans
Summary: The world's seas and oceans have a large amount of lithium, but the low concentration makes solvent extraction impractical for recovery. However, seawater desalination brine, after nanofiltration treatment, has a much higher concentration of lithium. Therefore, a solvent extraction process can effectively recover lithium from such streams. The proposed process involves removal of magnesium and calcium, followed by lithium extraction, scrubbing, stripping, removal of residual alkaline earth metals, and precipitation of lithium. The process has a yield of 74% and produces lithium carbonate with a purity of 97 wt%.
SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Koen Binnemans, Peter Tom Jones
Summary: Over the past 10-20 years, many academic papers have described the benefits of ionic liquids (ILs) and deep-eutectic solvents (DESs) in extractive metallurgy processes. However, despite being hailed as game-changers, these neoteric solvents have not made significant commercial breakthroughs. This paper reflects on the reasons for their lack of impact, including issues with viscosity, chemical stability, recycling, and cost, and suggests that a deeper understanding of hydrometallurgical processes at the molecular level is more likely to lead to innovation.
JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hongshan Zhu, Stephan Heinitz, Samuel Eyley, Wim Thielemans, Koen Binnemans, Steven Mullens, Thomas Cardinaels
Summary: 213Bi-labeled radiopharmaceuticals for cancer treatment are of great interest, and finding a suitable sorbent material for separating 213Bi from its parent radionuclide 225Ac is challenging. This study reports on the synthesis and evaluation of sulfonated carbon materials (SCMs) as sorbents in inverse 225Ac/213Bi generators. The sulfonation of carbon materials prepared at 500 degrees C (SCM-500) showed promising results, with high selectivity for Bi3+ over La3+ and high chemical 213Bi yield in column tests.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Joren van Stee, Filip Keppens, Jinu Joseph John, Koen Binnemans, Tom Van Gerven
Summary: This study presents a reproducible production method for microreactor manifolds using commercially available and 3D printed parts. It was found that tubes and fittings alone cannot produce reliable and reproducible manifolds. However, a hybrid manifold consisting of a 3D printed distributor and commercial tubes and fittings showed a significant reduction in maldistribution for both single- and two-phase flow. Furthermore, the surface tension of the applied liquid was shown to have a significant effect on maldistribution, possibly due to the presence of air bubbles.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dzenita Avdibegovic, Elke Barbier, Blaz Jaklic, Sreco Davor Skapin, Matjaz Spreitzer, Koen Binnemans
Summary: In the present study, strong cation and anion exchange resins were used to recover non-rare earth constituents from end-of-life rare-earth magnets. The results showed that the cation exchange resin was effective in recovering metal ions from both aqueous and ethanolic solutions, while the anion exchange resin selectively recovered copper and iron from ethanolic solutions. The ion exchange mechanism involved the formation of chloro complexes of copper and their exchange with sulfate counter ions of the resin.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Thomas Abo Atia, Clio Deferm, Lieven Machiels, Mohammad Khoshkhoo, Sofia Riano, Koen Binnemans
Summary: The study focused on purifying cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc from bioleached bulk hydroxide precipitate using different solvent extraction units. By utilizing various extractants, effective separation and purification of the target metals were achieved. Chelating extractants and phosphinic acid played crucial roles in the separation and purification process according to the research findings.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Nor Kamariah, Panagiotis Xanthopoulos, Koen Binnemans, Jeroen Spooren
Summary: Difficulties in beneficiation and hydrometallurgical processing limit the potential of chrysocolla as a copper ore mineral. Solvoleaching in a solution of 3 M NH4Cl in monoethanolamine enabled efficient and selective copper extraction from high-grade chrysocolla ore. Copper recovery was achieved through sulfide precipitation with (NH4)2S solution, with a covellite phase precipitated and a recovery yield of over 98%. The reusability of the lixiviant was demonstrated by four leaching-precipitation cycles.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Bart Verlinden, Karen Van Hecke, Andreas Wilden, Giuseppe Modolo, Koen Binnemans, Thomas Cardinaels, Piotr M. Kowalski
Summary: In this paper, the radiolytic degradation of diglycolamides was analyzed using computational chemistry methods, focusing on structural and thermodynamic aspects. The most vulnerable parts of the organic ligands prone to attack and degradation by radicals were identified through electronic density and bond strength analysis. By computing free energy, a possible degradation path involving the breaking of the C-O bond by H radical attack was obtained. Solvation effects, including solvation entropy effects, were taken into account to investigate realistic reaction conditions. The resulting degradation mechanism is consistent with experimentally observed degradation products.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dominic Maertens, Koen Binnemans, Thomas Cardinaels
Summary: Annular centrifugal contactors (ACCs) are efficient in counter-current multistage solvent extraction (SX) due to their high throughput, short residence times, and small footprint. However, the availability of commercial laboratory-scale ACCs is limited, and their designs lack flexibility. In this study, customized transparent ACCs were used to monitor the process and identify operational issues. The modified ACCs demonstrated improved performance in a uranium-TBP SX process.
SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Pieter Geysens, Da Tie, Alexandru Vlad, Jan Fransaer, Koen Binnemans
Summary: Electrowinning is a clean process for neodymium metal recovery, but the current methods are limited by high energy consumption or high costs and environmental impact. In this study, new fluorine-free organic electrolytes were developed, enabling the electrodeposition of neodymium metal at room temperature. These electrolytes consist of solvated neodymium borohydride dissolved in ether solvents, prepared from non-fluorinated precursors. The electrodeposition of neodymium in these electrolytes demonstrated higher stability and was characterized to confirm the presence of neodymium metal.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hongshan Zhu, Stephan Heinitz, Samuel Eyley, Wim Thielemans, Elien Derveaux, Peter Adriaensens, Koen Binnemans, Steven Mullens, Thomas Cardinaels
Summary: In this study, the effects of gamma radiation on AG MP-50 cation exchange resin and sulfonated activated carbon (SAC) were investigated. It was found that the surface sulfonic acid groups of AG MP-50 resin suffered severe radiation-induced degradation, while no apparent changes in acquired morphological characteristics were observed for SAC. The sorption performance of both materials for La3+ and Bi3+ remained generally the same.
