Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nancy E. Murphy, Christopher T. Carrigan, Lee M. Margolis
Summary: The use of high-fat, ketogenic diets to support physical performance has gained popularity, but the impact of such diets on performance remains controversial. A systematic review of 17 studies found that while ketogenic diets may have varying effects on endurance and power/strength performance, overall they do not significantly improve or impair physical performance compared to mixed macronutrient diets. Various factors such as duration of diet consumption, training status, performance tests, and sex differences may contribute to the conflicting results observed in different studies.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Lee M. Margolis, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Emily E. Howard
Summary: Ketogenic diets and ketone supplements result in different changes in substrate metabolism, with supplements having a stronger ketosis effect. Ketogenic diets increase fat oxidation and accumulate ketone bodies as fuel, while supplements rapidly increase ketone body concentrations and inhibit fatty acid mobilization during aerobic exercise.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jeronimo Aragon-Vela, Olivia Gonzalez-Acevedo, Julio Plaza-Diaz, Rafael A. Casuso, Jesus R. Huertas
Summary: This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of seawater consumption in long-duration sport events. The results indicate that consuming seawater can accelerate the recovery of aerobic capacity and muscle capacity, while reducing lactate production after running exercise.
Review
Sport Sciences
Shaun Sutehall, Borja Muniz-Pardos, Andrew Bosch, Yannis Pitsiladis
Summary: Adding sodium alginate to a carbohydrate beverage during exercise does not show significant benefits, but further research is needed for verification.
SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Meredith G. Mock, Katie R. Hirsch, Malia N. M. Blue, Eric T. Trexler, Erica J. Roelofs, Abbie E. Smith-Ryan
Summary: The study found that high molecular weight or low molecular weight glucose polymer solutions did not have a significant ergogenic effect on cycling performance in female athletes. Differences in substrate utilization between genders may explain the discrepancy, warranting further research in performance nutrition for female athletes.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Sport Sciences
Reza Bagheri, Isabelle Robinson, Sajjad Moradi, Jessica Purcell, Elita Schwab, Tharindie Silva, Brooke Baker, Donny M. Camera
Summary: This systematic review investigated the effects of aerobic exercise and high-intensity interval training on post-exercise muscle protein synthesis (MPS). The results showed that most studies reported significant increases in MPS following aerobic exercise and HIIT, particularly for mixed and myofibrillar protein synthesis. However, there was no further increase in MPS after protein ingestion for mitochondrial protein synthesis.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Menno Henselmans, Thomas Bjornsen, Richie Hedderman, Fredrik Tonstad Varvik
Summary: The effect of carbohydrate intake on strength training performance has not been systematically analyzed. Acute supplementation and short-term manipulation did not show beneficial effects, while long-term manipulation had inconsistent results. Carbohydrate intake has minimal impact on workouts consisting of up to 10 sets per muscle group, but may benefit performance during higher intensity workouts. More research is needed for further validation.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aayami Jaguri, Asmaa A. Al Thani, Mohamed A. Elrayess
Summary: Exercise has various beneficial effects on physical and mental well-being. Metabolomics research allows scientists to analyze the impact of exercise on the body by studying released metabolites. Different types of exercise, such as endurance training, resistance training, and combined endurance-resistance exercise, have distinct effects on metabolic pathways and adaptations. Studying exercise-induced metabolites can provide insights into the underlying mechanisms and facilitate the development of tailored exercise programs for optimal health and performance.
Article
Sport Sciences
Grant S. Lipman, Tamara Hew-Butler, Caleb Phillips, Brian Krabak, Patrick Burns
Summary: This study found no association between sodium supplement intake and ultramarathon performance. Dehydrated runners were found to have the best performance, emphasizing the importance of avoiding overhydration.
SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Diogo Hilgemberg Figueiredo, Diego Hilgemberg Figueiredo, Francisco de Assis Manoel, Fabiana Andrade Machado
Summary: The study found that critical speed (CS) had a better predictive power for the 5-km running performance of recreational runners compared to peak running velocity determined on the track field (V-peak_TF). CS1,(2),(3) and CS1,(3) were identified as having the highest predictive power for the 5-km running performance of recreational runners.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ana Paula Renno Sierra, Antonio Alves Fontes-Junior, Ines Assis Paz, Cesar Augustus Zocoler de Sousa, Leticia Aparecida da Silva Manoel, Duane Cardoso de Menezes, Vinicius Alves Rocha, Hermes Vieira Barbeiro, Heraldo Possolo de Souza, Maria Fernanda Cury-Boaventura
Summary: Inadequate nutrient intakes, such as low carbohydrate and calcium intakes, are associated with higher fat mass. High sucrose and sodium intakes are associated with elevated levels of BDNF. Adequate carbohydrate intake after exercise promotes higher levels of myostatin and musclin, while inadequate intakes lead to lower levels of IL-15 and BDNF. High cholesterol and low fiber intakes are associated with lower levels of irisin and apelin.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Domingo Jesus Ramos-Campo, Vicente J. Clemente-Suarez, Rocio Cupeiro, Jose Antonio Benitez-Munoz, Luis Andreu Caravaca, Jacobo a. Rubio-Arias
Summary: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) intake during exercise on endurance performance. The study included 136 studies and found that CHO intake significantly improves performance compared to placebo/control groups. The effect is greater in time to exhaustion tests and for longer durations of exercise. Additionally, CHO intake has a stronger impact on less trained individuals. The dosage, ergometer used, type of CHO ingestion, and type of CHO do not significantly affect the magnitude of performance change.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jingguo Cao, Siman Lei, Xiuqiang Wang, Sulin Cheng
Summary: The study found that a K-LCHF diet did not have significant impact on aerobic capacity and exercise performance, but did have an effect on substrate oxidation response to respiratory exchange rate. Further high-quality interventions are needed to explore the effects of a K-LCHF diet on various endurance training programs.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Callum S. Harnden, J. Agu, T. O. M. Gascoyne
Summary: This article is a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to determine if acute ingestion of citrulline has an ergogenic effect on endurance performance in young healthy adults. The results showed no significant benefit of citrulline supplementation for endurance performance, but further research is needed due to the limited evidence base.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Tim Podlogar, Spela Bokal, Simon Cirnski, Gareth A. Wallis
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different carbohydrate ingestion methods on carbohydrate oxidation rates during long endurance exercise in highly trained cyclists. The results showed that ingestion of carbohydrates at a rate of 120 g/h resulted in higher exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates, but did not lead to additional sparing of endogenous carbohydrates.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Emily K. Farina, Lauren A. Thompson, Joseph J. Knapik, Stefan M. Pasiakos, James P. McClung, Harris R. Lieberman
Summary: This study found that anthropometrics and body composition are predictors of physical performance and success in special forces selection.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Emily E. Howard, Lee M. Margolis, Maya A. Fussell, Clifford G. Rios, Eric M. Meisterling, Christopher J. Lena, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Nancy R. Rodriguez
Summary: This pilot study examines the effect of increased protein intake on myofibrillar protein synthesis and gene expression before ACL reconstruction. The results suggest that increased protein intake may enhance myofibrillar protein synthesis, but does not significantly affect proteolytic and myogenic gene expression.
Article
Immunology
Alyssa N. Varanoske, Holly L. McClung, John J. Sepowitz, Christopher J. Halagarda, Emily K. Farina, Claire E. Berryman, Harris R. Lieberman, James P. McClung, Stefan M. Pasiakos, J. Philip Karl
Summary: Although increased intestinal permeability was not observed during military survival training, increased BBB permeability was associated with stress and cognitive decline, while FFM loss was associated with mood disturbance, suggesting that distinct mechanisms may contribute to decrements in cognitive performance and mood state during severe physical and psychological stress experienced during military survival training.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Emily E. Howard, Mahalakshmi Shankaran, Willian J. Evans, Claire E. Berryman, Lee M. Margolis, Harris R. Lieberman, J. Philip Karl, Andrew J. Young, Monty A. Montano, Marcy D. Matthews, Alec Bizieff, Edna Nyangao, Hussein Mohammed, Melissa N. Harris, Marc K. Hellerstein, Jennifer C. Rood, Stefan M. Pasiakos
Summary: The effects of testosterone on muscle protein synthesis, proteome-wide synthesis rates, and muscle mass during energy deficit were investigated. The results showed that compared to the placebo group, the testosterone group had higher proteome-wide synthesis rates and muscle mass during recovery, suggesting a stimulatory effect of exogenous testosterone on muscle protein synthesis during energy deficit.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
John W. Carbone, Stefan M. Pasiakos
Summary: This review examines the digestibility of animal and plant proteins, their effects on muscle protein synthesis, and their association with sarcopenia. Animal proteins are more digestible and stimulate muscle protein synthesis more effectively. However, modified plant proteins can have comparable digestion and absorption kinetics. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these modified plant protein sources in reducing the risk of sarcopenia.
CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Alyssa N. Varanoske, Melissa N. Harris, Callie Hebert, Emily E. Howard, Neil M. Johannsen, Steven B. Heymsfield, Frank L. Greenway, Lee M. Margolis, Harris R. Lieberman, Robbie A. Beyl, David D. Church, Arny A. Ferrando, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Jennifer C. Rood
Summary: This study demonstrated that a single intramuscular dose of testosterone undecanoate (750 mg) administered to physically active males before a 20-day simulated, multi-stressor military operation increased circulating total and free testosterone concentrations within normal physiological ranges and spared fat-free mass (FFM). However, testosterone administration did not attenuate decrements in physical performance across multiple measures of power, strength, anaerobic or aerobic capacity.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Robert D. Murphy, Kelsey M. James, James R. Ippolito, David E. Barney, Katelyn M. Miller, Nancy E. Murphy, Jess A. Gwin, Stefan M. Pasiakos, James P. McClung, Lee M. Margolis, Stephen R. Hennigar
Summary: FD increases hepcidin in male and female mice, resulting in hypoferremia and tissue iron sequestration.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Meaghan E. Beckner, Harris R. Lieberman, Adrienne Hatch-McChesney, Jillian T. Allen, Philip J. Niro, Lauren A. Thompson, J. Philip Karl, Jess A. Gwin, Lee M. Margolis, Stephen R. Hennigar, James P. McClung, Stefan M. Pasiakos
Summary: Sustained military operations conducted with physical and cognitive stress and limited sleep can lead to degraded cognitive performance and mood. It is unclear whether maintaining energy balance can mitigate these declines.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Oshin Vartanian, Timothy K. Lam, David R. Mandel, Sidney Ann Saint, Gorka Navarrete, Owen T. Carmichael, Kori Murray, Sreekrishna R. Pillai, Preetham Shankapal, John Caldwell, Claire E. Berryman, J. Philip Karl, Melissa Harris, Jennifer C. Rood, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Emma Rice, Matthew Duncan, Harris R. Lieberman
Summary: Previous research has shown that people are more risk averse when making choices about lives compared to cash. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial, we found that exogenous testosterone administration did not impact choice, but it increased sensitivity to negative feedback after risky choices.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Claire E. Berryman, Susan N. Cheung, Erika M. Collette, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Harris R. Lieberman, Victor L. Fulgoni III
Summary: This study characterizes habitual amino acid intakes in the US population and finds that the intakes exceed the recommended minimum requirements. Furthermore, there are differences in amino acid intakes among different races and genders.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bradley M. Ritland, J. L. Judkins, J. A. Naylor, J. R. Kardouni, S. M. Pasiakos, J. M. Jayne
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep and pain intensity in military personnel and to determine if there were differences in sleep metrics and pain intensity between the injured and uninjured individuals. The results showed that pain intensity was positively correlated with sleep quality and daytime sleepiness, and negatively associated with sleep duration. Injured participants reported higher pain intensity, poorer sleep quality, and shorter sleep duration compared to uninjured participants.
BMJ MILITARY HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Lee M. Margolis, Stefan M. Pasiakos
Summary: High energy expenditure without increased energy intake leads to severe energy deficits during cold-weather military operations. These deficits are associated with negative physiological effects and decreased physical performance. Increasing energy density through higher dietary fat intake may be an effective nutritional intervention to reduce energy deficits and mitigate the negative effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIRCUMPOLAR HEALTH
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Bradley M. Ritland, Jason L. Judkins, Jacob A. Naylor, Joseph R. Kardouni, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Julianna M. Jayne
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Alyssa N. Varanoske, Melissa N. Harris, Callie Hebert, Emily E. Howard, Neil M. Johannsen, Steven B. Heymsfield, Frank L. Greenway, Lee M. Margolis, Harris R. Lieberman, David D. Church, Arny A. Ferrando, Jennifer C. Rood, Stefan M. Pasiakos
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Lee M. Margolis, J. Philip Karl, Marques M. Wilson, Julie L. Coleman, Claire C. Whitney, Stefan M. Pasiakos
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)