Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Timothee Fettrelet, Lea Gigon, Alexander Karaulov, Shida Yousefi, Hans-Uwe Simon
Summary: Eosinophils are specialized white blood cells involved in allergic and inflammatory diseases, with granule release being a key effector function. The exact mechanisms of different granule release types are still unknown.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Malin Backlund, Per Venge, Lillemor Berntson
Summary: In children with JIA, serum concentrations of HNL and MPO are significantly increased compared to controls, while plasma levels of HNL and MPO show no significant difference. Although MPO and HNL concentrations are not affected by medical treatment, S100A8/A9 is reduced by treatment and correlates with JADAS27.
PEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaohai Zhou, Chenyang Zhang, Xueying Wu, Xinli Hu, Yan Zhang, Xuelian Wang, Lixia Zheng, Peng Gao, Jianyong Du, Wen Zheng, Haibao Shang, Keping Hu, Zhengfan Jiang, Yu Nie, Shengshou Hu, Rui-Ping Xiao, Xiaojun Zhu, Jing-Wei Xiong
Summary: This study reveals that deficient DUSP6 can improve post-infarctional cardiac repair by attenuating neutrophil-mediated myocardial damage. The mechanism of action of DUSP6 is also uncovered, providing potential therapeutic targets for cardiac remodeling and inflammatory diseases after myocardial infarction.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Belinda Yau, Samantha Hocking, Sofianos Andrikopoulos, Melkam A. Kebede
Summary: It has been found that there are various populations of insulin secretory granules in pancreatic I3 cells, each with unique characteristics, highlighting the importance of targeting distinct ISG populations in anti-diabetic therapies.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Harry Chanzu, Joshua Lykins, Subershan Wigna-Kumar, Smita Joshi, Irina Pokrovskaya, Brian Storrie, Gunnar Pejler, Jeremy P. Wood, Sidney W. Whiteheart
Summary: Serglycin (SRGN) is an intragranular, sulfated proteoglycan that affects granule composition and function in hematopoietic cells. Deletion of SRGN alters platelet alpha-granule composition with a reduction in basic proteins, while not affecting alpha-granule morphology or number. However, SRGN deficiency impairs thrombin-induced exocytosis of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and influences shedding of platelet membrane proteins.
JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mia Krout, Kelly H. Oh, Ame Xiong, Elisa B. Frankel, Peri T. Kurshan, Hongkyun Kim, Janet E. Richmond
Summary: Synaptic transmission requires the coordinated activity of multiple synaptic proteins at the active zone (AZ). CLA-1 and UNC-10 work together to regulate the levels of the UNC-2 calcium channel and the localization of UNC-13 at the synapse. These findings suggest a conserved arrangement of AZ scaffolding proteins that are crucial for precise coupling to Ca2+ channels.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruijuan Zhuang, Yuxia Zhou, Ziyan Wang, Yating Cao, Jun Chen, Liju Xu, Yandan Ren, Yige Zheng, Ziheng Wei, Hantian Qiu, Liangcheng Li, Yang Han, Ye Yun, Xin Chen, Wanjin Hong, Tuanlao Wang
Summary: Rab26 negatively regulates insulin secretion by inhibiting fusion of insulin granules with the cell membrane.
Article
Immunology
Tomislav Caval, Yu-Hsien Lin, Meri Varkila, Karli R. Reiding, Marc J. M. Bonten, Olaf L. Cremer, Vojtech Franc, Albert J. R. Heck
Summary: The relationship between acute-phase proteins and sepsis may be related to the occurrence and severity of inflammatory responses. Monitoring the changes in plasma proteome and glycoproteoform profiles of septic patients can reflect the physiological state of the patients, with each patient exhibiting unique responses and features. Importantly, the changes induced by sepsis in glycoproteoform profiles of AACT did not readily subside after discharge from ICU.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bingxin Yang, Xifeng Wang, Xiaoyu Hu, Yao Xiao, Xueyu Xu, Xiaomei Yu, Min Wang, Honglian Luo, Jun Li, Wei Shen, Yan Ma
Summary: This study assessed platelet morphology, ultrastructure, and function changes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients using Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM). AIS patients showed lower platelet granule numbers and smaller area, while antiplatelet drug treatment reversed the concentration of platelet granules. This study provided a new perspective on the pathogenesis of AIS and the mechanism of antiplatelet drugs based on SIM.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Osamu Katsumata-Kato, Megumi Yokoyama, Junko Fujita-Yoshigaki
Summary: This study found that newly formed parotid gland granules have secretory ability, and the secretion of procathepsin B can be used to distinguish granule secretion from cell leakage. These newly formed granules have secretory ability prior to membrane remodeling.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Theoharis C. Theoharides, Irene Tsilioni
Summary: The article points out that mast cells, as a unique tissue immune cell, can orchestrate the immune response by secreting proinflammatory molecules. It highlights the degranulation of mast cells in the lungs of deceased patients with severe Covid-19, as well as the elevated levels of mast cell-derived proteolytic enzymes in patients' serum.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Daniel N. A. Tagoe, Allison A. Drozda, Julia A. Falco, Tyler J. Bechtel, Eranthie Weerapana, Marc-Jan Gubbels
Summary: The invasion process of apicomplexan parasites like Toxoplasma gondii into host cells is facilitated by the sequential exocytosis of microneme, rhoptry, and dense granule organelles. The DOC2 protein family plays a key role in this exocytosis process and Ca2+ helps engage C2 domains with lipids, membranes, and proteins for vesicular trafficking and membrane fusion. Ferlins are important for microneme and rhoptry exocytosis in T. gondii, with ferlins facilitating membrane fusion without SNAREs, especially in apicomplexan parasites.
Article
Cell Biology
Micaela Vanina Buzzatto, Maria Victoria Berberian, Ary Lautaro Di Bartolo, Diego Masone, Claudia Nora Tomes
Summary: The sperm acrosome releases its contents through fusion pores between the acrosomal and plasma membranes, and the dilation of these pores leads to the release of membranes and granule contents. α-Synuclein, a cytosolic protein, is found in the acrosomal domain of human sperm and is required for acrosomal release. Stabilization of fusion pores is responsible for the secretion blockage.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Urska Marolt, Eva Paradiz Leitgeb, Viljem Pohorec, Saska Lipovsek, Viktoria Venglovecz, Eleonora Gal, Attila Ebert, Istvan Menyhart, Stojan Potrc, Marko Gosak, Jurij Dolensek, Andraz Stozer
Summary: The physiology and pathophysiology of the exocrine pancreas are closely related to changes in intracellular calcium concentration. The acute pancreas tissue slice technique is an effective method for evaluating the morphology and physiology of the pancreas in situ. This study used calcium imaging to characterize the responses of acinar cells to stimulation and compared the effects of different stimuli.
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Yu Han, Wei Shi, Yu Tang, Xinguo Zhao, Xueying Du, Shuge Sun, Weishang Zhou, Guangxu Liu
Summary: This study investigated the impact of ocean acidification on polyspermy risk in broadcast spawning bivalves and found that it significantly increases the risk of polyspermy. The results also suggest that ocean acidification affects polyspermy blocking by inhibiting membrane depolarization and arresting cortical granule exocytosis.
AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fabrizio Ceciliani, Matteo Audano, Maria Filippa Addis, Nico Mitro, Cristina Lecchi, Morteza H. Ghaffari, Mariangela Albertini, Esterina De Carlo, Domenico Vecchio, Gabriele Di Vuolo, Giovanna Cappelli, Francesco Tangorra, Renata Piccinini, Valerio Bronzo, Donatella Caruso
Summary: This study aimed to determine the lipidome of water buffalo milk with intramammary infection (IMI) caused by non-aureus staphylococci (NAS). The study found that NAS-IMI induces changes in various lipids in water buffalo milk, particularly in the class of free fatty acids.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Valentina Zamarian, Damiano Stefanello, Roberta Ferrari, Lavinia E. Chiti, Valeria Grieco, Emanuela DallaCosta, Fabrizio Ceciliani, Cristina Lecchi
Summary: This study validates the diagnostic potential of miR-21 as a marker of lymph node involvement in canine mast cell tumors, demonstrating its ability to detect MCT-associated epigenetic alterations in a minimally invasive manner.
VETERINARY PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sara Ghilardi, Cristina Lecchi, Mara Bagardi, Giovanni Romito, Fabio M. Colombo, Michele Polli, Celeste Franco, Paola G. Brambilla
Summary: This preliminary pilot study found that high levels of miR-30b-5p are associated with milder forms of myxomatous mitral valve disease in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. However, the results did not show statistical significance between miR-30b-5p expression and heart murmur intensity, mitral regurgitation severity, and Mitral INsufficiency Echocardiographic score. The study also demonstrated a relationship between high abundance of miR-30b-5p and echocardiographically more stable forms of the disease over time.
Article
Developmental Biology
Rodrigo Garcia Barros, Valentina Lodde, Federica Franciosi, Alberto Maria Luciano
Summary: The aim of this study was to improve the in vitro culture of bovine oocytes collected from early antral follicles (EAFs) by maintaining physiological conditions and adding key hormones. The culture system involved a 5-day culture period and 3D-like structures. The cultured oocytes showed morpho-functional changes, improved developmental competence, and potential for in vitro embryo production.
Article
Immunology
Gabriela Avila, Susanna Di Mauro, Joel Filipe, Alessandro Agazzi, Marcello Comi, Cristina Lecchi, Fabrizio Ceciliani
Summary: This study found that DHA and EPA can exert differential immunomodulatory effects in pigs in vitro, by dampening monocytes chemotaxis and potentiating their oxidative burst, respectively. This suggests that these fatty acids might have both anti-inflammatory and immune-enhancing effects in pigs.
VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nozomi Takahashi, Federica Franciosi, Enrico Maria Daldello, Xuan G. G. Luong, Peter Althoff, Xiaotian Wang, Marco Conti
Summary: In the absence of transcription, gene expression required for oocyte maturation is regulated by translation of preexisting mRNAs. A defective program of mRNA translation in oocyte is associated with maternal aging, leading to a decline in oocyte quality during aging. Dysfunction in the oocyte translation program is characterized by disrupted ribosome loading, altered translation of 3'-UTR-reporters, altered poly(A) length of mRNAs, decreased levels of Cpeb1 mRNA translation and protein, and de-repression of Ccnb1 translation in old oocytes.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Valentina Lodde, Rodrigo Garcia Barros, Laura Terzaghi, Federica Franciosi, Alberto Maria Luciano
Summary: This review highlights the emerging role of PGRMC1 in cell division, particularly in mitosis. Due to limited research on PGRMC1, there is still much to be explored regarding its function and mechanisms in cell division.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Vera Perricone, Silvia Sandrini, Nida Irshad, Marcello Comi, Cristina Lecchi, Giovanni Savoini, Alessandro Agazzi
Summary: This review provides an updated overview of the effects of yeast administration on nutrient digestibility and the intestinal microbial population in horses, as well as an overview of yeast application in the field.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Clarissa Zamboni, Valentina Zamarian, Damiano Stefanello, Roberta Ferrari, Luigi Auletta, Samantha Milanesi, Samuele Mauri, Valeria Grieco, Fabrizio Ceciliani, Cristina Lecchi
Summary: This study developed a fast and easy protocol for isolating small extracellular vesicles (sEV) from plasma of mast cell tumor (MCT)-affected dogs. It was found that sEV-miR-21-5p, a miRNA overexpressed in MCT, was significantly associated with sEV in dogs with nodal metastasis. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of sEV in disease pathogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nozomi Takahashi, Federica Franciosi, Enrico Maria Daldello, Xuan G. Luong, Peter Althoff, Xiaotian Wang, Marco Conti
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Debora Groppetti, Giulia Pizzi, Alessandro Pecile, Valerio Bronzo, Silvia Michela Mazzola
Summary: This study aimed to measure cotinine concentration in the serum and hair of dogs that were exposed to the owner's tobacco smoke and to compare it with that of unexposed dogs. The results showed that cotinine concentrations were significantly higher in exposed dogs than unexposed dogs, and there were differences in cotinine concentrations between different sex dogs. These results confirmed cotinine as a marker of passive smoking in dogs.
Article
Microbiology
Gustavo Freu, Breno Luis Nery Garcia, Tiago Tomazi, Gabriela Siqueira Di Leo, Larissa Schneider Gheller, Valerio Bronzo, Paolo Moroni, Marcos Veiga Dos Santos
Summary: This study investigated the frequency and profile of pathogens isolated from clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cows housed in compost-bedded pack barns (CB), and evaluated the association between mastitis occurrence and bedding characteristics in CB systems. The results showed that bedding moisture content was positively associated with the incidence of clinical mastitis (CM), while the bedding carbon to nitrogen ratio was negatively associated with the incidence of subclinical mastitis (SCM).
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Giulia Pizzi, Silvia Michela Mazzola, Alessandro Pecile, Valerio Bronzo, Debora Groppetti
Summary: In recent years, there has been increasing attention to the detrimental effects of second-hand smoke on children and mothers. However, the risks for pets, especially dogs, have been largely overlooked. A recent study found that cotinine, a primary metabolite of nicotine, can be detected in dogs living with smoking owners, indicating the potential adverse health consequences for pets. This highlights the importance of raising awareness among pet owners about the risks of smoke exposure.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Cristina Lecchi, Fabrizio Ceciliani, Stefano Petrini, Giovanna Cappelli, Carlo Grassi, Anna Balestrieri, Giorgio Galiero, Ester DeCarlo, Gaspare Salvi, Filippo Panzeri, Chiara Gini, Alessandra Cafiso, Alessandro Agazzi, Alessandra Martucciello
Summary: This study found that BuHV-1 can produce miRNAs and that host miRNAs are associated with herpesvirus infection. The results demonstrated that miRNAs can be detected in nasal secretions of water buffaloes and that their expression is modulated by BuHV-1.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
V. Lodde, A. M. Luciano, R. Garcia Barros, G. Giovanardi, G. Sivelli, F. Franciosi
Summary: PGRMC1 is expressed in multiple cell types of the mammalian reproductive system and plays a role in follicular growth in the ovary and proper completion of oocyte maturation. It is also involved in mitotic and meiotic cell division through its association with the spindle apparatus and chromosomal passenger complex. The role of PGRMC1 in preimplantation embryo is still unclear and further research is needed.
