Article
Cell Biology
Eddie Tam, Hye K. Sung, Gary Sweeney
Summary: Iron overload leads to insulin resistance in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. Overexpression of MitoNEET can protect against iron accumulation in the mitochondria and subsequent insulin resistance. Iron overload increases mitochondrial iron content, ROS production, mitochondrial fission, and decreases insulin-stimulated Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. MitoNEET overexpression attenuates these effects and upregulates levels of PGC1 alpha protein.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Olena Odnokoz, Noah Earland, Marziyeh Badinloo, Vladimir I. Klichko, Judith Benes, William C. Orr, Svetlana N. Radyuk
Summary: Aberrant immune responses and chronic inflammation can increase health risks and promote premature aging. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) play a critical role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and regulating the immune response. The activity of mitochondrial Prxs in the intestinal epithelium is important for preventing intestinal barrier dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and premature aging.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David Weissman, Christoph Maack
Summary: Heart failure is a growing health burden globally, characterized by alterations in excitation-contraction coupling, cardiac energy deficit, and oxidative stress. While targeting metabolism may provide prognostic benefits, treatments specifically targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) are still in preclinical stages. More research is needed in this area to develop effective therapies for heart failure.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu Zhang, Jing-Jing Li, Rui Xu, Xin-Pei Wang, Xin-Yi Zhao, Yuan Fang, Yu-Peng Chen, Shan Ma, Xiao-Hui Di, Wei Wu, Gang She, Zheng-Da Pang, Yi-Dong Wang, Xing Zhang, Wenjun Xie, Xiu-Ling Deng, Xiao-Jun Du, Yi Zhang
Summary: This study reveals that Nogo-B plays a critical role in promoting endothelial dysfunction and the pathogenesis of coronary atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice with pressure overload. Nogo-B may hold promise as a common therapeutic target in the setting of hypertension.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pamela A. Kakimoto, Julian David C. Serna, Vitor de Miranda Ramos, Antonio Zorzano, Alicia J. Kowaltowski
Summary: Exposure to toxic levels of fatty acids leads to cell damage and death, contributing to the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Lipotoxicity induces changes in mitochondrial morphology and increases glycolytic flux in cells, while oxidative phosphorylation remains unchanged.
Article
Cell Biology
Eddie Tam, Hye Kyoung Sung, Nhat Hung Lam, Sally You, Sungji Cho, Saher M. M. Ahmed, Ali A. A. Abdul-Sater, Gary Sweeney
Summary: Iron overload leads to cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure. This study showed that iron overload triggers cell death in H9c2 cells by promoting intracellular and mitochondrial iron accumulation and ROS production. The use of iron-binding fluorescent reporters and antioxidants reduced these effects, and decreased apoptosis and lytic cell death. Overexpression of the mitochondrial membrane protein MitoNEET lowered iron and ROS accumulation in the mitochondria, leading to reduced cell death in response to iron overload.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marisa L. Henry, Deborah Velez-Irizarry, Joe D. Pagan, Lorraine Sordillo, Jeff Gandy, Stephanie J. Valberg
Summary: The study found that oral coenzyme Q10 and N-acetyl-cysteine supplementation significantly increased muscle glutathione concentrations in horses after intense exercise, while also positively impacting mitochondrial proteins.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christine Fischer, Chiara Volani, Timea Komlodi, Markus Seifert, Egon Demetz, Lara Valente de Souza, Kristina Auer, Verena Petzer, Laura von Raffay, Patrizia Moser, Erich Gnaiger, Guenter Weiss
Summary: This study investigates the effects of dietary and genetic iron overload on mitochondrial function, revealing that iron accumulation promotes ROS production and impairs mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Differences in response to iron overload were observed in wildtype and genetic hemochromatosis model mice, suggesting the potential for iron reduction therapy to improve mitochondrial function.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Miguel Olivas-Aguirre, Liliana Torres-Lopez, Zeferino Gomez-Sandoval, Kathya Villatoro-Gomez, Igor Pottosin, Oxana Dobrovinskaya
Summary: The study demonstrated a synergistic cytotoxic effect of TAM and CBD against T-ALL cells. TAM targets CypD to inhibit mPTP formation, sensitizing T-ALL to CBD by altering mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta, Vemula Chandra Kaladhar, Teresa B. Fitzpatrick, Alisdair R. Fernie, Ian Max Moller, Gary J. Loake
Summary: Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signal molecule in plants, playing key roles in plant development and stress responses. This review focuses on the pathways involved in NO production and scavenging, and how they are integrated with cellular metabolism.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Sreelekshmi Mohan, Genu George, K. G. Raghu
Summary: The study found that vanillic acid has potential nutraceutical effects by reducing oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, protecting mitochondria, and preventing glycation during hyperinsulinemia. It acts through the AMPK/Sirt1/PGC-1 alpha pathway to achieve its beneficial activities.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nobuhiro Suzuki
Summary: Heat stress has a severe impact on plant growth and crop production, so it is urgent to understand the mechanisms underlying the plant's response to heat stress and develop strategies to enhance crop heat tolerance. Heat stress affects the chloroplasts and mitochondria, leading to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disruption of photosynthetic and respiratory metabolisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Galina D. Mironova, Evgeny V. Pavlov
Summary: Mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) is a sharp increase in the permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane under Ca2+ and ROS stress, and can occur through opening protein channels or lipid pores. The formation of palmitate/Ca2+ induced pores may play a protective role against calcium and ROS toxicity.
Article
Physiology
Joerg W. Wegener, Ahmed Wagdi, Eva Wagner, Doerthe M. Katschinski, Gerd Hasenfuss, Tobias Bruegmann, Stephan E. Lehnart
Summary: Missense mutations in cardiac Ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) cause catecholaminergic arrhythmias. In RyR2-R2474S cardiomyocytes, catecholaminergic stimulation and contractile activity pathologically amplify mitochondrial oxidation, leading to excessive E-GSH oxidization of the mitochondrial matrix. This effect can be significantly attenuated by treatment with the RyR2 channel blocker dantrolene.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biology
Barbara E. Corkey
Summary: Changes correlating with increasing obesity include insulin resistance, hyperlipidaemia, hyperinsulinaemia, highly processed food and environmental toxins including plastics and air pollution. The hypothesis is that substances that have entered our bodies recently cause obesity by generating false and misleading information about energy status. Examples are provided of food additives that generate reactive oxygen species and impact redox state, thereby eliciting inappropriate tissue-specific functional changes, including insulin secretion. Reversal requires identification, neutralization, or removal of these compounds.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Jin Zhou, Brijesh K. Singh, Jia Pei Ho, Andrea Lim, Eveline Bruinstroop, Kenji Ohba, Rohit A. Sinha, Paul M. Yen
Summary: The study demonstrated that MED1 plays a crucial role in regulating hepatic autophagy, mitochondria function, and lipid metabolism. It may affect the transcriptional activity of various NRs and transcription factors, and contribute to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Winifred W. Yau, Kiraely Adam Wong, Jin Zhou, Nivetha Kanakaram Thimmukonda, Yajun Wu, Boon-Huat Bay, Brijesh Kumar Singh, Paul Michael Yen
Summary: The research found that autophagy plays a critical role in adaptive thermogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, and mitochondrial function in brown adipose tissue during chronic cold exposure. Studies on BAT from mice exposed to cold challenge and primary cells treated with norepinephrine showed that autophagy can increase BAT activity.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Dasan Mary Cibi, Reddemma Sandireddy, Hanumakumar Bogireddi, Nicole Tee, Siti Aishah Binte Abdul Ghani, Brijesh K. Singh, Nigel Mackman, Manvendra K. Singh, Anamika Singh
Summary: This study demonstrated an important role of TF in regulating diabetes-induced inflammation, hypertrophy, and remodeling of the heart leading to HFpEF.
Article
Cell Biology
Anissa A. Widjaja, Jinrui Dong, Eleonora Adami, Sivakumar Viswanathan, Benjamin Ng, Leroy S. Pakkiri, Sonia P. Chothani, Brijesh K. Singh, Wei Wen Lim, Jin Zhou, Shamini G. Shekeran, Jessie Tan, Sze Yun Lim, Joyce Goh, Mao Wang, Robert Holgate, Arron Hearn, Leanne E. Felkin, Paul M. Yen, James W. Dear, Chester L. Drum, Sebastian Schafer, Stuart A. Cook
Summary: In the mouse model of APAP-induced liver injury, rhIL11 has been shown to be protective by inhibiting endogenous mouse IL11 activity. IL11 signaling is identified as a potential therapeutic target for APAP-induced liver damage, as its inhibition reduces liver injury and promotes survival in mice.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Madhulika Tripathi, Brijesh Kumar Singh, Elisa A. Liehn, Sheau Yng Lim, Keziah Tikno, David Castano-Mayan, Chutima Rattanasopa, Pakhwan Nilcham, Siti Aishah Binte Abdul Ghani, Zihao Wu, Syaza Hazwany Azhar, Jin Zhou, Sauri Hernandez-Resendiz, Gustavo E. Crespo-Avilan, Rohit Anthony Sinha, Benjamin Livingston Farah, Kyaw Thu Moe, Deidre Anne De Silva, Veronique Angeli, Manvendra K. Singh, Roshni R. Singaraja, Derek J. Hausenloy, Paul Michael Yen
Summary: Caffeine reduces vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and restenosis by stimulating autophagy and inhibiting WNT signaling.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Eveline Bruinstroop, Jin Zhou, Madhulika Tripathi, Winifred W. Yau, Anita Boelen, Brijesh Kumar Singh, Paul M. Yen
Summary: The study found that in the early stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Dio1 gene expression and activity increased, which was associated with an increased T(3)/T-4 ratio. The results suggest that Dio1 regulates hepatic triglyceride content during hepatosteatosis and early nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anissa A. Widjaja, Sivakumar Viswanathan, Dong Jinrui, Brijesh K. Singh, Jessie Tan, Joyce Goh Wei Ting, David Lamb, Shamini G. Shekeran, Benjamin L. George, Sebastian Schafer, David Carling, Eleonora Adami, Stuart A. Cook
Summary: This study elucidates the translation-specific signaling pathways downstream of IL11, intersects immune and metabolic signaling, and reveals unappreciated effects of nintedanib.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sangam Rajak, Pratima Gupta, Baby Anjum, Sana Raza, Archana Tewari, Sujoy Ghosh, Madhulika Tripathi, Brijesh K. Singh, Rohit A. Sinha
Summary: NASH is an important stage of NAFLD in humans, and there are currently no approved drugs for its treatment. The upregulation of AKR1B10 gene in NASH patients has been identified, and the inhibition of AKR1B10 has shown promising effects in reducing the pathological features of NASH.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jin Zhou, Madhulika Tripathi, Jia Pei Ho, Anissa Anindya Widjaja, Shamini Guna Shekeran, Macalinao Dominique Camat, Anne James, Yajun Wu, Jianhong Ching, Jean-Paul Kovalik, Kiat-Hon Lim, Stuart Alexander Cook, Boon-Huat Bay, Brijesh Kumar Singh, Paul Michael Yen
Summary: This study found that thyroid hormone can treat NASH-associated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis by promoting autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, increasing the oxidation of fatty acids, and reducing lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
Editorial Material
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sugunadevi Sakkiah, Brijesh Kumar Singh, Keun Woo Lee, Chandrabose Selvaraj
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Madhulika Tripathi, Brijesh Kumar Singh, Jin Zhou, Keziah Tikno, Anissa Widjaja, Reddemma Sandireddy, Kabilesh Arul, Siti Aishah Binte Abdul Ghani, George Goh Boon Bee, Kiraely Adam Wong, Ho Jia Pei, Shamini Guna Shekeran, Rohit Anthony Sinha, Manvendra K. Singh, Stuart Alexander Cook, Ayako Suzuki, Teegan Reina Lim, Chang-Chuen Cheah, Jue Wang, Rui-Ping Xiao, Xiuqing Zhang, Pierce Kah Hoe Chow, Paul Michael Yen
Summary: The study reveals that hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) through homocysteinylation of proteins, leading to autophagy blockage. Vitamin B-12 and folate may serve as a novel first-line therapy for NASH by reducing homocysteine levels and promoting autophagy, thus improving liver histology.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Madhulika Tripathi, Brijesh Kumar Singh, Paul Michael Yen
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jin Zhou, Jeremy Pang, Madhulika Tripathi, Jia Pei Ho, Anissa Anindya Widjaja, Shamini Guna Shekeran, Stuart Alexander Cook, Ayako Suzuki, Anna Mae Diehl, Enrico Petretto, Brijesh Kumar Singh, Paul Michael Yen
Summary: The study found that spermidine can restore liver cell function impaired by non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and prevent the progression of NASH in mice.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sangam Rajak, Archana Tewari, Sana Raza, Pratima Gupta, Bandana Chakravarti, Baby Anjum, Madhulika Tripathi, Brijesh K. Singh, Paul M. Yen, Amit Goel, Sujoy Ghosh, Rohit A. Sinha
Summary: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a pivotal stage in the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and increases the risk of serious liver diseases. Identifying reliable molecular players in the etiology of NASH has been difficult. Furthermore, there are currently no approved drugs for NASH treatment. This study highlights the involvement of CFTR in the pathogenesis of NASH and suggests the possibility of its pharmacological inhibition in human NASH.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Madhulika Tripathi, Brijesh Kumar Singh
Summary: Orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERR alpha) plays a crucial role in regulating energy metabolism, but its hyperactivation in breast cancer leads to cell migration, proliferation, and tumour development. The study by Brindisi et al. reveals that cholesterol can activate ERR alpha endogenously, promoting breast cancer aggressiveness, highlighting the potential anti-tumour effects of cholesterol-lowering drugs like statins.