Journal
RSC ADVANCES
Volume 5, Issue 85, Pages 69325-69333Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10393b
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21174071, 21474055, 81170773]
- Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, China [14JYBJC29400]
- Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education [20130031110014]
- Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China [IRT1257]
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The development of antibacterial materials is recently more and more important and urgent due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. To address the problem, series of new amphiphiles based on epsilon-polylysine (epsilon-PL) were synthesized by alkylation reaction with alkyl bromide, and concurrently their antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity were evaluated. The amphiphiles with a large concentration of positive charges and lipid chain promoted their adsorption to bacterial membranes through electrostatic interaction and hydrophobic interaction, subsequently killed both Gram-positive (S. aureus and B. amyloliquefaciens) and Gram-negative (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) bacteria. Morphology observed using SEM shows that these derivatives could cause leakage of intracellular contents. Analysis of the antimicrobial mechanism displays that these derivatives against the bacteria started with disruption of the bacterial membrane, which caused the leakage of cytoplasm, and killed the bacteria. Among the amphiphiles, epsilon-PL-g-butyl2 presented the most effective antibacterial activity and its minimum inhibitory concentration as low as 3.9 mu g mL(-1). Importantly, the effective antibacterial concentration of epsilon-PL-g-butyl2 displayed no cytotoxicity against human cells. This work not only highlights the great promise of using epsilon-PL-g-butyl2 as a highly effective antibacterial agent but also provides the important tool for understanding the interactions between the microorganisms and amphiphiles-based epsilon-PL.
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