Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Einat Zalckvar, Maya Schuldiner
Summary: Metabolism is emerging as a central influencer of multiple disease states in humans, and the decreased function of peroxisomes is linked to various common diseases. However, research on the mechanisms underlying the contributions of peroxisomes to these diseases is still limited.
Review
Cell Biology
Delsuz Rezaee, Fatemeh Saadatpour, Nayyereh Akbari, Anahita Zoghi, Sajad Najafi, Parisa Beyranvand, Fahimeh Zamani-Rarani, Mohammad Amin Rashidi, Saeid Bagheri-Mohammadi, Mohammad Bakhtiari
Summary: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to play significant roles in regulating the development and functions of the central nervous system (CNS). Dysregulation of miRNAs has been associated with various neurodegenerative diseases and CNS tumors. They affect the expression of key genes and proteins involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angela Godinez, Rashi Rajput, Nitin Chitranshi, Veer Gupta, Devaraj Basavarajappa, Samridhi Sharma, Yuyi You, Kanishka Pushpitha, Kunal Dhiman, Mehdi Mirzaei, Stuart Graham, Vivek Gupta
Summary: Neuroserpin is a crucial protein involved in neuronal development and various diseases, with mutations affecting its function and leading to pathological conditions. Understanding the alterations of neuroserpin and its cellular signaling networks is essential for studying its detrimental consequences and potential therapeutic targeting.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luke Loftus, Sarah R. Amend, Kenneth J. Pienta
Summary: Cell division and cell death are essential processes in growth and development. Cancer is caused by abnormal regulation of these processes, and traditional anti-cancer treatments trigger apoptosis, to which cancer cells are resistant. Understanding how drugs kill cancer cells is crucial for developing more effective treatments. Cell cycle-independent forms of cell death, such as necroptosis or ferroptosis, have potential immunogenic effects, providing alternative strategies against tumors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Eri Kamon, Misato Ohtani
Summary: Xylem vessels transport water and essential low-molecular-weight compounds throughout vascular plants. The differentiation of xylem vessel cells involves secondary cell wall deposition and programmed cell death, leading to the formation of a hollow tube-like structure with a rigid outer shell. Research has identified key transcriptional switches and is now focusing on dissecting cell differentiation at the single cell level.
CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zhichao Li, Dandan Li, Renchang Chen, Shang Gao, Zhanwang Xu, Nianhu Li
Summary: Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease that occurs due to an imbalance in bone homeostasis. Different types of programmed cell death (PCD) have been found to regulate bone metabolism and natural products derived from dietary components and medicinal plants show potential for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. This review discusses the common types of PCD in osteoporosis and the role of natural products in targeting PCDs for the treatment of osteoporosis.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Yinrou Huang, Mengke Zhao, Xuemei Chen, Ruoyu Zhang, Anh Le, Michael Hong, Yufei Zhang, Lin Jia, Weidong Zang, Chao Jiang, Junmin Wang, Xiaochong Fan, Jian Wang
Summary: In this review, the biological properties and pathogenic functions of key metabolites in 12 central nervous system disorders are summarized. The changes in the metabolic pathway of tryptophan and potential therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway are discussed. This comprehensive review provides valuable guidance for future research on neuropsychiatric disorders.
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Makoto Nabetani, Takeo Mukai, Akihiko Taguchi
Summary: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with increased prevalence worldwide. The relationship between ASD and neuroinflammation, microglia, and glucose metabolism has been extensively studied. Cell therapies have shown promising results in clinical studies for ASD treatment, suggesting a new paradigm for autism therapy.
CELL TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yuyuan Wang, Junduo Wu
Summary: Iron plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases through ferroptosis. Both iron deficiency and excess have harmful effects on health. Excessive iron triggers the pathological process of the heart through ferroptosis. This review describes the latest research progress on the mechanism of ferroptosis, explores its association with miRNA in various cardiovascular diseases, and summarizes the potential therapeutic value of ferroptosis-related drugs or inhibitors.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Ming Yang, Kwok-Fai So, Wai-Ching Lam, Amy Cheuk Yin Lo
Summary: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a genetic retinal degenerative disease with more than 60 gene mutations. Recent studies have suggested a potential involvement of ferroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death characterized by iron overload and lipid peroxidation, in the pathogenesis of RP. This finding may open up new avenues for research and novel therapeutic targets for RP.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Seojin Lee, Ivan Martinez-Valbuena, Carlos E. de Andrea, Maria Villalba-Esparza, Suganthini Ilaalagan, Blas Couto, Naomi P. Visanji, Anthony E. Lang, Gabor G. Kovacs
Summary: This study provides the first cell type-specific evaluation of iron homeostasis and oxygen homeostasis in relation to tau pathology in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Astrocytes were identified as the major cell type accumulating iron in the early affected regions of PSP, highly associated with tau pathology. Dysregulated expression of iron and oxygen homeostasis genes associated with brain aging was also found, as well as dysregulated expression of rare neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) genes associated with tau pathology, distinguishing PSP from the healthy aging brain.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ana R. Monteiro, Daniel J. Barbosa, Fernando Remiao, Renata Silva
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of people worldwide. It is characterized by cognitive decline and degeneration of cholinergic neurons. The available therapies are limited, and the disease's pathogenesis is complex, involving the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid-beta peptide aggregates. Innovative multitarget therapeutical compounds are being developed to delay disease progression and restore cell function, and research on new insights and emerging disease-modifying drugs is ongoing.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Yixin Tan, Quanzhu Chen, Xiaoling Li, Zhaoyang Zeng, Wei Xiong, Guiyuan Li, Xiayu Li, Jianbo Yang, Bo Xiang, Mei Yi
Summary: Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of cell death with tumor suppressive function and the ability to evoke anti-tumor immune responses. Cancer therapies induce pyroptosis, enhancing anti-tumor immunity, but also leading to side effects on normal cells.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Raquel Gomez-Bris, Angela Saez, Beatriz Herrero-Fernandez, Cristina Rius, Hector Sanchez-Martinez, Jose M. Gonzalez-Granado
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to chronic immune-mediated idiopathic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, presenting as Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). It is characterized by exacerbated innate and adaptive immunity in the gut, along with microbiota dysbiosis and disruption of the intestinal barrier, leading to increased bacterial exposure. CD4 T-cells play a crucial role in the development of IBD, with various phenotypes and interactions with other immune cells determining the progression of the disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Elio Haroun, Dibyendu Dutta, Seah H. H. Lim
Summary: In this study, GBT1118, an analog of voxelotor, was used to treat male Townes sickle cell disease (SCD) mice. The results showed that GBT1118 can improve the intestinal pathophysiology associated with SCD, including small intestinal barrier function, intestinal microbial density, enterocyte injury, serum lipopolysaccharides, and spleen size. These improvements were observed after only 3 weeks of GBT1118 treatment and also after experimentally-induced vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC).
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Yan Qiu, Benjamin Fernandez-Garcia, H. Immo Lehmann, Li Guoping, Guido Kroemer, Carlos Lopez-Otin, Xiao Junjie
Summary: Exercise plays an active role in improving physical fitness and sustaining health. It has been widely accepted as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for various diseases. Exercise maintains and restores homeostasis at multiple levels to stimulate positive physiological adaptations that protect against pathological conditions.
JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guido Kroemer, Jennifer L. McQuade, Miriam Merad, Fabrice Andre, Laurence Zitvogel
Summary: Traditionally, cancer research and therapy has focused on malignant cells and their tumor microenvironment. However, the communication between the tumor and the host is established through the vascular, lymphatic, and nervous systems. This intricate relationship is mediated by various factors, such as metabolites, neuroendocrine, pro-inflammatory, and immune circuitries, which influence the development and progression of malignant disease. Understanding this relationship will lead to improved systemic interventions and tumor control in cancer patients.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Norbert J. Tripolt, Sebastian J. Hofer, Peter N. Pferschy, Faisal Aziz, Sylvere Durand, Fanny Aprahamian, Nitharsshini Nirmalathasan, Mara Waltenstorfer, Tobias Eisenberg, Anna M. A. Obermayer, Regina Riedl, Harald Kojzar, Othmar Moser, Caren Sourij, Heiko Bugger, Abderrahim Oulhaj, Thomas R. Pieber, Matthias Zanker, Guido Kroemer, Frank Madeo, Harald Sourij
Summary: The effects of fasting on glucose metabolism were examined in non-obese and obese participants and people with type 2 diabetes. The results showed that after 36 hours of fasting, glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels were significantly decreased. Non-obese participants had higher glucose levels but lower insulin levels after 36 hours of fasting, while no significant differences were observed in obese participants or people with diabetes. Insulin sensitivity improved in all cohorts after 36 hours of fasting. Metabolomics analysis revealed subtle baseline differences and attenuated metabolic response to fasting in obese participants and people with diabetes.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yvonne Giannoula, Guido Kroemer, Federico Pietrocola
Summary: Cellular senescence involves cell cycle arrest, the acquisition of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and changes in cell surface proteins influencing the recognition of senescent cells by immune effectors. Excessive or insufficient senescent cell generation can contribute to pathological aging. Mechanisms such as immunosuppressive molecule expression and secretion of factors attracting immune cells into the microenvironment allow evasion of immune destruction. Immune interventions can target these mechanisms and stimulate an immune response against senescence-associated antigens.
BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Layale Youssef, Melanie Bourgin, Sylvere Durand, Fanny Aprahamian, Deborah Lefevre, Maria Chiara Maiuri, Vincent Marcangeli, Maude Dulac, Guy Hajj-Boutros, Fanny Buckinx, Eva Peyrusque, Pierrette Gaudreau, Jose A. Morais, Gilles Gouspillou, Guido Kroemer, Mylene Aubertin-Leheudre, Philippe Noirez
Summary: Participating in HIIT and MICT can improve the quality of life for obese older individuals, with significant changes observed in serum metabolites related to muscle strength, glycemic parameters, and lipid profile parameters. Further research is needed to confirm the association between these metabolites and healthy aging.
Article
Sport Sciences
Layale Youssef, Sylvere Durand, Fanny Aprahamian, Deborah Lefevre, Melanie Bourgin, Maria Chiara Maiuri, Maude Dulac, Guy Hajj-Boutros, Vincent Marcangeli, Fanny Buckinx, Eva Peyrusque, Jose A. Morais, Pierrette Gaudreau, Gilles Gouspillou, Guido Kroemer, Mylene Aubertin-Leheudre, Philippe Noirez
Summary: Physical activity and nutrition are important for preventing adverse health outcomes in aging. This study investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with citrulline (CIT) supplementation on serum metabolites in obese older adults. Results showed significant changes in 44 metabolites after the 12-week intervention, with 10 of them more affected by HIIT combined with CIT. Decreased triglycerides and aspartic acid were correlated with reduced adiposity-related parameters. Arginine, triglycerides, and aspartic acid may serve as biomarkers for cardiometabolic health and adiposity.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mahmoud Abdellatif, Frank Madeo, Simon Sedej, Guido Kroemer
EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel Barriuso, Lucia Alvarez-Frutos, Lucia Gonzalez-Gutierrez, Omar Motino, Guido Kroemer, Roberto Palacios-Ramirez, Laura Senovilla
Summary: The Bcl-2 family of proteins, known for regulating apoptosis, is also involved in cellular senescence. These proteins play a role in determining the entry into senescence and the expression levels are modulated during senescence, promoting cell survival. Manipulation of Bax and Bcl-2 expression affects the appearance and survival of tetraploid cells. Understanding the role of Bcl-2 family proteins in senescence can lead to new therapeutic strategies for targeting cancer cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Julia Kaellberg, Alexandra Harrison, Valerie March, Santa Berzina, Ivan Nemazanyy, Oliver Kepp, Guido Kroemer, Sophie Mouillet-Richard, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Valerie Taly, Wenjin Xiao
Summary: The high mortality rate in colorectal cancer (CRC) is mainly due to drug resistance caused by intratumor heterogeneity (ITH). This study investigated the interaction between different molecular subtypes of CRC cells and found that coculturing CMS1 and CMS4 cells increased their resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and promoted cellular invasion. The secretome of CMS1 cells played a protective role for CMS4 cells against 5-FU treatment and mediated the transfer of metabolites between CMS1 and CMS4 cells.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Jing Zhang, Christina Trojel-Hansen, Jianghuang Wang, Zili Zhang, Xing Wang, Yuhui Qiao, Huike Jiao, Mickael Michaud, Oliver Kepp, Marja Jäättelä, Guido Kroemer, Qing Zhong
Summary: An experimental inducer of TNF-independent necrosis, NC1, kills human cancer cells in a non-apoptotic, necrotic manner. The cell death induced by NC1 is not inhibited by apoptosis-related pathways, but depends on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by mitochondria and elimination of mitochondrial DNA. These findings suggest that inducing regulated necrosis may be a promising approach for anticancer therapy.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Vanessa Klapp, Beatriz Alvarez-Abril, Giuseppe Leuzzi, Guido Kroemer, Alberto Ciccia, Lorenzo Galluzzi
Summary: Genomic stability is vital for normal cells to prevent oncogenesis. The DNA damage response (DDR) plays a role as a tumor suppressor protein in preserving genomic stability, inducing the death of cells with unrepairable DNA lesions and engaging cell-extrinsic oncosuppression through immunosurveillance. However, DDR signaling in cancer cells can inhibit tumor-targeting immune responses, favoring tumor progression and therapy resistance. This article discusses the complex interactions between DDR and inflammation in the context of oncogenesis, tumor progression, and response to therapy.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Melanie Bourgin, Sylvere Durand, Guido Kroemer
Summary: Multiple studies have investigated the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity on various metabolomes to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The literature lacks consensus on the utility of metabolomic analyses for COVID-19 management, hence necessitating a critical assessment. Comparing mass spectrometric metabolomic studies on specimens from SARS-CoV2-infected patients, this study aims to identify relevant biomarkers by analyzing clinical design, technical aspects, and statistical analyses. Several metabolites in the plasma of COVID-19 patients may contribute to excessive inflammatory reactions and deficient immune control, revealing significant connections between whole-body metabolism and disease progression. Overall, mass spectrometric approaches show great potential for biomarker discovery if methodological standardization is implemented.
Review
Immunology
Daolin Tang, Guido Kroemer, Rui Kang
Summary: Ferroptosis is a regulated cell death process that occurs when there is an accumulation of toxic lipid peroxides, particularly in the plasma membrane, due to iron-dependency. While it is crucial for maintaining overall health, it can also lead to tissue damage and pathological conditions. Understanding the immune characteristics of ferroptosis in infection, sterile inflammation, and tumor immunity is important for developing therapeutic strategies.
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Laurence Zitvogel, Guido Kroemer
Summary: Dietary fibers, including chitin, have significant effects on gastrointestinal physiology and immunity. Depletion or supplementation of dietary fibers can have negative or positive effects on the immune system of the murine digestive tract, which is relevant to food allergies and systemic metabolism.
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Yuting Ma, Guido Kroemer
Summary: While there is little direct evidence supporting the effect of stress on cancer incidence, it does impact the evolution, dissemination, and therapeutic outcomes of tumors. Neuroendocrine changes and stress-associated immunomodulatory molecules play important roles in the interaction between stress and cancer immunity, with implications for cancer therapy.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
