Journal
WATER RESEARCH
Volume 58, Issue -, Pages 248-257Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.03.074
Keywords
Anaerobic digester; Compost; Conjugates; Estrogen; Fresh excreta
Funding
- National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2010CB429003]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [20877009]
Ask authors/readers for more resources
The occurrence of four free estrogens, four conjugated estrogens, and bisphenol A (BPA) was investigated in three cow farms, four swine farms, and five chicken farms. The daily total estrogen (free and conjugated) excretions of a cow were 145.23-179.27 mu g/d mainly through feces (92%), while swine excreted 42.56-219.25 mu g/d of estrogens mainly through urine (98-99%). Estrogen conjugates contributed 14.6-48.8% to the total estrogen excretions in cow feces and more than 98% in swine urine. A chicken excreted 0.66-12.78 mu g/d of total estrogens through feces, among which 34.2-100% was contributed by conjugated estrogens. The total estrogen removal efficiencies of manure anaerobic digesters and composters were 14.7-21.8% and less than 70.1%, respectively. Estrogens (E1, 17 beta-E2, E1-3S, and E2-3S) still existed in treated manure at concentrations up to 2695 +/- 181 ng/L (anaerobic digestate) and at contents up to 80.8 +/- 6.0 ng/g (compost). BPA was found in feces and compost samples at similar contents (nd-25 ng/g), and approximately 60-70% of BPA was removed in wastewater treatment facilities. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available