Article
Environmental Sciences
Hong-Fei Fan, Yan-Zhen Wang, Guo-Xing Chen, Wei-Yun Chen, Kai Zhao, Sheng-Dong Zhu
Summary: Earthquake in the sea area is a crucial factor influencing the safety of marine engineering construction. Studying the seabed site seismic responses affected by seawater, seabed soft sediments, and bedrock earthquake motion is an important preliminary work for marine engineering construction. The research establishes layered seabed models based on a fluid-solid weak coupling model to simulate seawater-seabed interaction, and analyzes the seabed site seismic responses under bidirectional seismic excitation.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xuying Liu, Xiao Cheng, Qi Liang, Teng Li, Fukai Peng, Zhaohui Chi, Jiaying He
Summary: The study of iceberg D28's grounding process in East Antarctica reveals a more complex submarine topography than previously thought, where sea water is shown to play a more dominant role than wind in propelling iceberg movement.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Shudong He, Youduo Peng, Yongping Jin, Jian Yan, Buyan Wan
Summary: This paper simulated soft viscous seabed sediments and established a numerical model to study the influence of parameters such as sampling tube diameter, drainage area rate, penetration velocity, and sediments dynamic viscosity on the coring rate and volume. Real-world sampling experiments were conducted to verify the simulation results, and the findings can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the design of seabed sediment samplers.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Pierre Agrinier, Joris Gieskes, Gowtham Subbarao, Gerard Bardoux, Magali Bonifacie
Summary: This study investigates the chlorine isotope disequilibrium between chlorides in pore fluids and chlorides in seawater and its impact on chlorine isotope exchange between ocean sediment pore fluids and seawater. The findings show a progressive decrease in Cl-37 in chlorides with depth in pore fluids, indicating the release of Cl-37-enriched chlorine into seawater. The majority of chlorine is contained in pore fluids as chlorides, with other sinks being insignificant. The study extends the analysis to multiple oceanic sites and estimates worldwide chloride flux and chloride exchange time.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Meghna Krishnadas
Summary: Neighbouring plants play a role in shaping the performance of their own species and other species. Understanding how these interactions change with rainfall can help explain patterns of plant diversity and predict responses to global environmental change.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
V. Kitsios, J. S. Frederiksen, T. J. O'Kane
Summary: Ocean circulation dynamics is a complex system with various interactions between different scales and components, which can be effectively represented and simulated using numerical models. The accuracy of these simulations depends on proper parameterizations, especially for the subgrid interactions. In this study, parameterizations for different classes of subgrid interactions are developed and validated in idealized Antarctic Circumpolar Current flows.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shenjie Zhou, Andrew J. S. Meijers, Michael P. P. Meredith, E. Povl Abrahamsen, Paul R. R. Holland, Alessandro Silvano, Jean-Baptiste Sallee, Svein Osterhus
Summary: As climate change alters sea-ice formation and circulation patterns, there has been a reduction in dense-water formation around Antarctica. The Weddell Sea has experienced over 40% reduction in dense-water formation since 1992, which could impact global overturning circulation. This study highlights the importance of Antarctic Bottom Water for oceanic heat and carbon sequestration, and the observed decrease in Weddell Sea Bottom Water volume since 1992.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maitri Tomar, Jamie Beros, Bruno Meloni, Jennifer Rodger
Summary: Topographic mapping is crucial for the structural and functional organization of brain regions and disruption of this process is linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. This review focuses on the mechanisms involved in creating and refining well-defined maps in the brain, with emphasis on the Eph and ephrin families of axon guidance cues. Transgenic models manipulating ephrin-A expression and behavioral consequences of lacking ephrin-A guidance cues are discussed. The review also explores the therapeutic potential of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in compensating for disrupted brain organization in neurodevelopmental disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Hilde Oliver, Weifeng Gordon Zhang, Kevin M. Archibald, Andrew J. Hirzel, Walker O. Smith, Heidi M. Sosik, Rachel H. R. Stanley, Dennis J. McGillicuddy
Summary: This study investigates the characteristics of chlorophyll concentrations at the shelf break of the Mid-Atlantic Bight region. The enhanced chlorophyll concentrations occur primarily in spring and are driven by Ekman restratification driven by upfront winds.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2022)
Article
Acoustics
Michael J. Buckingham
Summary: An analysis of the plane wave reflection coefficient of the seabed is conducted for two types of upward-refracting sediment sound speed profiles. It is found that a linear profile exhibits total reflection regardless of the gradient, while a three-parameter inverse-square profile expresses a general expression for the reflection coefficient that applies to all angles and frequencies.
JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sergiy Mankovsky, Svitlana Polesya, Hubert Ebert
Summary: This paper discusses the mechanism behind the three-spin chiral interaction (TCI) in the extended Heisenberg Hamiltonian, emphasizing its unique set of multispin exchange parameters and demonstrating the common topological properties between TCI and TOS. Through numerical calculations, the influence of the relativistic spin-orbit coupling (SOC) on TCI is shown, with the introduction of topological spin susceptibility.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Canru Li, Xiangdong Liu, Yan Li, Yuan Jiang, Xianghui Guo, David A. Hutchins, Jian Ma, Xin Lin, Minhan Dai
Summary: This study provides experimental evidence of the interaction between phytoplankton and olivine dissolution, demonstrating that olivine dissolution promotes the growth of phytoplankton, particularly highly silicified diatoms. This has significant implications for ocean alkalinization research.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Mengyu Deng, Riyu Lu, Chaofan Li
Summary: This study investigates the differences in rainfall amounts between eastern and western Sichuan in mid-summer. The research finds that the interannual variations of extreme rainfall in these two regions are roughly independent and are influenced by large-scale circulation and sea surface temperature anomalies. The enhanced extreme rainfall in western Sichuan is associated with a southward shift of the Asian westerly jet, while the enhanced extreme rainfall in eastern Sichuan is related to an anticyclonic anomaly in the upper troposphere over China. At low levels, the enhanced extreme rainfall in western Sichuan is influenced by wind anomalies, while in eastern Sichuan, it is related to southerly anomalies. Finally, the enhanced extreme rainfall in western and eastern Sichuan is linked to warmer and cooler sea surface temperatures in the Maritime Continent and equatorial central Pacific, respectively.
ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Oscar Dimdore-Miles, Lesley Gray, Scott Osprey, Jon Robson, Rowan Sutton, Bablu Sinha
Summary: Variations in the strength of the Northern Hemisphere winter polar stratospheric vortex can influence surface variability in the Atlantic sector. This study explores the interaction between stratospheric vortex variability and ocean circulation on decadal to multi-decadal timescales. The results show that persistent anomalous vortex behavior leads to oscillatory responses in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), and AMOC variations on longer timescales can impact the vortex response through the equatorial Pacific and quasi-biennial oscillation. Moreover, the study estimates that around 30% of the recent negative trend in AMOC observations may be attributed to the 8-year SSW hiatus in the 1990s.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Ocean
S. A. Brown, N. Xie, M. R. Hann, D. M. Greaves
Summary: Wave-driven hydroelasticity is crucial in offshore and coastal engineering, but its impacts may vary depending on specific cases, highlighting the need for accurate numerical tools. This study provides novel experimental data to aid in the development of a coupled numerical methodology for simulating highly-flexible floating structures' fully nonlinear hydroelastic interactions.
APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Chelsea N. Peters, Charles Kimsal, Ryan S. Frederiks, Anner Paldor, Rachel McQuiggan, Holly A. Michael
Summary: The study highlights the connection between groundwater pumping and coastal stream salinity, showing that increased pumping can lead to further saltwater intrusion along coasts, with potential impacts surpassing those of sea-level rise or geomorphic change. Groundwater pumping poses a significant risk to the ecological balance of estuarine ecosystems, emphasizing the importance of considering this factor in coastal water management.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Barry Allred, Luis Martinez, Sami Khanal, Audrey H. Sawyer, Greg Rouse
Summary: This study conducted a preliminary assessment on the feasibility of using UAV thermal infrared surveys to locate agricultural subsurface drainage system outlets. The results showed that the UAV surveys were successful in detecting thermal responses associated with drainage system pipe outlets in smaller waterways, but not in larger streams. Therefore, the use of UAV thermal infrared imagery to map drainage system outlet locations may have limitations.
AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Lauren K. Mancewicz, Alex Mayer, Christian Langevin, Jason Gulley
Summary: The impact of groundwater inundation on island and coastal freshwater resources is significant. Previous numerical simulations were unable to incorporate solute transport and variable density flow, limiting their accuracy. A new tool called the Lake Transport Package has been developed to address these limitations and has shown promising results in representing groundwater inundation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xuan Yu, Joshua J. LeMonte, Junxia Li, Jason W. Stuckey, Donald L. Sparks, John G. Cargill, Christopher J. Russoniello, Holly A. Michael
Summary: Historical industrial activities have caused soil contamination at coastlines worldwide, which are susceptible to disruptions by climate change and rising sea levels. However, the effects of hydrologic dynamics on contaminant transportation in tidal environments have not been extensively studied. This research collected data from various sensors at a contaminated site near a freshwater tidal channel and found that seasonal groundwater interactions and sub-daily water level fluctuations in the channel contribute to varying redox conditions and contaminant concentrations. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the impacts of sea-level rise on the mobility of coastal solutes.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Giovanna Nordio, Ryan Frederiks, Mary Hingst, Joel Carr, Matt Kirwan, Keryn Gedan, Holly Michael, Sergio Fagherazzi
Summary: Recent studies have mostly focused on the impact of large tropical cyclones on shorelines, disregarding the effects of less intense but more frequent events. This study analyzes the influence of offshore tropical storm Melissa on groundwater along the North America Atlantic coast. The findings show that Melissa led to a significant increase in groundwater level and specific conductivity, with a longer recovery time for conductivity. The study suggests that the increasing frequency of moderate storms will have a significant ecological impact on vegetated shorelines.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Mary C. C. Hingst, Rachel W. W. McQuiggan, Chelsea N. N. Peters, Changming He, A. Scott Andres, Holly A. A. Michael
Summary: Coastal agricultural zones are being affected by salinization caused by sea-level rise, leading to reduced crop yields and abandonment of farmland. This study implemented a monitoring network to understand the mechanisms and drivers of seawater intrusion, highlighting the significance of monitoring and stakeholder engagement in mitigating the effects of salinization and supporting coastal resilience.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Utkarsh Gangwal, A. R. Siders, Jennifer Horney, Holly A. Michael, Shangjia Dong
Summary: This study examines the accessibility of communities to critical facilities during flooding. The findings highlight the risk of severe facility access loss due to flood isolation, especially for vulnerable groups. Additionally, critical roads for post-flooding access to these facilities are identified.
SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT INFRASTRUCTURE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Joseph D. D. Hughes, Christian D. D. Langevin, Scott R. R. Paulinski, Joshua D. D. Larsen, David Brakenhoff
Summary: FloPy is a Python package that supports the creation, running, and post-processing of MODFLOW-based groundwater flow and transport models. It now includes support for MODFLOW 6 and unstructured grids, making it easier to download MODFLOW-based and other executables on different operating systems. FloPy's expanded capabilities allow for structured and unstructured spatial discretizations, geoprocessing of spatial features and raster data, direct access to simulated output data, extended plotting capabilities, and exporting of model data to various formats for analysis and visualization by other software products.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Xiaolang Zhang, Audrey H. Sawyer, Kamini Singha
Summary: An increasing number of studies have used saline tracer injections and time-lapse electrical resistivity (ER) surveys to investigate solute exchange in the hyporheic zone. However, the reliability and resolution of ER surveys in the hyporheic zone have been rarely discussed. This study uses numerical modeling to evaluate the ability of ER imaging to resolve changes in saline tracer concentration in the hyporheic zone, and finds that the inversion process introduces smoothing and artifacts, leading to inaccurate measurements of the cross-sectional area of the tracer plume.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Feng Pan, Kai Xiao, Yu Cai, Hailong Li, Zhanrong Guo, Xinhong Wang, Yan Zheng, Chunmiao Zheng, Benjamin Carlos Bostick, Holly A. Michael
Summary: Global warming and sea-level rise have significant effects on coastal mangrove ecosystems, particularly on the behavior of benthic crabs and their impact on sediment properties and material cycles. This study explores how crab bioturbation affects the movement of bioavailable arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), and sulfide in sediment-water systems, and how these processes are influenced by temperature and sea-level rise. The results indicate that crab burrowing enhances oxidizing conditions, leading to increased mobilization and release of Sb but sequestration of As by iron/manganese oxides. The study also highlights the spatial heterogeneity of labile sulfide, As, and Sb in bioturbated sediments, and the contrasting effects of warming and sea-level rise on benthic bioturbation and redox chemistry.
Article
Environmental Sciences
A. Marshall, X. Zhang, A. H. Sawyer, E. Wohl, K. Singha
Summary: The logjams in a stream create transient storage zones within the surface and subsurface of the stream, which is influenced by logjam distribution density, permeability, and discharge. Experimental flume studies and numerical simulations show that multiple logjams enhance hyporheic exchange and surface water storage. Understanding logjam characteristics is important for managing rivers in forested environments.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Zhongyuan Xu, Mahfuzur R. Khan, Kazi Matin Ahmed, Anwar Zahid, Jayaram Hariharan, Paola Passalacqua, Elisabeth Steel, Austin Chadwick, Chris Paola, Steven L. L. Goodbred Jr, Anner Paldor, Holly A. Michael
Summary: Groundwater is the primary water source in the Bengal Delta, but it is under threat from contamination. By using surface information to model subsurface features, the predictions of groundwater flow can be improved. The land surface features in active deltas play a significant role in evaluating groundwater vulnerability to contamination.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Christian D. Langevin, Joseph D. Hughes, Alden M. Provost, Martijn J. Russcher, Sorab Panday
Summary: MODFLOW 6 is the latest groundwater modeling software released by the U.S. Geological Survey, which supports the integration and interaction of multiple hydrologic processes and has flexible model configuration capabilities.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Joshua D. Larsen, Christian D. Langevin, Joseph D. Hughes, Richard G. Niswonger
Summary: An agricultural water use package has been developed using MODFLOW 6 and the MODFLOW Application Programming Interface (API). This package improves the representation of highly managed systems by implementing new features and support for different irrigation providers. Three example problems were used to demonstrate the accuracy of the package in simulating irrigation demand and delivery.
Article
Ecology
Damian L. Arevalo-Martinez, Amir Haroon, Hermann W. Bange, Ercan Erkul, Marion Jegen, Nils Moosdorf, Jens Schneider von Deimling, Christian Berndt, Michael Ernst Boettcher, Jasper Hoffmann, Volker Liebetrau, Ulf Mallast, Gudrun Massmann, Aaron Micallef, Holly A. Michael, Hendrik Paasche, Wolfgang Rabbel, Isaac Santos, Jan Scholten, Katrin Schwalenberg, Beata Szymczycha, Ariel T. Thomas, Joonas J. Virtasalo, Hannelore Waska, Bradley A. Weymer
Summary: For thousands of years, humans have been attracted to coastlines for their resource potential and as geopolitical centers. The supply and demand of potable water are crucial for water security in coastal communities, but the interaction between freshwater and saltwater in coastal settings is complicated by natural and human-driven environmental changes. Understanding groundwater fluxes across the land-sea continuum is important for (bio)geochemical budgets and the potential use of offshore freshened groundwater as a resource. Assessing land-ocean connectivity through groundwater requires a multidisciplinary approach and is relevant for climate change, pollution, and sustainable development goals.
