Review
Infectious Diseases
Judith Bergada-Pijuan, Michelle Frank, Sara Boroumand, Frederique Hovaguimian, Carlos A. Mestres, Robert Bauernschmitt, Thierry Carrel, Bernd Stadlinger, Frank Ruschitzka, Annelies S. Zinkernagel, Roger D. Kouyos, Barbara Hasse
Summary: The evidence regarding the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) in preventing infective endocarditis (IE) before dental procedures is inconclusive. Only one cohort study suggested a possible decrease in the risk of IE among high-risk patients who received AP prior to invasive dental procedures, but the results were not statistically significant. Further high-quality studies are needed to determine whether it is necessary to recommend the use of AP.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Siti Salmiah Mohd Yunus, Syed Nabil, Muhd Fazlynizam Rashdi, Abd Jabar Nazimi, Rifqah Nordin, Huann Lan Tan, Oteh Maskon, Hamat Che H. Hassan, Tzar Mohd Nizam Khaithir, Aznida Firzah Abdul Aziz, Yee Guan Ng, Ridwan Yeop Ismail, Roszalina Ramli
Summary: This study examines the opinions of Malaysian clinical specialists on antibiotic prophylaxis for infective endocarditis based on the 2008 NICE guideline. A questionnaire was distributed to 794 specialists, with a response rate of 34.9%. Overall, 49.8% of respondents believed in adhering to the guideline, while a majority of oral and maxillofacial surgeons disagreed. Dental procedures such as surgery for an impacted tooth, dental implant surgery, periodontal surgery, and dental extraction in patients with poor oral hygiene were perceived as moderate-to-high risk for IE.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Martin H. Thornhill, Teresa B. Gibson, Frank Yoon, Mark J. Dayer, Bernard D. Prendergast, Peter B. Lockhart, Patrick T. O'Gara, Larry M. Baddour
Summary: This study found a significant temporal association between invasive dental procedures (IDPs), particularly extractions and oral-surgical procedures, and subsequent infective endocarditis (IE) in individuals at high-risk for IE. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) was associated with a significant reduction in IE incidence following these procedures.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Heba Hussein, Camila Montesinos-Guevara, Manal Abouelkheir, Ronald S. Brown, Layal Hneiny, Yasser S. Amer
Summary: This study assessed the quality of clinical practice guidelines for the use of antimicrobial prophylaxis in preventing infective endocarditis. The results showed that out of the four eligible guidelines, three supported the benefits of prevention outweighing the risks of antibiotic resistance.
ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Walter R. Wilson, Michael Gewitz, Peter B. Lockhart, Ann F. Bolger, Daniel C. DeSimone, Dhruv S. Kazi, David J. Couper, Andrea Beaton, Catherine Kilmartin, Jose M. Miro, Craig Sable, Mary Anne Jackson, Larry M. Baddour
Summary: After reviewing the available evidence, no changes are recommended to the 2007 guidelines for preventing Viridans Group Streptococcal Infective Endocarditis. It is still advised to use antibiotic prophylaxis for high-risk patients, emphasizing the importance of oral health in disease prevention. Further randomized controlled studies are needed to refine recommendations.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Larry M. Baddour, Imre Janszky, Martin H. Thornhill, Zerelda Esquer Garrigos, Daniel C. Desimone, Karen Welty-Wolf, Annette L. Baker, Pei-Ni Jone, Bernard Prendergast, Mark J. Dayer
Summary: There is currently no published prospective randomized clinical trial that has established the association between invasive dental and nondental invasive procedures and the risk of infective endocarditis. The efficacy and safety of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing infective endocarditis in high-risk patients during invasive procedures have not been defined. Recent investigations from Sweden and England have shown an association between nondental invasive procedures and the subsequent development of infective endocarditis.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alan T. N. Tita, Waldemar A. Carlo, Elizabeth M. McClure, Musaku Mwenechanya, Elwyn Chomba, Jennifer J. Hemingway-Foday, Avinash Kavi, Mrityunjay C. Metgud, Shivaprasad S. Goudar, Richard Derman, Adrien Lokangaka, Antoinette Tshefu, Melissa Bauserman, Carl Bose, Poonam Shivkumar, Manju Waikar, Archana Patel, Patricia L. Hibberd, Paul Nyongesa, Fabian Esamai, Osayame A. Ekhaguere, Sherri Bucher, Saleem Jessani, Shiyam S. Tikmani, Sarah Saleem, Robert L. Goldenberg, Sk M. Billah, Ruth Lennox, Rashidul Haque, William Petri, Lester Figueroa, Manolo Mazariegos, Nancy F. Krebs, Janet L. Moore, Tracy L. Nolen, Marion Koso-Thomas
Summary: In women planning a vaginal delivery, a single oral dose of azithromycin significantly reduced the risk of maternal sepsis or death compared to placebo, but had little effect on newborn sepsis or death.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Loay Eleyan, Ameer Ahmed Khan, Gledisa Musollari, Ashwini Suresh Chandiramani, Simran Shaikh, Ahmad Salha, Abdulla Tarmahomed, Amer Harky
Summary: Infective endocarditis in children is rare and mostly caused by underlying congenital heart defects. Diagnosis is challenging, with blood cultures and serology testing being common methods. Treatment involves antimicrobial therapy and surgical interventions such as valve repair or replacement.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Marco Lollobrigida, Gianluca Pingitore, Luca Lamazza, Giulia Mazzucchi, Giorgio Serafini, Alberto De Biase
Summary: The benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis for most oral surgical procedures is controversial, with substantial agreement found in some clinical scenarios but discordant responses in others. Specific guidelines on antibiotics in dentistry, particularly on antibiotic prophylaxis in oral surgery, are needed to avoid unnecessary prescriptions, as indicated by the heterogeneous responses collected from the survey sample.
Review
Polymer Science
Jiahe Han, Alessandro Poma
Summary: Infective endocarditis is a heart disease caused by bacterial infection of heart valves. Antibiotics are the main treatment, but their efficacy is limited by bacterial drug resistance and biofilm formation. To overcome these issues, anti-biofilm treatments that enhance antibiotic action are urgently needed.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Shekhar Saha, Anna Dudakova, Bernhard C. Danner, Ingo Kutschka, Marco H. Schulze, Heidi Niehaus
Summary: The incidence of infective endocarditis is rising and Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus species are the most common causative organisms. Dental infections, soft-tissue infections, spondylodiscitis, and infected intravascular implants are the most frequent infective foci. The postoperative mortality rate is high.
THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGEON
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mia Marie Pries-Heje, Julie Glud Hjulmand, Ingrid Try Lenz, Rasmus Bo Hasselbalch, Jonas Agerlund Povlsen, Nikolaj Ihlemann, Nana Kober, Marlene Lyngborg Tofterup, Lauge Ostergaard, Morten Dalsgaard, Daniel Faurholt-Jepsen, Malene Wienberg, Ulrik Christiansen, Niels Eske Bruun, Emil Fosbol, Claus Moser, Kasper Karmark Iversen, Henning Bundgaard
Summary: This study examined the clinical implementation of the POET regimen for the treatment of IE and evaluated the effectiveness and safety of oral step-down antibiotic therapy.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Sarah Freling, Noah Wald-Dickler, Josh Banerjee, Catherine P. Canamar, Soodtida Tangpraphaphorn, Dara Bruce, Kusha Davar, Fernando Dominguez, Daniel Norwitz, Ganesh Krishnamurthi, Lilian Fung, Ashley Guanzon, Emi Minejima, Michael Spellberg, Catherine Spellberg, Rachel Baden, Paul Holtom, Brad Spellberg
Summary: This study compared the outcomes of patients with infective endocarditis who received intravenous therapy only or oral transitional therapy. The results showed that there was no significant difference in clinical success and recurrence rates between the two groups, but the oral therapy group had fewer adverse events.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Guillermo Cuervo, Marta Hernandez-Meneses, Carles Falces, Eduard Quintana, Barbara Vidal, Francesc Marco, Andres Perissinotti, Jordi Carratala, Jose M. Miro
Summary: Infective endocarditis is a deadly infection with a relatively low occurrence rate. Clinical manifestations have changed in industrialized nations, with an increase in nosocomial or healthcare-related cases in older patients, associated with prostheses and/or intravascular electronic devices and a higher prevalence of staphylococcal and enterococcal causes. Diagnosis is challenging and relies on a combination of clinical, microbiological, and imaging information, with advancements in echocardiography and the emergence of other imaging techniques. Treatment selection is complex, with consideration of appropriate agents, dosage, and duration, and the possibility of combined antibiotic regimens. Valve surgery may be necessary for some patients, but the timing is difficult to determine. The management of infective endocarditis requires collaboration among multidisciplinary teams.
SEMINARS IN RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Anna Blackberg, Linn Falk, Karl Oldberg, Lars Olaison, Magnus Rasmussen
Summary: Infective endocarditis caused by Corynebacterium species is a severe condition mainly affecting prosthetic valves, with frequent requirement for surgical intervention. Corynebacterium striatum is a significant pathogen within the genus causing infective endocarditis. Antibiotic resistance of corynebacteria is common, but resistance to vancomycin was not detected in vitro.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Asma El-Howati, Martin H. Thornhill, Helen E. Colley, Craig Murdoch
Summary: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a T cell-mediated inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa. The mechanisms of pathogenesis are still not fully understood, but evidence suggests a chronic, dysregulated immune response leading to increased expression of cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. CD8+ cytotoxic and CD4+ Th1 polarised T cells are the main lymphocytes involved, but recent evidence indicates the involvement of other T cell subsets.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Martin H. Thornhill, Annabel Crum, Richard Campbell, Tony Stone, Ellen C. Lee, Mike Bradburn, Veronica Fibisan, Mark Dayer, Bernard D. Prendergast, Peter Lockhart, Larry Baddour, Jon Nicoll
Summary: This study identifies a significant association between specific IPs (such as permanent pacemaker and defibrillator implantation, dental extraction, gastrointestinal endoscopy, and bronchoscopy) and subsequent IE, which warrants re-evaluation of current antibiotic prophylaxis recommendations to prevent IE in high IE risk individuals.
Letter
Immunology
Martin H. Thornhill, Mark Dayer, Bernard D. Prendergast, Peter Lockhart, Larry Baddour
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Letter
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Martin h. Thornhill, Teresa B. Gibson, Mark J. Dayer, Bernard d. Prendergast, Peter B. Lockhart, Patrick T. O'gara, Larry M. Baddour
JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY
(2023)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Martin H. Thornhill, Mark J. Dayer, Peter B. Lockhart, Patrick T. O'Gara, Larry M. Baddour
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Martin H. Thornhill, Teresa B. Gibson, Cory Pack, Bedda L. Rosario, Sarah Bloemers, Peter B. Lockhart, Bryan Springer, Larry M. Baddour
Summary: A study found no significant association between invasive dental procedures and late periprosthetic joint infections. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis did not have any significant effect in reducing the risk of infections.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jonathan A. T. Sandoe, Fozia Ahmed, Parthiban Arumugam, Achyut Guleri, Carolyne Horner, Philip Howard, John Perry, Bernard D. Prendergast, Ralph Schwiebert, Richard Paul Steeds, Richard Watkin, Olaf Wendler, John B. Chambers
Summary: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a challenging condition to diagnose and treat, and it has serious consequences for patients, including prolonged hospital stays, life-altering complications, and high mortality rates. A new multidisciplinary, multiprofessional Working Party, led by the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (BSAC), conducted a systematic review of the literature to update the guidelines for delivering services to IE patients. The report provides recommendations for endocarditis teams, infrastructure and support, referral processes, patient follow-up and information, and governance, as well as research recommendations. This joint effort involved multiple medical societies in the UK.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Mo Kwok, Katie L. Heard, Anthony May, Rachel Pilgrim, Jonathan Sandoe, Sarah Tansley, Jennifer Scott
Summary: The study aims to identify and summarize the health outcomes of penicillin allergy testing (PAT) in children. The results show that PAT can effectively delabel allergies and improve tolerance to penicillin use in children. However, there is a lack of research on outcomes related to disease burden, which requires further investigation.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Carolina C. Martins, Peter B. Lockhart, Ramon T. Firmino, Catherine Kilmartin, Thomas J. Cahill, Mark Dayer, Ingrid G. P. Occhi-Alexandre, Honghao Lai, Long Ge, Martin H. Thornhill
Summary: This study evaluated the timing, duration, and incidence of bacteremia following invasive dental procedures and activities of daily living. Dental extractions, scaling and root planing, and oral health procedures had the highest frequency of bacteremia, while toothbrushing, flossing, and chewing also caused bacteremia but with lower frequency.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Martin H. Thornhill, Teresa B. Gibson, Frank Yoon, Mark J. Dayer, Bernard D. Prendergast, Peter B. Lockhart, Patrick T. O'Gara, Larry M. Baddour
Summary: Invasive dental procedures, especially extractions and oral surgery, were found to be significantly associated with endocarditis in high-risk individuals. However, antibiotic prophylaxis was shown to significantly reduce the incidence of endocarditis following these procedures.
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Peter B. Lockhart, Vivian Chu, Jing Zhao, Frank Gohs, Martin H. Thornhill, Bruce Pihlstrom, Farah Bahrani Mougeot, Geoffrey A. Rose, Yee-Ping Sun, Joel Napenas, Stephanie Munz, Peter M. Farrehi, Thomas Sollecito, Vidya Sankar, Patrick T. O'Gara
Summary: This study found an association between oral hygiene and infective endocarditis (IE). Patients with IE had higher dental calculus and plaque index compared to the control group. The case participants also reported fewer dental and oral hygiene visits in the past 12 weeks.
ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Pedro Diz Dios, Luis Monteiro, Kununya Pimolbutr, Margherita Gobbo, Katherine France, Mohammed Bindakhil, Haly Holmes, Francesca Sperotto, Laurel Graham, Federica Turati, Andrea Salvatori, Catherine Hong, Thomas P. Sollecito, Giovanni Lodi, Martin H. Thornhill, Peter B. Lockhart, Valeria Edefonti
Summary: This study examines the awareness and adherence of dentists to antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) guidelines for preventing infective endocarditis (IE) in patients with high-risk heart conditions. The findings show that although about 75% of surveyed dentists claimed to be knowledgeable about AP guidelines, only about 25% complied with them. The study also reveals that adherence to American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines was four times higher than adherence to National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommendations. Furthermore, there were significant geographic differences in adherence rates and the percentage of dentists seeking advice from physicians and/or cardiologists.
ORAL SURGERY ORAL MEDICINE ORAL PATHOLOGY ORAL RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Victoria Rizzo, Mohammad Yousuf Salmasi, Michael Sabetai, Christopher Primus, Jonathan Sandoe, Michael Lewis, Simon Woldman, Thanos Athanasiou
Summary: This systematic review evaluates all available risk scores for infective endocarditis (IE) and finds that some scores perform well in the derivation cohorts but poorly in new cohorts. The development of current IE risk scores is limited by small sample size, retrospective data collection, short-term outcomes, and lack of external validation, highlighting the need for future population studies and large registries to address this clinical need.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Larry M. Baddour, Imre Janszky, Martin H. Thornhill, Zerelda Esquer Garrigos, Daniel C. Desimone, Karen Welty-Wolf, Annette L. Baker, Pei-Ni Jone, Bernard Prendergast, Mark J. Dayer
Summary: There is currently no published prospective randomized clinical trial that has established the association between invasive dental and nondental invasive procedures and the risk of infective endocarditis. The efficacy and safety of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing infective endocarditis in high-risk patients during invasive procedures have not been defined. Recent investigations from Sweden and England have shown an association between nondental invasive procedures and the subsequent development of infective endocarditis.
Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Craig S. Miller, Martin H. Thornhill
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
