Electric vehicle charging infrastructure in Poland

This article describes the current state of development and future direction in the market for electric vehicles in Poland, with respect to the charging infrastructure. The authors have concentrated above all on the assumptions and results of ventures to-date in this field. There has also been conducted an analysis of the influence of electric vehicle development, in part concerning the charging infrastructure, on the Polish power system. In addition, this article outlines the potential for using electric vehicle charging terminals, in developing Semi Smart systems at the level of low-voltage distribution grids. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.