Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Michael L. Marston, Andrew W. Ellis
Summary: Recent research shows that global warming is changing precipitation characteristics. Using traditional measures of precipitation along with the Gini coefficient and Lorenz asymmetry coefficient, this study found changes in precipitation characteristics across the United States, including increasing inequity in the temporal distribution of precipitation. Analysis suggests that atmospheric characteristics play a role in explaining trends and variability of precipitation characteristics observed in the US.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Gordon Cromley, Jie Lin
Summary: This study examines the relationship between the spatial separation patterns of racial groups and the accessibility of hospital services, finding that there is little difference in supply accessibility between racial groups, but significant differences in travel costs. Additionally, pursuing even congestion levels results in higher travel costs.
ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING B-URBAN ANALYTICS AND CITY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ting Zhou, Cheng Ni, Ming Zhang, Ping Xia
Summary: This study examines the spatial and temporal distribution of algal bloom in Chaohu Lake, China using the Gini coefficient and Lorenz asymmetry coefficient. Remote sensing images from three satellite sensors were analyzed to derive the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for each grid cell. The results reveal the uneven distribution and causes of algal bloom in Chaohu Lake, with the lake edge and northwestern part experiencing more severe and longer-lasting algal bloom due to nutrient import from upstream tributaries. The study provides a quantitative and comprehensive assessment method for understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of algal bloom.
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qianjun Ye, Zhenwei Li, Liangxia Duan, Xianli Xu
Summary: Karst landscapes are important water sources for a significant portion of the global population. This study investigated the temporal variations in intra-annual runoff in six karst watersheds in southwest China from 2003 to 2017 and identified the key drivers of these variations. The study found that climate variables and vegetation dynamics strongly influenced the variability in intra-annual runoff.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Shimaa M. Wahba
Summary: The study reveals that income and expenditure inequality in Egypt affects households' blue water-footprint, with the richest consuming significantly more water compared to the poorest. It emphasizes the need for a more rational allocation of water resources and implementation of water-saving strategies in Egypt.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Allison C. Michaelis, Gary M. Lackmann
Summary: This study explores how tropical cyclones transform into extratropical cyclones in baroclinic midlatitude environments, leading to significant impacts in the future climate scenario such as intensified precipitation and stronger near-surface winds. The research shows that post-transition events exhibit a northward latitudinal shift and a strengthening of the extratropical cyclone, with post-transformation storm intensity increasing significantly.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Qiqian Wu, Kai Yue, Yuandan Ma, Petr Hedenec, Yanjiang Cai, Jian Chen, Hui Zhang, Junjiong Shao, Scott X. Chang, Yan Li
Summary: Changes in precipitation regimes have different effects on soil nitrogen cycling in arid and humid regions. Increased precipitation leads to higher nitrogen input and output but lower nitrogen storage, while decreased precipitation has the opposite effect. Arid regions are more sensitive to increased precipitation, while humid regions are more sensitive to decreased precipitation.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zutao Ouyang, Pietro Sciusco, Tong Jiao, Sarah Feron, Cheyenne Lei, Fei Li, Ranjeet John, Peilei Fan, Xia Li, Christopher A. Williams, Guangzhao Chen, Chenghao Wang, Jiquan Chen
Summary: The replacement of natural lands with urban structures has led to a decrease in albedo, contributing to global warming. Future urban land expansion without proper mitigation will further exacerbate this effect.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fan Zhong, Zhongbin Xing, Rui Cao, Yansheng Liu, Yujia Ma, Weikang Shang, Mingyou Liang, Xinyuan Mei
Summary: It is found that the gas distributor jet hole area gradually increases with superficial gas velocity in an industrial-scale CRALR, and the rise in initial liquid height can lead to a transformation in flow regime. Gas oscillations affect gas holdup and the transition from homogeneous to heterogeneous flow regimes.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Eric Sauquet, Margaret Shanafield, John C. Hammond, Catherine Sefton, Catherine Leigh, Thibault Datry
Summary: This study examined the spatial and temporal variability of flow intermittence across four countries, showing that aridity index is the most relevant explanatory factor of flow intermittence globally. A global classification of intermittent rivers was developed for trend detection in the occurrence of no-flow days in the future.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Business
Seun-Young Park, Hyejeong Shin
Summary: Research has focused on proving real earnings management (REM) caused by managerial opportunism using the agency framework. By studying a sample of firms on the Korea Composite Stock Price Index from 2011 to 2019, the study explores the advantages of REM. Empirical results indicate a positive relationship between corporate globalization and the extent of REM, which also mitigates the negative relationship between REM and future performance in firms with low incentive for zero earnings. Global firms with more operational flexibility strategically utilize REM to overcome temporary crises and achieve better future performance.
EMERGING MARKETS FINANCE AND TRADE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Margot Bador, Lisa Alexander
Summary: Atmospheric warming leads to intensified annual precipitation globally, but there are uncertainties at regional and seasonal scales, especially for extreme events. This study analyzes 29 models from CMIP6 to investigate future seasonal changes in extreme precipitation and compare them with changes in mean precipitation. The findings show a strong intensification of the wettest day in all seasons over certain regions, while extreme intensity decreases in subtropical areas for some seasons. The key finding is that changes in mean and extreme precipitation align where there is high model agreement. Despite inherent uncertainties, this study suggests that future changes in mean precipitation could be used to infer future changes in extremes, providing valuable information for risk planning and mitigation strategies.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Wei Wang, Yongyong Zhang, Xin Geng, Qiuhong Tang
Summary: A comprehensive assessment of future impacts of land use and climate changes on flow regimes was conducted using various methods, revealing significant changes in flow patterns and land cover in the Yellow River Source Region. Climate change was found to be the main driver behind flow regime variations, while land use change primarily affected flow variability and characteristics of high flow events.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew J. Cooper, Randall Martin, Melanie S. Hammer, Pieternel F. Levelt, Pepijn Veefkind, Lok N. Lamsal, Nickolay A. Krotkov, Jeffrey R. Brook, Chris A. McLinden
Summary: Using satellite observations of NO2 column densities, we derived spatially resolved ground-level NO2 concentrations globally and compared them between cities during the COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020 and 2019. The study found that strict lockdown conditions were associated with a 29% ± 3% decrease in average country-level population-weighted NO2 concentrations compared to countries without lockdowns. The decrease in NO2 during COVID-19 lockdowns exceeded year-to-year decreases from emission controls and was comparable to reductions equivalent to 15 ± 4 years globally.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sharmistha Mishra, Huiting Ma, Gary Moloney, Kristy C. Y. Yiu, Dariya Darvin, David Landsman, Jeffrey C. Kwong, Andrew Calzavara, Sharon Straus, Adrienne K. Chan, Effie Gournis, Heather Rilkoff, Yiqing Xia, Alan Katz, Tyler Williamson, Kamil Malikov, Rafal Kustra, Mathieu Maheu-Giroux, Beate Sander, Stefan D. Baral
Summary: This study found that there were inequalities in the distribution of COVID-19 based on social determinants of health in Toronto. There were significant differences in the disease burden among different population groups. Moving forward, it is important to integrate programs and policies addressing socioeconomic inequities and structural racism into COVID-19 prevention and vaccination programs.
ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Noriko N. Ishizaki, Hideo Shiogama, Naota Hanasaki, Kiyoshi Takahashi, Tosiyuki Nakaegawa
Summary: Representing the spatial dependence on temporal variations in climate scenarios is important for impact assessments in various sectors. This study analyzed the spatial aspects of climate scenarios in Japan and found that the performance was strongly dependent on the grid spacing of the parent model in simple downscaling processes. The combination of an analogue method and bias correction has the potential to effectively represent the spatial aspects of climate scenarios.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jim Falk, Rita R. Colwell, Swadhin K. Behera, Adel S. El-Beltagy, Peter H. Gleick, Charles F. Kennel, Yuan Tseh Lee, Cherry A. Murray, Ismail Serageldin, Kazuhiko Takeuchi, Tetsuzo Yasunari, Chiho Watanabe, Joanne Kauffman, Kurt Soderland, Ismahane Elouafi, Raj Paroda, Ashok K. Chapagain, John Rundle, Naota Hanasaki, Haruo Hayashi, Ebun Akinsete, Sachiko Hayashida
Summary: The past 12 months have further confirmed the potential for ecological and socio-political crises that were previously warned about. Extreme climate events, pandemics, and wars have compounded the risks and challenges faced by vulnerable populations. RACC proposes measures to enhance the resilience of these populations in the face of emerging crises.
SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jiabo Yin, Pierre Gentine, Louise Slater, Lei Gu, Yadu Pokhrel, Naota Hanasaki, Shenglian Guo, Lihua Xiong, Wolfram Schlenker
Summary: The frequency of compound drought-heatwave events is expected to increase by tenfold globally due to climate change, resulting in significant negative impacts on vegetation and socio-economic productivity. This is mainly attributed to the negative coupling between terrestrial water storage and temperature, which constrains the formation of terrestrial carbon sink. It is projected that over 90% of the global population and gross domestic product will be exposed to increasing risks of compound drought-heatwaves in the future, with poorer and more rural areas experiencing more severe impacts. These findings provide crucial insights for assessing and mitigating the adverse effects of compound hazards on ecosystems and human well-being.
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chae Yeon Park, Kiyoshi Takahashi, Fang Li, Junya Takakura, Shinichiro Fujimori, Tomoko Hasegawa, Akihiko Ito, Dong Kun Lee, Wim Thiery
Summary: Fires and their emissions have multiple impacts on the environment and society, including negative effects on human health, terrestrial ecosystems, and climate change. Previous studies focused on the influence of climate change and population growth but didn't consider the compound effects of economic development and land use change. In this research, we analyzed fire carbon emissions in the 21st century by changing five factors. Global future fire carbon emissions were found to decrease due to increased GDP per capita and improved fire management. Meteorological factors had a strong influence, with boreal forests expected to experience increased fires due to fuel dryness. This study provides valuable insights for climate change researchers to consider fire-carbon interactions and develop mitigation and adaptation plans.
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE-HUMAN AND POLICY DIMENSIONS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Deng Ke, Kiyoshi Takahashi, Jun'ya Takakura, Kaoru Takara, Bahareh Kamranzad
Summary: Researchers have found substantial evidence of increasing extreme temperature events, which will have implications for public health and emergency medical resources. A method has been developed to predict the number of heat-related ambulance calls using machine-learning models. The inclusion of heatwave features significantly improves prediction accuracy.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Debanjali Saha, Kazuo Oki, Koshi Yoshida, Naota Hanasaki, Hideaki Kamiya
Summary: The flood retention capacity of paddy fields in Japan is well-known, although previous studies have not fully explored their potential in large river basins. This study improved a hydrological model to simulate the reduction in peak discharge from paddy reservoirs in the Abukuma River basin of Japan. The results showed that paddy reservoirs can effectively reduce peak discharge, especially in areas with high paddy coverage.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Julien Boulange, Takeo Yoshida, Kazuya Nishina, Masashi Okada, Naota Hanasaki
Summary: Increasing demands for accurate water risk indicators have led to the development of interactive websites. However, these websites often lack descriptions of data sources and limitations, and do not consider uncertainty. To address these limitations, the H08 Water Risk Tool provides rigorous assessments of historical and future water resources, incorporating advanced hydrological simulations. The tool allows interpretation of high-quality water risk indicators and ensures transparency through open-source tools and detailed methodology.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Sonali McDermid, Mallika Nocco, Patricia Lawston-Parker, Jessica Keune, Yadu Pokhrel, Meha Jain, Jonas Jaegermeyr, Luca Brocca, Christian Massari, Andrew D. Jones, Pouya Vahmani, Wim Thiery, Yi Yao, Andrew Bell, Liang Chen, Wouter Dorigo, Naota Hanasaki, Scott Jasechko, Min-Hui Lo, Rezaul Mahmood, Vimal Mishra, Nathaniel D. Mueller, Dev Niyogi, Sam S. Rabin, Lindsey Sloat, Yoshihide Wada, Luca Zappa, Fei Chen, Benjamin I. Cook, Hyungjun Kim, Danica Lombardozzi, Jan Polcher, Dongryeol Ryu, Joe Santanello, Yusuke Satoh, Sonia Seneviratne, Deepti Singh, Tokuta Yokohata
Summary: Irrigation accounts for a large majority of global freshwater withdrawals and consumptive water use, causing significant impacts on the Earth system. This Review provides a summary of how irrigation currently affects key components of the Earth system. It is estimated that over 3.6 million km(2) of land is currently being irrigated, with hot spots in the US High Plains, California Central Valley, Indo-Gangetic Basin, and northern China. Process-based models estimate that around 2,700 +/- 540 km(3) of irrigation water is withdrawn globally each year, and this is broadly consistent with reported values from countries, despite uncertainties.
NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Takahiro Oda, Jun'ya Takakura, Longlong Tang, Toshichika Iizumi, Norihiro Itsubo, Haruka Ohashi, Masashi Kiguchi, Naoko Kumano, Kiyoshi Takahashi, Masahiro Tanoue, Makoto Tamura, Qian Zhou, Naota Hanasaki, Tomoko Hasegawa, Chan Park, Yasuaki Hijioka, Yukiko Hirabayashi, Shinichiro Fujimori, Yasushi Honda, Tetsuya Matsui, Hiroyuki Matsuda, Hiromune Yokoki, Taikan Oki
Summary: This study estimates the aggregated cost of climate change by using an integrated assessment model and detailed-process-based climate impact models, along with different discount rates for market and non-market values. The results show that setting a lower discount rate for non-market value, i.e., a higher estimate for future value, makes the aggregated cost of achieving the Paris Agreement economically reasonable.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lena Gurriaran, Katsumasa Tanaka, Kiyoshi Takahashi, Philippe Ciais
Summary: This study predicts the future changes in power production and carbon intensity in Japan based on climate change scenarios. It reveals that the impact of climate change on power demand and CO2 emissions varies by season and region, with extreme climate regions being more sensitive to global warming.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Shinichiro Fujimori, Tomoko Hasegawa, Ken Oshiro, Shiya Zhao, Katsuya Sasaki, Junya Takakura, Kiyoshi Takahashi
Summary: Many countries have set ambitious long-term emissions reduction targets to align with the Paris Agreement, but such efforts may have adverse effects on poverty through economic channels. Our study shows that climate change mitigation, excluding climate change impacts, has the potential to increase global poverty by 69 million (19%) in 2030, mainly driven by income and price changes. However, measures such as emission regulations and enhanced energy efficiency standards can help mitigate this adverse side effect.
SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Zhipin Ai, Naota Hanasaki
Summary: A better understanding of the food-water nexus requires an integrated model that can simulate both food production and water resources. By calibrating parameters and improving algorithms, we enhanced the H08 model to simulate crop yields, and found that the effects of CO2 fertilization and vapor pressure deficit had opposite impacts on crop yield.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Stefan Fronzek, Yasushi Honda, Akihiko Ito, Joao Pedro Nunes, Nina Pirttioja, Jouni Raisanen, Kiyoshi Takahashi, Emma Terama, Minoru Yoshikawa, Timothy R. Carter
Summary: Estimates of future climate change impacts can be made more accurate by using large ensembles of projections and incorporating adaptation strategies. This study demonstrates an approach that combines model-based impact response surfaces (IRSs) with probabilistic projections of climate change and population to estimate the likelihood of exceeding pre-specified thresholds of impact. The results of simulations in European case study regions show high likelihoods of increased heat-related human mortality and decreased crop yields, highlighting the importance of proactive adaptation measures.
CLIMATE RISK MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Inne Vanderkelen, Shervan Gharari, Naoki Mizukami, Martyn P. Clark, David M. Lawrence, Sean Swenson, Yadu Pokhrel, Naota Hanasaki, Ann van Griensven, Wim Thiery
Summary: Human-controlled reservoirs have a significant impact on the global water cycle, but the accurate representation of reservoir regulation is lacking in Earth system models. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a widely used reservoir parametrization in a global river-routing model and highlights its clear added value in simulating storage for large reservoirs. However, for global applications, the performance of the reservoir parametrization is similar to representing reservoirs as natural lakes.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2022)