Status and potential of biogas energy from animal wastes in Turkey

Biogas is a potentially important energy source that can be used for the production of heat, electricity and fuel. It can be produced at wastewater treatment plants, landfills, food and other industrial operations throughout the world. There is largely untapped potential in agricultural operations where animal waste is often land applied or otherwise disposal of without conversion to energy. According to the last agricultural census (2009) in Turkey; there are a total of 3,076,650 agricultural enterprises and approximately 70% of these enterprises are running livestock farming. 10,811,165 of total animal is cattle, 26,877,793 of total animal is small ruminant and 234,082,206 is poultry. The amount of wet waste of these animals is about 120,887,280 t. These wastes could be a major problem for enterprises and cannot be utilized properly. The best way to utilize waste is to produce biogas. In this study, biogas amount which will be obtained from animal waste was calculated for all provinces by using the number of livestock animals and also considering various criteria such as the rate of dry matter and availability. Animal origin waste map of Turkey was also produced with these calculated values. The biogas energy potential of Turkey was found to be 2,177,553,000 m(3) (2.18 Gm(3)) by using the animal numbers in the last agricultural census (2009). The total biogas potential is originated from 68% cattle, 5% small ruminant and 27% poultry. Biogas energy equivalence of Turkey is approximately 49 PJ (1170.4 ktoe). When the prepared waste map is examined; provinces that have more than 1 GJ of biogas energy potential are found to be; Bolu. Bahkesir, izmir, Sakarya, Konya, Manisa, Erzurum, Afyon, Kars and Ankara respectively. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.