Review
Immunology
Weihang Luo, Jindong Hu, Weifang Xu, Jingcheng Dong
Summary: The immune response in the asthmatic respiratory tract is driven by CD4(+) T helper cells, especially Th2 cells. Asthma is a heterogeneous and progressive disease, with different stages of the disease course showing different immune responses. The complex immune networks in the inflammatory airway make it challenging to find a universal treatment for all asthmatics.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yuxuan Li, Yang Jie, Xiaofei Wang, Jing Lu
Summary: The study found that serum IL-35 levels were associated with obesity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Overweight patients with RA had significantly lower IL-35 levels compared to lean patients and showed characteristic immunological features of Th1/Th2/Th17-related cytokines.
Article
Immunology
Haiyan Bian, Lisheng Wang, Chengwen Gao, Zhihe Liu, Yang Sun, Minghui Hu, Yujing Xiao, Fengyun Hao, Yushuo Ma, Xia Zhao
Summary: This study explores the expression and clinical significance of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines and lymphocyte subsets in patients with Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). The results show significant differences in cytokines and lymphocyte subsets between PCNSL patients, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients, and healthy controls. These findings provide valuable information for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of PCNSL.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Stephany Bonin Godinho dos Santos, Janaina Carla da Silva, Hellen dos Santos Jaques, Marina Ferronato Dalla Vecchia, Mariane Okamoto Ferreira, Daniel Rech, Matheus Ryan Noah Sierota da Silva, Roberta Bonin Godinho dos Santos, Carolina Panis, Dalila Moter Benvegnu
Summary: Pesticide exposure has significant effects on the immune status and prognosis of breast cancer patients. Changes in cytokine levels, especially those related to tumor control, were observed in women occupationally exposed to pesticides, and these changes were associated with worse clinical outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Chun Hua Piao, Yanjing Fan, Thi Van Nguyen, Chang Ho Song, Hyoung Tae Kim, Ok Hee Chai
Summary: This study investigated the effect of PM2.5 on NF-κB signaling in an ovalbumin-induced CARAS mouse model. The results showed that PM2.5 increased infiltration of eosinophils and inflammatory cells, increased specific IgE levels, activated NF-κB pathway, and induced an inflammatory response.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Ekaterina Martynova, Albert Rizvanov, Richard A. Urbanowicz, Svetlana Khaiboullina
Summary: This review focuses on the mechanisms of inflammasome activation and their role in the development of Th1, Th2, and Th17 lymphocytes. The contribution of cytokines released from activated inflammasomes to the immune response is summarized, along with the discussion of the role of cytokines released from tissue cells in promoting lymphocyte differentiation.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Sriram Yandrapally, Anushka Agarwal, Archismita Chatterjee, Satarupa Sarkar, Krishnaveni Mohareer, Sharmistha Banerjee
Summary: This study found that the Mtb-secreted transcription factor EspR can directly regulate the expression of host cytokine genes, thereby increasing the survival of mycobacteria and the propagation of HIV. EspR activates the expression of IL-4, inducing a specific immune microenvironment and shifting macrophage polarization to an M2 state, which inhibits the clearance of intracellular mycobacteria and promotes the propagation of HIV.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Yuan Qian, Gabriel Arellano, Igal Ifergan, Jean Lin, Caroline Snowden, Taehyeung Kim, Jane Joy Thomas, Calvin Law, Tianxia Guan, Roumen D. Balabanov, Susan M. Kaech, Stephen D. Miller, Jaehyuk Choi
Summary: Inappropriate CD4(+) T cell differentiation can affect immune response and autoimmune diseases. The study identified a key role for Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox (ZEB1) in regulating autoimmune inflammation, particularly through inhibition of JAK-STAT signaling. ZEB1 and JAK2 downregulation reduces pathogenic cytokine expression in T cells from MS patients, suggesting a potential targetable mechanism for regulating disease-related inflammation.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stefano Piazza, Marco Fumagalli, Giulia Martinelli, Carola Pozzoli, Nicole Maranta, Marco Angarano, Enrico Sangiovanni, Mario Dell'Agli
Summary: Plants rich in hydrolyzable tannins have traditionally been used for the treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders. However, limited knowledge of their immunological targets hinders their rational use in phytotherapy. Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of inflammatory-based diseases provide an opportunity to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms of these plant-derived metabolites with immunomodulatory activity. This review summarizes recent articles on the role of hydrolyzable tannins and their gut metabolites in various inflammatory responses.
Article
Immunology
Reza Gheitasi, Fariba Keramat, Sara Khosravi, Mehrdad Hajilooi, Mathias W. Pletz, Oliwia Makarewicz
Summary: This study investigated the expression levels of Th2 and Th17 immunity-related factors in different stages of Brucella infections. The results showed that Th2-LCR lncRNA and TRAF3IP2 might be good indicators of acute brucellosis, while IL-25 and IL-17RB failed to differentiate between infected and non-infected groups. Further studies on larger cohorts with well-defined inclusion criteria are needed to verify the suitability of these factors as indicators for brucellosis.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Philipp Burt, Michael Peine, Caroline Peine, Zuzanna Borek, Sebastian Serve, Michael Flossdorf, Ahmed N. Hegazy, Thomas Hoefer, Max Loehning, Kevin Thurley
Summary: Selective differentiation of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells into specialized subsets is crucial for appropriate immune responses. While canonical Th-cell lineages are well understood, the transcriptional architecture of hybrid phenotypes remains unclear. This study explored the transcriptome of Th-cell differentiation, revealing an early bifurcation point in gene expression programs. Hybrid Th1/2 cells showed mixed effects from Th1 and Th2 cells for a minority of genes, while others followed a Th1 and Th2 cell-independent transcriptional program. These findings emphasize the importance of longitudinal data for characterizing cellular phenotypes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yumei Zhou, Linhan Hu, Honglei Zhang, Haiyun Zhang, Juntong Liu, Xiaoshan Zhao, Ji Wang, Qi Wang
Summary: The study found that GMK achieves a similar effect as dexamethasone in controlling symptoms of allergic asthma and inhibiting inflammation, reconstructs the immune balance of Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 cells, and impacts asthma treatment by altering gut microbiota. Metabolome results reveal specific substances associated with Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 cell balance.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xiao-Di Chen, Jing Xie, Yong Wei, Ji-Feng Yu, Ye Cao, Lu Xiao, Xue-Jing Wu, Cong-Jian Mao, Run-Min Kang, Yong-Gang Ye
Summary: Despite long-term control efforts, hepatic coccidiosis caused by Eimeria stiedai infection remains persistent in rabbits in China. This study provides the first evidence of changes in Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17/Th9/Th21 cells in rabbits infected with E. stiedai, offering insights into immune regulation mechanisms and potential vaccine development.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Andrea Itano, Douglas Maslin, Kritika Ramani, Golbarg Mehraei, Nancy Carpenter, Taylor Cormack, Mahdi Saghari, Matthijs Moerland, Erin Troy, Will Caffry, Leslie Wardwell-Scott, Stuart Abel, Duncan McHale, Mark Bodmer
Summary: This study introduces EDP1815, a non-colonizing pharmaceutical preparation derived from a single strain of Prevotella histicola. The research demonstrates that EDP1815 can regulate inflammatory responses throughout the body when taken orally and restricted to the gut.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yee Huang, Li Nan, Chenwen Xiao, Jie Dong, Ke Li, Jvfen Cheng, Quanan Ji, Qiang Wei, Guolian Bao, Yan Liu
Summary: The study successfully developed GAN-OMV, which can stimulate Th1/Th2/Th17 immune responses against Bb and provide a promising strategy for novel vaccine development against the microbial pathogen. GAN-OMV showed a stable core-shell structure and effectively internalized into macrophages through multiple endocytotic pathways, promoting cell proliferation, cytokine secretion, and M1 polarization. Subcutaneous GAN-OMV vaccination significantly enhanced specific antibody production, lymphocyte proliferation, and the production of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Virology
Naiqing Xu, Xinen Tang, Xin Wang, Miao Cai, Xiaowen Liu, Xiaolong Lu, Shunlin Hu, Min Gu, Jiao Hu, Ruyi Gao, Kaituo Liu, Yu Chen, Xiufan Liu, Xiaoquan Wang
Summary: This study found that the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus has a high airborne transmissibility, while the H7N9 virus does not. The Hemagglutinin protein of the H9N2 virus was found to play a key role in replication, stability, and airborne transmission.
Article
Virology
Samar S. Ewies, Sabry M. Tamam, Ahmed S. Abdel-Moneim, Sherin R. Rouby
Summary: Contagious ecthyma (CE) is a highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats worldwide. The study provided a clinical description of CE and screened for genetic variation in the B2L gene. Infected sheep exhibited anorexia and oral lesions, while inoculated chicken embryos showed pock lesions. The B2L gene was successfully amplified and found to be highly conserved.
Article
Virology
Yigal Farnoushi, Dan Heller, Avishai Lublin
Summary: In recent years, new variants of avian reovirus (ARV) have caused a variety of symptoms in chickens worldwide, including viral arthritis/tenosynovitis. This study analyzed emerging ARV variants in Israel and found significant genetic diversity. Most ARV isolates in Israel belonged to genotypic cluster 5 (GC5). The study suggests that Israel has not experienced the emergence of new ARV variants since the introduction of the live vaccine (ISR-7585), but ongoing monitoring is needed due to the continuous emergence of ARV variants.
Article
Virology
Shigeru Tajima, Michiyo Kataoka, Yuki Takamatsu, Hideki Ebihara, Chang-Kweng Lim
Summary: Yokose virus (YOKV), a bat-associated flavivirus, was found to replicate at a slower rate in mosquito cells compared to other mosquito-borne flaviviruses. Specific nucleotide mutations in the virus were identified to enhance its proliferation ability in mosquito cells.
Article
Virology
Alejandra Borjabad, Baojun Dong, Wei Chao, David J. Volsky, Mary Jane Potash
Summary: This study investigated HIV brain disease using a mouse model, and found that poly I:C can reverse associated cognitive impairment and reduce virus burden. The results also revealed transcriptional changes related to neuronal function and innate immune responses.
Article
Virology
Ching-Hung Lin, Feng-Cheng Hsieh, Meilin Wang, Chieh Hsu, Hsuan-Wei Hsu, Chun-Chun Yang, Cheng-Yao Yang, Hung-Yi Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates that the synthesis of coronavirus subgenomic mRNA is not solely determined by the sequence homology between the leader TRS and TRS-B, but also by the disassociation of the coronavirus polymerase from the viral genome. This finding provides a new insight into the transcription mechanism of coronaviruses.
Article
Virology
Nicholas S. Kron, Benjamin W. Neuman, Sathish Kumar, Patricia L. Blackwelder, Dayana Vidal, Delphina Z. Walker-Phelan, Patrick D. I. Gibbs, Lynne A. Fieber, Michael C. Schmale
Summary: Two recent studies documented the genome of a novel virus in marine animals, finding that the virus is widespread in apparently healthy animals but not highly expressed in neurons. The studies also identified viral replication factories and high levels of defective genomes in chronically infected animals.
Article
Virology
Andrew M. Ramey, Laura C. Scott, Christina A. Ahlstrom, Evan J. Buck, Alison R. Williams, Mia Kim Torchetti, David E. Stallknecht, Rebecca L. Poulson
Summary: We successfully detected and characterized highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in hunter-harvested wild waterfowl samples from western Alaska. Genomic analysis revealed three independent viral introductions into Alaska. Our findings demonstrate the utility and potential limitations of using molecular processing approaches directly on original swab samples for viral research and monitoring.
Article
Virology
Ting Gong, Dongdong Wu, Yongzhi Feng, Xing Liu, Qi Gao, Xiaoyu Zheng, Zebu Song, Heng Wang, Guihong Zhang, Lang Gong
Summary: This study discovered that quercetin can inhibit PEDV replication both in vivo and in vitro, and alleviate the clinical symptoms and intestinal injury caused by the virus. This provides a new direction for the development of PED antiviral drugs.
Article
Virology
Min Zhu, Hao Zeng, Jianqiao He, Yaohui Zhu, Pingping Wang, Jianing Guo, Jinfan Guo, Huabo Zhou, Yifeng Qin, Kang Ouyang, Zuzhang Wei, Weijian Huang, Ying Chen
Summary: The reassortment between avian H9N2 and Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 viruses may have potentially changed from avian-to-mammals adaptation. This study found that the introduction of EA H1N1 internal genes into H9N2 virus restored the replication capability and resulted in extreme virulence in some cases. This raises new concerns for public health due to the possible coexistence of H9N2 and EA H1N1 viruses in dogs.