Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Katsuyoshi Okumoto, Kengo Kato, Hideki Ono, Yoshihiko Higuchi
Summary: The demand for cleanliness of high chromium steel is increasing due to the formation of inclusions such as alumina and spinel in the steel refining process. The stability of MgO in high chromium steel is higher compared to plain steel, and the interaction between chromium and magnesium plays a role in shifting the boundary of stable conditions of inclusions. The variations of inclusions in molten Fe-Cr steel can be explained by considering the stable conditions of MgO and MgO center dot Al2O3.
ISIJ INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Lei Cao, Liguang Zhu, Zhihong Guo, Guoxing Qiu
Summary: A new method of non-alloyed hydrogen deoxidation is proposed and the hydrogen deoxidation of GCr15 is studied using thermodynamic modelling. The results show that carbon and hydrogen compete for deoxidation during the blowing of hydrogen, and the degree of deoxidation depends on the ratio of hydrogen to water vapor. It is also found that carbon has a stronger deoxidation ability than hydrogen under vacuum conditions.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2023)
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Lei Cao, Li-guang Zhu, Zhi-hong Guo
Summary: Non-metallic inclusions have a significant impact on the fatigue life and quality stability of high-quality bearing steel. The research progress of inclusion formation, removal, and modification was discussed, and the feasibility of non-alloy deoxidation process using C or H-2 as deoxidizer for high-quality bearing steel was proposed. The non-alloy deoxidation process is of great importance for reducing oxygen content and improving cleanliness of high-quality bearing steel.
JOURNAL OF IRON AND STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Angshuman Podder, Kenneth S. Coley, Andre B. Phillion
Summary: Complex deoxidation with Si and Mn is beneficial for certain steel long products, but the introduction of Al through steel-slag reactions can lead to unwanted inclusion formation and nozzle clogging. In this study, a kinetic model is developed to simulate steel-slag-inclusion reactions and investigate the effect of slag-metal reactions on inclusions.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Katsuyoshi Okumoto, Kengo Kato, Hideki Ono, Yoshihiko Higuchi
Summary: This study investigates the formation conditions of MgO and MgO · Al2O3 in high chromium steel and explains the variations of inclusions in molten Fe-Cr steel.
TETSU TO HAGANE-JOURNAL OF THE IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE OF JAPAN
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lingxin Kong, Takanari Ouchi, Toru H. Okabe
Summary: A novel method using holmium and holmium chloride as deoxidizer and flux respectively has been developed to efficiently remove oxygen in titanium, resulting in low-oxygen titanium materials that can potentially be used for titanium scrap recycling and low-oxygen titanium powder production.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shen-yang Song, Jing Li, Wei Yan
Summary: The mechanism of carryover slag on steel during tapping was investigated, and the major reaction equations were confirmed. It was found that the increase of carryover slag amount led to a decrease in sulfur distribution but an increase in the number of inclusions.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Ming Li, Huajie Wu, Yanhui Sun
Summary: The study showed that steel deoxidized using Zr-Ti had lower inclusion densities and more globular inclusions compared to steel deoxidized using Al. Zr-Ti-killed steel had smaller grain diameters, higher impact toughness, and higher yield strength than Al-killed steel. The use of Zr-Ti deoxidizer positively affected the ductility of the steel.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Liang Yao, Xiaojuan Chen, Chunmu Yu, Jieming Chen, Yiqi Lai, Ning Li
Summary: The metal-free photocatalyst of few-layer phosphorene was prepared using liquid exfoliation method. The photocatalytic degradation experiments showed excellent activity towards tetracycline and the proposed mechanism of degradation involved efficient separation of photogenerated h(+) and e(-).
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Toru H. Okabe, Lingxin Kong, Takanari Ouchi
Summary: This study presents a new technology for removing oxygen from titanium using rare earth metal vapor, and its feasibility is analyzed thermodynamically. The results show that titanium with oxygen levels of less than 500 ppm can be obtained by exploiting the deoxidation ability of samarium, thulium, and ytterbium combined with their oxychloride formation.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Min Jiang, Kai-lun Li, Rui-gang Wang, En-jiao Yang, Xin-hua Wang
Summary: The cleanliness and control of inclusions in Al deoxidized bearing steel were studied through industrial trials. It was found that the use of specific basic slags during the refining process resulted in better control of inclusions, with higher slag basicity and Al2O3 content leading to more desirable results. However, an increase in inclusion density and the presence of large inclusions were observed after Ar bubbling, indicating the potential risk of large inclusions in bearing steel during this process.
ISIJ INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hongpo Wang, Peng Yu, Xiaoqing Zhou, Yu Wang, Xuewei Lv
Summary: Stability diagrams are crucial for studying deoxidation equilibrium and controlling inclusions in molten steel. Three-dimensional stability diagrams can visually show phase boundaries and transformation trends among phases. An interesting transformation of inclusions was observed in the Fe-Al-Mg-O system, where the equilibrium products of aluminum-magnesium composite deoxidation can transition between MgO, MgO·Al2O3, and Al2O3.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wei Xiao, Yan-ping Bao, Chao Gu, Min Wang, Yu Liu, Yong-sheng Huang, Guang-tao Sun
Summary: The study investigates the mechanism of oxide inclusions in fatigue crack initiation in the VHCF regime, revealing differences in inclusion types and their effects on fatigue life in Si- and Al-deoxidized steels. Cracks in Al-deoxidized steel are caused by calcium aluminate inclusions, while most fatigue cracks in Si-deoxidized steel are triggered by the inhomogeneity of the steel matrix. The mechanisms of fatigue fracture caused by calcium aluminate and silicate inclusions are analyzed, showing varying impacts on the fatigue life of bearing steels.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINERALS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Larissa dos Santos Silva Araujo, Giuseppe Lazzara, Leonardo Chiappisi
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the thermodynamics aspects of surfactants and CDs inclusion complexes formation in aqueous environment, emphasizing the assessment of interactions, thermodynamic driving forces, and structural aspects. It also discusses the most common analytical techniques used to gather deep insight into CDs complexes, pointing out the perspectives for the surfactant-cyclodextrin complexes.
ADVANCES IN COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Xuetao Wu, Rong Zhu, Baochen Han, Yuhua Peng, Guangsheng Wei, Kai Dong
Summary: The study focused on a new technology called Tapping Online Refining to solve the issue of peroxidation and excessive inclusions in the tapping process of an electric arc furnace. Results showed that this technology can significantly increase alloy utilization and reduce initial precipitation deoxidation inclusions.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2021)
