Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
S. C. Broome, T. Pham, A. J. Braakhuis, R. Narang, H. W. Wang, A. J. R. Hickey, C. J. Mitchell, T. L. Merry
Summary: The role of mitochondrial ROS in muscle adaptations to exercise training was examined in this study. Supplementation with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ was found to enhance skeletal muscle PGC1 alpha mRNA expression following acute exercise. However, it had no significant effects on exercise-induced oxidative stress or training-induced mitochondrial content and function.
Article
Physiology
Craig Twist, Richard Bott, Jamie Highton
Summary: The study showed that running HIIT had higher absolute oxygen consumption and heart rate compared to cycling HIIT. Total time at high intensity threshold (V) over dotO(2max) was higher in running than cycling. Overall perception of effort and leg specific effort were similar between running and cycling, but breathing effort was higher in running. Additionally, maximal isometric knee extension force remained unchanged after running but experienced a moderate reduction after cycling.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana C. Goncalves, Dario Gaspar, Jose David Flores-Felix, Amilcar Falcao, Gilberto Alves, Luis R. Silva
Summary: In recent years, research has focused on finding micronutrients and nutritional strategies to prevent exercise-induced muscle damage and oxidative stress, and improve athlete performance. Supplementation with phenolic compounds, due to their health-promoting properties, has shown promising results in reducing muscle soreness and accelerating recovery. Phenolics have also been found to improve temporal performance and reduce psychological stress and fatigue in athletes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes, Debora Eduarda da Silvia Fidelis, Felipe J. Aidar, Georgian Badicu, Gianpiero Greco, Stefania Cataldi, Gabriela Carvalho Jurema Santos, Raphael Frabricio de Souza, Luca Paolo Ardigo
Summary: CoQ10 supplementation can decrease levels of oxidative stress and liver damage markers, and improve antioxidant activity and anaerobic performance.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Aleksandra Bojarczuk, Magdalena Dzitkowska-Zabielska
Summary: Antioxidants in sports exercise training are a controversial topic in research. Athletes often use plant-derived polyphenol supplements to minimize exercise-induced oxidative stress, enhance muscle recovery, and improve performance. However, the existing literature lacks definitive evidence supporting the promotion of dietary polyphenols specifically among athletes. This review highlights the limited evidence suggesting the benefits of antioxidant substances for athletes and emphasizes the need for further research on their impact on exercise-induced oxidative stress and optimal dosing methods.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Reza Zare, Rachel Kimble, Ali Ali Redha, Giuseppe Cerullo, Tom Clifford
Summary: Athletes are increasingly using chokeberry supplements, which are rich in polyphenols, to enhance exercise performance by modifying oxidative stress and inflammation. This systematic review aims to explore the effects of chokeberry supplementation on athletic performance, oxidative stress markers, inflammation, and haematology. Ten studies were included, involving athletes from various sports, and the comprehensive summary showed that chokeberry supplementation may improve the redox balance of athletes, but further evidence is required to determine its effects on inflammation, platelet function, iron metabolism, and exercise performance.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Diogo Martinho, Hadi Nobari, Ana Faria, Adam Field, Daniel Duarte, Hugo Sarmento
Summary: This study reviews the effects of BCAAs in athletic populations. Although BCAAs have some impact on anabolic signals, their effects on performance and body composition are negligible. However, BCAAs can alleviate muscle soreness in resistance training, while their effects in endurance sports are inconsistent.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jeronimo Aragon-Vela, Olivia Gonzalez-Acevedo, Julio Plaza-Diaz, Rafael A. Casuso, Jesus R. Huertas
Summary: This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of seawater consumption in long-duration sport events. The results indicate that consuming seawater can accelerate the recovery of aerobic capacity and muscle capacity, while reducing lactate production after running exercise.
Article
Physiology
P. E. Adami, J. E. Rocchi, N. Melke, G. De Vito, M. Bernardi, A. Macaluso
Summary: This study compared the physiological profiles of endurance, HIFT, and power athletes, finding that HIFT athletes perform well in both aerobic capacity and strength output, indicating that HIFT programs are effective in improving endurance and power-related physical fitness components.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Rachel Tan, Matthew Black, Joseph Home, Jamie Blackwell, Ida Clark, Lee Wylie, Anni Vanhatalo, Andrew M. M. Jones
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of concurrent and independent administration of dietary nitrate and N-acetylcysteine on physiological responses during prolonged exercise and subsequent high-intensity exercise tolerance. The results showed that plasma levels of nitrate and nitrite were significantly increased in the group that ingested beetroot juice and N-acetylcysteine, and plasma cysteine levels were increased in the group that ingested N-acetylcysteine. Muscle excitability during prolonged cycling was better preserved in the group that ingested N-acetylcysteine compared to the other groups. However, there was no effect of supplementation on subsequent exercise tolerance.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Lara Gomes Suhett, Rodrigo de Miranda Monteiro Santos, Brenda Kelly Souza Silveira, Arieta Carla Gualandi Leal, Alice Divina Melo de Brito, Juliana Farias de Novaes, Ceres Mattos Della Lucia
Summary: Curcumin, the main phenolic compound in turmeric, has been found to have positive effects on athletes and physical exercise practitioners, showing benefits such as reduced inflammation and oxidative stress, decreased pain and muscle damage, superior recovery and muscle performance, improved psychological and physiological responses, and enhanced gastrointestinal function.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Dongfeng Ning, Yingying Zhang, Xiaojing Li, Anzhen Qin, Chao Huang, Yuanyuan Fu, Yang Gao, Aiwang Duan
Summary: Drought has a significant negative impact on wheat production, but silicon supplementation can enhance wheat resistance to drought stress. In this study, the effects of foliar supplementation of silicon on wheat under drought stress at different growth stages were investigated. It was found that moderate water deficit reduced wheat growth and increased osmolyte content and lipid peroxidation. However, silicon application at the anthesis and filling stages improved wheat growth, antioxidant activity, and soluble sugar content, ultimately leading to increased yield. Overall, foliar silicon supplementation, especially at the reproductive stage, effectively alleviated drought-induced yield reduction in wheat.
Article
Sport Sciences
Aaron Hengist, Jonathan D. Watkins, Harry A. Smith, Robert M. Edinburgh, James A. Betts, Gregory A. B. Roe, Javier Gonzalez
Summary: This study found that consuming glucose-fructose mixtures after high-intensity rugby training does not enhance subsequent performance compared to glucose-based recovery drinks. Blood lactate concentrations were higher with glucose-fructose mixtures, but gastrointestinal discomfort was low in both conditions.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Joshua L. Jacobs, Matt J. Hersom, John G. Andrae, Susan K. Duckett
Summary: Understanding the relationship between supplementation and animal production requires considering all variables that can affect this relationship. Many studies have been conducted on the utilization of consumed supplements and cattle production response. Supplementation costs play a significant role in farm profitability. Precision individual supplementation technologies, while costly, require adaptation or training periods for cattle to utilize them. This research aimed to assess the training and adoption rates of different groups of cattle to the Super SmartFeed (SSF).
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Martin Roehling, David McCarthy, Aloys Berg
Summary: The study suggests that protein intake can help reduce exercise-induced muscle stress responses, especially after a marathon race. Protein intake of >= 20% of total energy intake may lead to lower stress reaction levels.
Article
Sport Sciences
David J. Howarth, Daniel D. Cohen, Blake D. McLean, Aaron J. Coutts
Summary: This study aimed to examine the interday ecological reliability of countermovement jump (CMJ) variables. The results showed that CMJ variables had relatively high interday reliability in professional rugby union players, and there were no significant differences between different interday conditions. These findings provide reference reliability for assessing training effects in athletes, but the specific reliability may vary depending on the environment and experimental design.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Sport Sciences
Annie C. Jeffries, Samuele M. Marcora, Aaron J. Coutts, Lee Wallace, Alan McCall, Franco M. Impellizzeri
Summary: The text explains the importance of conceptual framework in scientific research and introduces an updated conceptual framework for physical training, including new measurable components, training effect measures, and a continuum of sport performance outcomes.
Article
Sport Sciences
Andrew Vella, Anthea C. Clarke, Thomas Kempton, Samuel Ryan, Jacob Holden, Aaron J. Coutts
Summary: The study found that match physical activity in Australian Football is influenced by technical and tactical factors, with physical activity levels during attacking and defensive phases related to possession, pressure from opposition players, and the starting event of the play. The research combined the three aspects of AF performance (physical, technical, and tactical) and showed that demands for total distance and high-speed running are highest when players are directly involved in play or applying pressure on the opposition.
SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN FOOTBALL
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Marcelo Massa, Alexandre Moreira, Renato A. Costa, Marcelo R. Lima, Carlos R. Thiengo, Walter Q. Marquez, Aaron J. Coutts, Marcelo S. Aoki
Summary: This study examined the influence of birth date, salivary testosterone concentration, sexual maturity status, and general strength on the selection process of an elite Brazilian soccer club. The results showed that birth date and biological maturation have significant effects on the selection of young soccer players.
Article
Sport Sciences
Richard A. J. Mercer, Jennifer L. Russell, Lauren C. McGuigan, Aaron J. Coutts, Donnie S. Strack, Blake D. McLean
Summary: This study aimed to assess the measurement characteristics of countermovement jump (CMJ) variables in basketball athletes using different variable selection criteria. Results showed that averaging across multiple tests provided more reliable data for CMJ variables. Furthermore, many CMJ measures displayed seasonal changes that were greater than the measurement noise, suggesting the importance of regularly assessing and improving the reliability and sensitivity of CMJ measurement in athletes.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Alana J. Leabeater, Aaron J. Coutts, Anthea C. Clarke, Courtney J. Sullivan
Summary: This study examines the impact of contextual factors on physical activity and technical performance in AFLW matches. The findings suggest that interstate matches can lead to decreased physical activity, while the average high-speed running distance has increased over time. Additionally, players accumulate ranking points at a faster rate when there is a greater score difference.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Chris J. Thompson, Andy Smith, Aaron J. Coutts, Sabrina Skorski, Naomi Datson, Mitchell R. Smith, Tim Meyer
Summary: This study explored the perceived causes of mental fatigue in elite female football players through focus group discussions, revealing themes such as travel fatigue, inability to switch off from football, fatigue following team meetings, use of pre-match music, and internal pressure to succeed. The findings offer practical recommendations to reduce mental fatigue in elite football settings, including considerations for team meeting timing and providing players with rest opportunities.
RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT
(2022)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Matthew A. Pluss, Andrew R. Novak, Kyle J. M. Bennett, Derek Panchuk, Aaron J. Coutts, Job Fransen
Summary: This study aims to investigate the test-retest reliability and discriminant validity of the Mobalytics Proving Ground(TM) assessment for League of Legends. The results showed that this assessment tool can, to some extent, distinguish esports players from controls and has moderate test-retest reliability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE & COACHING
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Stephanie J. Shell, Katie Slattery, Brad Clark, James R. Broatch, Shona L. Halson, Aaron J. Coutts
Summary: This study defines, develops, and validates a subjective scale of training quality through two related studies. The results show that the subjective training quality scale has good internal consistency and face validity, which can help monitor athletes' training quality. It can be used in conjunction with traditional training monitoring tools to provide additional insight into athletes' training.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Bryce D. Daub, Blake D. McLean, Aaron D. Heishman, Aaron J. Coutts
Summary: The purpose of this investigation was to develop and evaluate the measurement characteristics and construct validity of a basketball shooting performance test. The results showed that the novel standardized shooting task (SST) has sufficient reliability and sensitivity to detect meaningful changes in performance, as well as adequate construct validity. Therefore, the SST can be incorporated into athlete monitoring strategies in elite basketball players.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE & COACHING
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Bryce D. Daub, Blake D. McLean, Aaron D. Heishman, Keldon M. Peak, Aaron J. Coutts
Summary: This study aims to investigate the impact of mental fatigue on basketball specific shooting performance using the newly developed Standardized Shooting Task (SST). The results demonstrate that mental fatigue has a negative effect on basketball shooting performance, suggesting that athletes should avoid engaging in mentally demanding tasks prior to competition.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Annie C. Jeffries, Andrew R. Novak, Aaron J. Coutts, Alan McCall, Shaun J. McLaren, Franco M. Impellizzeri
Summary: This study aimed to examine the construct validity and reliability of single items for fatigue and recovery in dancers. Reference instruments were used for construct validity assessment. The results showed significant correlations between the fatigue item and stress items, as well as fatigue items from other scales. The recovery item only partially confirmed construct validity, but displayed acceptable reliability and agreement. The study also provided insights into the dancers' interpretation of fatigue and recovery.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Franco M. Impellizzeri, Ian Shrier, Shaun J. McLaren, Aaron J. Coutts, Alan McCall, Katie Slattery, Annie C. Jeffries, Judd T. Kalkhoven
Summary: Various terms in sport and exercise science and medicine are derived from other fields like epidemiology, pharmacology, and causal inference. This article explores the alignment between the concepts of training load and its subdimensions with classifications used in occupational medicine and epidemiology. It also discusses the meanings of epidemiological terms in the context of causal relationships and their relevance to the physical training process. The article highlights the importance of connecting training load measures to plausible mediators of relevant outcomes in a causal context for effective training optimization.
Review
Sport Sciences
Mitchell J. Henderson, Clementine Grandou, Bryna C. R. Chrismas, Aaron J. Coutts, Franco M. Impellizzeri, Lee Taylor
Summary: The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize and characterize the thermal strain data collected from intermittent sport athletes during competition. The findings indicate that intermittent sport athletes generate core body temperatures in competition that surpass magnitudes associated with impaired health and performance, highlighting the need for interventions to mitigate the high heat strain observed in competition.
Article
Sport Sciences
David J. Howarth, Blake D. McLean, Daniel D. Cohen, Aaron J. Coutts
Summary: The sensitivity of a wide range of countermovement jump (CMJ) variables to a full European professional rugby union season was explored in this study. The results showed that most CMJ variables demonstrated high sensitivity during a professional rugby season. The Mean(3) or Best(FTCT) data treatment methods yielded a greater number of sensitive variables within a season.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2023)