Journal
BMC GERIATRICS
Volume 15, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-015-0128-7
Keywords
Ageing; Living alone; Health status; Mortality
Categories
Funding
- Biomedical Research Council
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research [03/1/21/17/214]
- National Medical research Council [08/1/21/19/567]
- Geylang East Home for the Aged
- Presbyterian Community Services
- Thye Hua Kwan Moral Society (Moral Neighbourhood Links)
- Yuhua Neighbourhood Link
- Henderson Senior Citizens' Home
- NTUC Eldercare Co-op Ltd
- Thong Kheng Seniors Activity Centre (Queenstown Centre)
- Redhill Moral Seniors Activity Centre
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Background: We investigated the association of living alone with mortality among older persons, independently of marital, health and other factors, and explored its effect modification by age group, sex, marital status and physical functional disability. Method: Using data from 8 years of mortality follow up (1 September 2003 to 31 December 2011) of 2553 participants in the Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Studies (SLAS) cohort, we estimated hazard ratio (HR) of mortality associated with living alone using Cox proportional hazard models. Results: At baseline, 7.4 % (N = 189) of the participants were living alone, and 227 (8.9 %) died during the follow up period. Living alone was significantly associated with mortality 1.66 (95 % CI, 1.05-2.63), controlling for health status (hypertension, diabetes, chronic lung disease, stroke, heart disease, kidney failure, IADL-ADL disability and depressive symptoms), marital status and other variables (age, sex, housing type). Possible substantive effect modification by sex (p for interaction = 0.106) and marital status (p for interaction <0.115) were observed: higher among men (HR = 2.36, 95 % CI, 1.24-4.49) than women (HR = 1.14, 95 % CI, 0.58-2.22), and among single, divorce or widowed (HR = 2.26, 95 % CI, 1.24-4.10) than married individuals (HR = 0.83, 95 % CI, 0.30-2.31). Conclusion: Living alone was associated with increased mortality, independently of marital, health and other variables. The impact of living alone on mortality appeared to be stronger among men and those who were single, divorced or married.
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