Imaging heterogeneity and transport of degraded Nafion membranes

Accelerated aging experiments of Nafion (R) 212 (N212) membranes were carried out with Fenton's reagent under a series of degradation durations. Morphological changes and appearance of surface defects on degraded membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) mapping was performed to investigate heterogeneity in chemical composition on and off surface defects. In addition, scanning ion conductance microscopy-scanning electrochemical microscopy (SICM-SECM) was used to map the heterogeneous permeability of degraded membranes to a cationic redox probe.