Review
Immunology
James E. Crowe
Summary: Antibodies have been widely used for preventing and treating viral infections since the nineteenth century, and the development of potent human monoclonal antibodies has paved the way for unprecedented activities. Modifications that extend antibody half-life and the clinical development of broad and potent antibodies have the potential to make antibodies the principal tool in managing future viral epidemics. Furthermore, these antibodies are crucial for research and developing effective vaccines.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Melissa J. Harnois, Maria Dennis, Dagmar Stohr, Sarah M. Valencia, Nicole Rodgers, Eleanor C. Semmes, Helen S. Webster, Jennifer A. Jenks, Richard Barfield, Justin Pollara, Cliburn Chan, Christian Sinzger, Sallie R. Permar
Summary: Elite neutralizers of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) exhibit elevated immunoglobulin G binding responses against multiple viral glycoproteins as well as potent HCMV-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis responses, demonstrating that HCMV elite-neutralizing plasma antibodies can mediate polyfunctional responses.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Giacomo Vezzani, Silvia Pimazzoni, Rossella Ferranti, Stefano Calo, Giuseppina Monda, Diego Amendola, Elisabetta Frigimelica, Domenico Maione, Mirko Cortese, Marcello Merola
Summary: Human cytomegaloviruses (HCMVs) use several mechanisms, including viral IgG Fc gamma receptors, to evade and subvert the host immune system. Two envelope proteins, gp34 and gp68, bind and internalize human IgGs on the surface of infected cells. Internalized IgGs are transported on the virion envelope in a vFcR-dependent mechanism. This is the first instance of a virus carrying neutralizing IgGs on its surface, and their role is discussed.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Samuel A. A. Osanyinlusi, Jasmin Zischke, Roland Jacobs, Eva M. M. Weissinger, Thomas F. F. Schulz, Penelope C. C. Kay-Fedorov
Summary: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) inhibits T cell antiviral functions by interacting with CD45 on T cells via its pUL11 glycoprotein, leading to enhanced viral spread. This discovery provides insights into HCMV's immunomodulatory strategy and a new T cell regulatory mechanism.
Article
Virology
Nina Reuter, Barbara Kropff, William J. Britt, Michael Mach, Marco Thomas
Summary: The neutralizing activity of antibodies against HCMV is correlated with the reduction in transmission and severity of HCMV-associated disease. However, HCMV amplification may occur mainly via cell-to-cell spread. Therefore, evaluating the inhibition of cell-to-cell transmission is important in assessing therapeutic antibodies and humoral responses.
Review
Immunology
Lianpan Dai, George F. Gao
Summary: The urgent need for vaccines to control the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid development of multiple vaccine candidates, with some showing positive results in late-stage clinical trials. This article discusses the viral elements used in these candidates, the reasons why they are good targets for the immune system, and their implications for protective immunity. Dai and Gao highlight the importance of selecting the right viral targets in vaccine development to ensure an effective immune response and the overall safety and efficacy of the vaccine.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Maryam Shafaati, Milad Zandi
Summary: This article focuses on the current state of human monkeypox infection outbreak, research & development of immune responses, and clinical interventions to prevent and treat human monkeypox virus and other human poxviruses.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Blandine Noailly, Melyssa Yaugel-Novoa, Justine Werquin, Fabienne Jospin, Daniel Drocourt, Thomas Bourlet, Nicolas Rochereau, Stephane Paul
Summary: Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) show promising potential for HIV-1 prevention. Different bNAb isotypes have varying abilities in viral neutralization and ADCC-like activity. These findings contribute to the search for new treatments and antibody-based vaccines.
Review
Virology
Georges Herbein
Summary: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a common herpesvirus that can lie dormant in infected individuals with high levels of genomic variability, potentially playing a role in oncogenic modulation of cancerous cells. High-risk strains of HCMV may directly transform cells, leading to enhanced growth and spread of cancer cells.
Article
Virology
Jim Boonyaratanakornkit, Anton M. Sholukh, Matthew Gray, Emily L. Bossard, Emily S. Ford, Kizzmekia S. Corbett, Lawrence Corey, Justin J. Taylor
Summary: The human Betacoronavirus OC43 is a common cause of respiratory viral infections in adults and children, with lung infections associated with mortality. A human monoclonal antibody OC2 was isolated that neutralizes live OC43 virus. Two in vitro assays using cytopathic effect and ELISA were developed to measure neutralizing activity of OC2 and human plasma, which could be useful for studying humoral responses to OC43 and cross-neutralization with other important betacoronaviruses.
Article
Virology
Xiaoyi Guo, Han Wang, Ruilan You, Jiabao Tang, Jin Wang, Qiaoqiao Song, Yue Huang, Xuejie Zhang, Shiyin Zhang, Tingdong Li, Shengxiang Ge, Ting Wu, Jun Zhang, Ningshao Xia
Summary: The study evaluated the influence of urine on HCMV DNA detection and demonstrated that adding EDTA can effectively eliminate the inhibitory effect of urine, improving the accuracy of HCMV detection in urine.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Geromine Grange, Marie Mindeguia, Philippe Gisbert, Gilles Meyer
Summary: Control of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus types 1 and 2 involves vaccination and removal of infected animals from the herd. A study tested the cross-neutralizing antibody response of heifers vaccinated with Mucosiffa(®) against different strains of BVDV-1 and BVDV-2. The results showed that Mucosiffa(®) vaccination provides stable humoral cross-immunity against all tested BVDV strains.
Article
Virology
Marco Thomas, Barbara Kropff, Andrea Schneider, Thomas H. Winkler, Irene Goerzer, Heinrich Sticht, William J. Britt, Michael Mach, Nina Reuter
Summary: Novel anti-gH monoclonal antibodies were generated by immunizing mice with HCMV virions, showing potent neutralization of HCMV infectivity. One of the MAbs, 2B10, targets a strain-specific conformational epitope on gH that is only accessible when coexpressed with gB/gH/gL. These findings emphasize the importance of strain-specific neutralizing antibody responses against HCMV.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Inessa Penner, Mario Dejung, Anja Freiwald, Falk Butter, Jia-Xuan Chen, Bodo Plachter
Summary: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a highly medically relevant pathogen, and Subviral Dense Bodies (DB) have been developed as a vaccine candidate to mitigate the severe consequences of HCMV infection. To develop a candidate vaccine for human application, a comprehensive mass spectrometry (MS)-based analysis was performed to study the proteome changes in cell culture cells exposed to DB.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gloria Griffante, Francesca Gugliesi, Selina Pasquero, Valentina Dell'Oste, Matteo Biolatti, Ari J. Salinger, Santanu Mondal, Paul R. Thompson, Eranthie Weerapana, Robert J. Lebbink, Jasper A. Soppe, Thomas Stamminger, Virginie Girault, Andreas Pichlmair, Gabor Oroszlan, Donald M. Coen, Marco De Andrea, Santo Landolfo
Summary: Citrullination as a posttranslational modification plays a crucial role in HCMV infection, promoting viral entry and impairing the RNA binding ability of citrullinated IFIT1 as a mechanism of evasion.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Virology
Ying Qi, Li He, Xiaohong Cui, Laura Hertel, Daniel C. Freed, Tong-Ming Fu, Lawrence M. Kauvar, Michael A. McVoy, Qiang Ruan
Article
Immunology
Kara S. Cox, Lu Zhang, Daniel C. Freed, Aimin Tang, Shifang Zhang, Yu Zhou, I-Ming Wang, Richard E. Rupp, Stuart P. Adler, Luwy K. Musey, Dai Wang, Kalpit A. Vora, Tong-Ming Fu
Summary: The study analyzed vaccine-induced T cells for memory phenotype, antigen specificity, cytokine profiles, and cytolytic potential using multicolor flow cytometry. The results showed that vaccination elicited polyfunctional CD4 and CD8 T cells with predominantly effector phenotype responding to 2 dominant antigens, pp65 and IE1. Analysis of T-cell receptor repertoires demonstrated polyclonal expansion of antigen-specific T cells after vaccination.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Virology
Annete Njue, Carolyn Coyne, Andrea V. Margulis, Dai Wang, Morgan A. Marks, Kevin Russell, Rituparna Das, Anushua Sinha
Summary: This study reviewed the potential mechanisms of CMV in causing stillbirth, preterm birth, and IUGR, identifying impairments in trophoblast cell differentiation and function, invasiveness, and signaling pathway regulation, as well as induction of apoptosis. Challenges remain in finding suitable in vivo animal models for further research in this area.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zihao Yuan, Xuejun Fan, Jay-Jiguang Zhu, Tong-Ming Fu, Jiaqian Wu, Hua Xu, Ningyan Zhang, Zhiqiang An, W. Jim Zheng
Summary: This study reveals the extensive presence of murine viral sequences in patient-derived xenografts and significant expression changes of crucial genes in samples with high virus load. It emphasizes the need to carefully evaluate the impact of viral infection on patient-derived xenografts for drug development and highlights the importance of quality control in experiments involving patient-derived xenografts.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Kirill Kalnin, Timothy Plitnik, Michael Kishko, Jinrong Zhang, Donghui Zhang, Adrien Beauvais, Natalie G. Anosova, Tim Tibbitts, Josh DiNapoli, Gregory Ulinski, Peter Piepenhagen, Sheila M. Cummings, Dinesh S. Bangari, Susan Ryan, Po-Wei D. Huang, James Huleatt, Deanne Vincent, Katherine Fries, Shrirang Karve, Rebecca Goldman, Hardip Gopani, Anusha Dias, Khang Tran, Minnie Zacharia, Xiaobo Gu, Lianne Boeglin, Jonathan Abysalh, Jorel Vargas, Angela Beaulieu, Monic Shah, Travis Jeannotte, Kimberly Gillis, Sudha Chivukula, Ron Swearingen, Victoria Landolfi, Tong-Ming Fu, Frank DeRosa, Danilo Casimiro
Summary: Emergency use authorization of COVID vaccines has brought hope to mitigate the pandemic, but there is a need for additional effective vaccines. mRNA technologies offer an expedited alternative to traditional vaccine approaches, with the new mRNA vaccine candidate MRT5500 showing promising neutralizing antibody activity in animal models.
Article
Cell Biology
Joseph R. Francica, Barbara J. Flynn, Kathryn E. Foulds, Amy T. Noe, Anne P. Werner, Ian N. Moore, Matthew Gagne, Timothy S. Johnston, Courtney Tucker, Rachel L. Davis, Britta Flach, Sarah O'Connell, Shayne F. Andrew, Evan Lamb, Dillon R. Flebbe, Saule T. Nurmukhambetova, Mitzi M. Donaldson, John-Paul M. Todd, Alex Lee Zhu, Caroline Atyeo, Stephanie Fischinger, Matthew J. Gorman, Sally Shin, Venkata Viswanadh Edara, Katharine Floyd, Lilin Lai, Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum, Renee Van de Wetering, Alida Tylor, Elizabeth McCarthy, Valerie Lecouturier, Sophie Ruiz, Catherine Berry, Timothy Tibbitts, Hanne Andersen, Anthony Cook, Alan Dodson, Laurent Pessaint, Alex Van Ry, Marguerite Koutsoukos, Cindy Gutzeit, I-Ting Teng, Tongqing Zhou, Dapeng Li, Barton F. Haynes, Peter D. Kwong, Adrian McDermott, Mark G. Lewis, Tong Ming Fu, Roman Chicz, Robbert van der Most, Kizzmekia S. Corbett, Mehul S. Suthar, Galit Alter, Mario Roederer, Nancy J. Sullivan, Daniel C. Douek, Barney S. Graham, Danilo Casimiro, Robert A. Seder
Summary: The adjuvanted preS dTM vaccine induced multifunctional humoral responses in NHPs, providing significant protection against SARS-CoV-2. Rapid anamnestic antibody responses in the lung may be a key protective mechanism.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Leike Li, Daniel C. Freed, Yaping Liu, Fengsheng Li, Diane F. Barrett, Wei Xiong, Xiaohua Ye, Stuart P. Adler, Richard E. Rupp, Dai Wang, Ningyan Zhang, Tong-Ming Fu, Zhiqiang An
Summary: The study characterized 272 monoclonal antibodies isolated from memory B cells of individuals vaccinated with V160, revealing their specific binding to diverse HCMV antigens and potent neutralizing activity. It also found that V160 induced a specific class of antibodies, providing valuable insights into the primary targets for anti-HCMV antibodies induced by this vaccine.
Article
Immunology
Kirill Kalnin, Timothy Plitnik, Michael Kishko, Dean Huang, Alice Raillard, Julie Piolat, Natalie G. Anosova, Timothy Tibbitts, Joshua DiNapoli, Shrirang Karve, Rebecca Goldman, Hardip Gopani, Anusha Dias, Khang Tran, Minnie Zacharia, Xiaobo Gu, Lianne Boeglin, Jonathan Abysalh, Jorel Vargas, Angela Beaulieu, Monic Shah, Travis Jeannotte, Kimberly Gillis, Sudha Chivukula, Ron Swearingen, Victoria Landolfi, Tong-Ming Fu, Frank DeRosa, Danilo Casimiro
Summary: The study evaluated the efficacy of different types of mRNA vaccines in inducing neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants in nonhuman primates. The results showed that a third vaccination significantly increased neutralizing antibody titers and expanded the coverage to more variants, regardless of the type of vaccine previously administered.
Article
Immunology
Hualin Li, Morgan A. Monslow, Daniel C. Freed, Dan Chang, Fengsheng Li, Marian Gindy, Dai Wang, Kalpit Vora, Amy S. Espeseth, Nikolai Petrovsky, Tong-Ming Fu
Summary: The study evaluated the effects of two novel adjuvants on vaccines and found that they significantly enhanced cell-mediated immune responses, but did not show significant improvements in humoral immune responses. The adjuvants have different modes of action, with unique mechanisms of action.
Article
Immunology
Sudha Chivukula, Timothy Plitnik, Timothy Tibbitts, Shrirang Karve, Anusha Dias, Donghui Zhang, Rebecca Goldman, Hardip Gopani, Asad Khanmohammed, Ashish Sarode, Dustin Cooper, Heesik Yoon, Younghoon Kim, Yanhua Yan, Sophia T. Mundle, Rachel Groppo, Adrien Beauvais, Jinrong Zhang, Natalie G. Anosova, Charles Lai, Lu Li, Gregory Ulinski, Peter Piepenhagen, Joshua DiNapoli, Kirill Kalnin, Victoria Landolfi, Ron Swearingen, Tong-Ming Fu, Frank DeRosa, Danilo Casimiro
Summary: The recent approval of mRNA vaccines for emergency use against COVID-19 is likely to accelerate the development of mRNA-based vaccines targeting a wide range of infectious diseases. This vaccine modality promises comparable potency while accelerating the development and deployment of vaccine doses. Demonstrated successfully for single antigen vaccines, the technology could be optimized for complex multi-antigen vaccines.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel Wrapp, Xiaohua Ye, Zhiqiang Ku, Hang Su, Harrison G. Jones, Nianshuang Wang, Akaash K. Mishra, Daniel C. Freed, Fengsheng Li, Aimin Tang, Leike Li, Dabbu Kumar Jaijyan, Hua Zhu, Dai Wang, Tong-Ming Fu, Ningyan Zhang, Zhiqiang An, Jason S. McLellan
Summary: This study reveals the molecular mechanism of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. By analyzing the structures of HCMV and its cell receptor, the researchers discover a unique interaction that differs from previous studies. Furthermore, they identify the susceptible epitopes of HCMV, providing new insights for the development of antiviral drugs.
Article
Virology
Li He, Scott Taylor, Catherine Costa, Irene Gorzer, Julia Kalser, Tong-Ming Fu, Daniel Freed, Dai Wang, Xiaohong Cui, Laura Hertel, Michael A. McVoy
Summary: The gO protein of cytomegalovirus (CMV) has evolved polymorphisms to evade the neutralization of antibodies, specifically affecting fibroblast but not epithelial cell infection.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Yue Huang, Han Wang, Tingdong Li, Caihong Li, Jiabao Tang, Huan Yu, Xiaoyi Guo, Qiaoqiao Song, Feixue Wei, Jiangding Wang, Caihong Liang, Fengxian Zheng, Hongjuan Li, Huifeng Li, Hongguo Wu, Zhaoxin Lu, Yingying Su, Ting Wu, Shengxiang Ge, Tong-Ming Fu, Jun Zhang, Ningshao Xia
Summary: This study found that saliva screening with saliva and urine confirmation showed good diagnostic accuracy and feasibility for cCMV infection screening. It is recommended to screen within 13 (ideally 5) days of birth and confirm within 21 (ideally 13) days of birth.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-WESTERN PACIFIC
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Hang Su, Xiaohua Ye, Daniel C. Freed, Leike Li, Zhiqiang Ku, Wei Xiong, Peng Gao, Xinli Liu, Diana Montgomery, Weifeng Xu, Amy S. Espeseth, Dai Wang, Ningning Ma, Tong-Ming Fu, Ningyan Zhang, Zhiqiang An
Summary: The study developed a bispecific antibody against HCMV by combining the strengths of two different neutralizing antibodies, showing both broad neutralization capacity and high potency. It demonstrated potential clinical therapeutic effects in multiple cell lines and maintained its activity after 21 days in circulation, providing a proof-of-concept for developing bispecific neutralizing antibody therapies against HCMV infection.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
