Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Eman E. Alshial, Muhammad Idris Abdulghaney, Al-Hassan Soliman Wadan, Mohamed Abdelfatah Abdellatif, Nada E. Ramadan, Aya Muhammed Suleiman, Nahla Waheed, Maha Abdellatif, Haitham S. Mohammed
Summary: Mitochondria play a crucial role in the nervous system, but dysfunction can contribute to the development of various neurological disorders. This article reviews the functions of mitochondria in the nervous system, explores mechanisms related to dysfunction, and discusses its role in disorders such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, depression, and epilepsy. It also provides an overview of current treatment strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and highlights future directions.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angelika Krol-Grzymala, Edyta Sienkiewicz-Szlapka, Ewa Fiedorowicz, Dominika Rozmus, Anna Cieslinska, Andrzej Grzybowski
Summary: This review investigates and analyzes the biomarkers for AD, PD, and MS in tears. Through analyzing the recent original studies, the biomarkers present in tears that can be used for the diagnosis and management of these diseases are shown.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Abdulla Watad, Dennis McGonagle, Saar Anis, Reut Carmeli, Arnon D. Cohen, Avishai M. Tsur, Niv Ben-Shabat, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Merav Lidar, Howard Amital
Summary: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and epilepsy, but not multiple sclerosis (MS). Treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) is associated with a reduced risk of developing AD in AS patients.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Shuaiwei Wang, Serge A. van de Pavert
Summary: Immune cells within the central nervous system, particularly innate lymphoid cells, play important roles in neurological inflammation and disease. This review discusses the presence of innate lymphoid cells in the central nervous system and their involvement in major neurological diseases such as ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Multiple Sclerosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Amanda Cano, Elena Fonseca, Miren Ettcheto, Elena Sanchez-Lopez, Itziar de Rojas, Silvia Alonso-Lana, Xavier Morato, Eliana B. Souto, Manuel Toledo, Merce Boada, Marta Marquie, Agustin Ruiz
Summary: Epilepsy is a chronic disease of the central nervous system characterized by an electrical imbalance in neurons. The molecular processes that trigger epileptic seizures and promote neurotoxic effects are currently focused on the glutamate pathway and influx of calcium ions into neurons. Common molecular links between epilepsy and other neurodegenerative diseases have led to investigation of antiseizure drugs for therapeutic potential in these pathologies.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Gabriela Carreno, Romain Guiho, Juan Pedro Martinez-Barbera
Summary: The study of cell senescence is rapidly growing, with senescent cells secreting biologically active products that can affect the cellular microenvironment, known as SASP, with both beneficial and detrimental effects on tissue homeostasis. The use of senolytic drugs to eliminate senescent cells has shown promise in improving age-related diseases, and clearance of senescent cells may also improve neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Talia M. Planas-Fontanez, Danielle M. Sainato, Isha Sharma, Cheryl F. Dreyfus
Summary: The study highlights the positive and negative effects of astrocytes in aging, Alzheimer's disease, and Multiple Sclerosis, and suggests that a better understanding of their functions and alterations in response to disease or aging may lead to therapeutic advances.
Article
Cell Biology
Zhi-Ren Tsai, Han-Wei Zhang, Chun-Hung Tseng, Hsiao-Ching Peng, Victor C. Kok, Gao Ping Li, Chao A. Hsiung, Chun-Yi Hsu
Summary: A retrospective cohort study conducted in Taiwan showed that individuals with epilepsy are at a significantly increased risk of developing dementia, especially those aged 50 years and above.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giulio Papiri, Arianna Vignini, Luigi Capriotti, Paola Verdenelli, Sonila Alia, Alice Di Paolo, Chiara Fiori, Sara Baldinelli, Mauro Silvestrini, Simona Luzzi
Summary: Alzheimer's disease and Multiple Sclerosis are emerging health problems globally, contributing significantly to disability burden in Western countries. This study found higher levels of α-CGRP in cerebrospinal fluid in control subjects and MS patients compared to AD patients, suggesting a potential differential involvement of α-CGRP in these disabling diseases. Retrospective analysis also showed an association between higher CSF CGRP content and higher MRI lesion count in MS, as well as lower α-CGRP levels and worse attention and visuo-perceptual skills in AD.
Review
Cell Biology
Leyla Anne Akay, Audrey H. Effenberger, Li-Huei Tsai
Summary: Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are not only involved in myelination, but also form synapses with neurons, support blood-brain barrier integrity, and play a role in neuroinflammation. Sex and age may influence OPC activity, and OPC dysfunction may play a primary role in various neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases.
GENES & DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Miriam Perez-Saldivar, Graciela Ordonez, Benjamin Pineda, Julio Sotelo, Adolfo Martinez-Palomo, Jose Flores-Rivera, Martha Espinosa-Cantellano
Summary: This study compared the response of T cells from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, during relapse and remission, to in vitro stimulation with varicella zoster virus (VZV), adenovirus (AV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The results showed that relapsing MS patients had a stronger T cell response to VZV, and remitting patients' T cells predominantly secreted Th1 cytokines when stimulated with VZV. These findings support previous studies and suggest a possible role of VZV in the pathogenesis of MS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jelena Medved, William M. Wood, Michael D. van Heyst, Amin Sherafat, Ju-Young Song, Sagune Sakya, Dennis L. Wright, Akiko Nishiyama
Summary: Oligodendrocyte precursor cells play a crucial role in brain development and have the potential to be targeted for the treatment of brain tumors.
Article
Neurosciences
Alfonso Delgado-Alvarez, Maria Diez-Cirarda, Cristina Delgado-Alonso, Laura Hernandez-Lorenzo, Constanza Cuevas, Maria Valles-Salgado, Paloma Montero-Escribano, Maria Jose Gil-Moreno, Jorge Matias-Guiu, Rocio Garcia-Ramos, Jordi A. Matias-Guiu
Summary: The study validated the effectiveness of the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). The results showed that RUDAS performed well in diagnosing cognitive impairment associated with AD, PD, and MS, with minimal influence from education and cultural biases.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
J. Wickham, M. Ledri, M. Andersson, M. Kokaia
Summary: During epileptic seizures, parvalbumin-interneurons and principal cells play different roles in triggering epileptiform discharges. This study investigated the seizure-triggering ability of parvalbumin-interneurons and principal cells without the use of external convulsive agents. The results showed that selective synchronized activation of principal neurons, but not parvalbumin-interneurons, can trigger epileptiform discharges, suggesting a region-specific role of these cells in ictogenesis.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexander A. Aabedi, Benjamin Lipkin, Jasleen Kaur, Sofia Kakaizada, Claudia Valdivia, Sheantel Reihl, Jacob S. Young, Anthony T. Lee, Saritha Krishna, Mitchel S. Berger, Edward F. Chang, David Brang, Shawn L. Hervey-Jumper
Summary: Recent studies have shown that malignant glioma cells can interact with neurons in various ways, affecting the excitability of local neuronal circuits. Further investigations are needed to determine whether gliomas have a substantial impact on neural computations. Research findings indicate that glioma-infiltrated cortex engages in synchronous activity similar to normal-appearing cortex during task performance, but recruits a more diffuse spatial network. Additionally, signals from glioma-infiltrated cortex exhibit decreased entropy, potentially affecting its ability to encode information during specific tasks.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
