Article
Optics
Jakub Belin, Johannes Courtial, Tomas Tyc
Summary: Lens stars are composed of identical thin lenses arranged in a regular star shape, suitable for building ideal-lens TO devices. Ray trajectories in lens stars are found to be piecewise straight approximations of conic sections, and the concept is extended to Platonic lenses for further study. The research contributes to the understanding of TO with ideal lenses.
Article
Ophthalmology
Grzegorz Labuz, Timur M. Yildirim, Gerd U. Auffarth, Hyeck-Soo Son, Ramin Khoramnia
Summary: The study found that IOL calcification can induce higher-order aberrations, but the RMS value remains low, resulting in only a slight decrease in optical quality derived from SR. However, a significant increase in straylight was observed in opacified lenses, which may lead to subjective complaints such as glare, despite good visual acuity.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Teresa Quattrin, Lucy D. Mastrandrea, Lucy S. K. Walker
Summary: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, and individuals with this disease rely on insulin for survival. Despite advancements, the burden of this disease remains high. Research shows that blocking the immune attack on beta cells holds promise in preserving endogenous insulin production.
Article
Ophthalmology
Yusuf Cem Yilmaz, Serife Ciloglu Hayat, Sefik Can Ipek
Summary: This study compared the densitometry findings of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and a healthy group to understand the potential changes in the cornea and lens in those with diabetes mellitus (DM). The results showed significantly higher corneal densitometry values in the diabetic group, indicating the usefulness of optical densitometry in early diagnosis and follow-up of structural and functional changes in the cornea.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Ophthalmology
Li Wang, Douglas D. Koch
Summary: Different methods exist for IOL power calculations in eyes with history of corneal refractive surgery, with outcomes varying based on the type of surgery. The ASCRS postrefractive IOL calculator is a useful tool for clinicians, incorporating a variety of formulas to improve outcomes. Toric, EDOF, and multifocal IOLs may provide excellent outcomes in selected cases meeting specific corneal topographic criteria.
Review
Immunology
James Alexander Pearson, F. Susan Wong, Li Wen
Summary: Microbiota play a crucial role in modulating susceptibility to Type 1 diabetes, with the association of microbiota composition with genetic risk and immune responses. The role of inflammasomes in Type 1 diabetes and the development of inhibitors for therapeutically targeting inflammasomes are areas that require further study.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Colin M. Dayan, Rachel E. J. Besser, Richard A. Oram, William Hagopian, Manu Vatish, Owen Bendor-Samuel, Matthew D. Snape, John A. Todd
Summary: Recent studies have shown that monitoring pancreatic islet autoantibodies and genetic risk assessment can identify most children who will develop T1D, with immunotherapy and primary prevention methods showing success in delaying disease progression. By shifting focus towards early diagnosis and b cell preservation, a future without daily insulin injections for children with T1D is anticipated.
Article
Immunology
Xiongfeng Pan, Atipatsa C. Kaminga, Sanjay Kinra, Shi Wu Wen, Hongying Liu, Xinrui Tan, Aizhong Liu
Summary: This study summarized the associations of different chemokines with T1DM, revealing that circulating concentrations of CCL5 and CXCL1 were significantly higher in T1DM patients compared to controls. Circulating CCL5 ranked highest among all the chemokines investigated in T1DM.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Susanna Esposito, Elena Mariotti Zani, Lisa Torelli, Sara Scavone, Maddalena Petraroli, Viviana Patianna, Barbara Predieri, Lorenzo Iughetti, Nicola Principi
Summary: Type 1 diabetes is the most common pediatric endocrine disease with an increased infection risk and lower immune response to vaccines; further research is needed to establish the most effective and safe vaccine use in this population.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hasim Tekin, Knud Josefsen, Lars Krogvold, Knut Dahl-Jorgensen, Ivan Gerling, Flemming Pociot, Karsten Buschard
Summary: The incidence of type 1 diabetes in children under 18 years of age increases after COVID-19 infection. Decreased expression of PDE12 is associated with T1D development, while rare PDE12 SNPs may increase the risk of T1D.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Annika Rosengren, Pigi Dikaiou
Summary: Diabetes is a highly prevalent cardiometabolic disorder associated with cardiovascular disease and premature death. The type of diabetes that carries the highest risk of these outcomes is still controversial and lacks extensive research. The rise in type 2 diabetes prevalence has significant global health implications due to its association with cardiovascular disease.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Emil F. Coccaro, Sophie Lazarus, Joshua Joseph, Kathline Wyne, Tina Drossos, Louis Phillipson, Mary de Groot
Summary: The study found that negative emotional experience is positively related to diabetes-related distress, while the skill at regulating these emotions is negatively related to diabetes-related distress, with a medium-size relationship between these emotional regulation variables and diabetes-related distress. The data suggest that diabetes-related distress in adults with diabetes is meaningfully linked to negative emotionality and skill at regulating such emotions, with a stronger relationship than perceived psychological stress or diabetes self-care.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vikas S. Sridhar, Christine P. Limonte, Per-Henrik Groop, Hiddo J. L. Heerspink, Richard E. Pratley, Peter Rossing, Jay S. Skyler, David Z. I. Cherney
Summary: The current management of CKD in type 1 diabetes focuses on blood sugar control, inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system and optimizing risk factors. However, individuals with type 1 diabetes and CKD still face elevated risks for kidney and cardiovascular events. Novel therapies used in type 2 diabetes, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, have shown potential kidney and heart protection. Applying these therapies to individuals with type 1 diabetes for the prevention of CKD is of great importance.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Stephanie Fuchs, Alexander U. Ernst, Long-Hai Wang, Kaavian Shariati, Xi Wang, Qingsheng Liu, Minglin Ma
Summary: This review article summarizes the recent developments in the utilization of hydrogels for smart insulin delivery and insulin-producing cell therapies for type 1 diabetes management. It discusses glucose-sensitive hydrogels, pH-sensitive polymeric hydrogels, and other physiochemical signals for triggering insulin release from hydrogels. The article also explores the use of hydrogels in encapsulating insulin-secreting cells with a focus on mitigating foreign body response, providing suitable extracellular microenvironment, and enhancing mass transfer through oxygen supplementation and vascularization.
Review
Immunology
Balasubramanian Krishnamurthy, Matthew Lacorcia, Thomas W. H. Kay, Helen E. Thomas, Stuart I. Mannering
Summary: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease mediated by T cells. Short-term treatment targeting T cells, B cells, and inflammatory cytokines has shown temporary disease activity pause. Lessons learned from these trials will be discussed, with the expectation that effective disease-modifying agents will be available for early-stage T1D. Advances in analyzing antigen-specific T cells and discovering biomarkers through high-dimensional profiling offer promising prospects for predicting disease onset, progression, and therapeutic efficacy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Biographical-Item
Ophthalmology
Nathan Efron
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPTOMETRY
(2022)
Biographical-Item
Ophthalmology
Nathan Efron
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPTOMETRY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Jason J. Nichols, Philip B. Morgan, Nathan Efron, Lyndon W. Jones
Summary: This study identified and ranked a group of outstanding scientists in the field of optometry, highlighting their significant contributions to optometric research. Additionally, the distribution of optometrists from different countries worldwide and the prominent role of certain universities in this field were demonstrated in the results.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPTOMETRY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Joanne M. Wood, David A. Atchison, Alex A. Black, Gregoire S. Larue
Summary: This study investigated the effects of lens blur on incorrect colour perception of red signals. The results showed that low levels of blur resulted in a significant misperception of red signals as orange-yellow, particularly for dim signals. The findings have important implications for vision testing and refractive correction of train drivers to prevent color misperception of red train signals.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Dinesh Kaphle, Saulius R. Varnas, Katrina L. Schmid, Marwan Suheimat, Alexander Leube, David A. Atchison
Summary: This study aimed to compare the accommodative errors between emmetropes and myopes and investigate the effect of using different instruments and metrics. It was found that emmetropes had smaller lags of accommodation compared to myopes. There were significant differences between methods and instruments.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
David A. Atchison, Jos J. Rozema
Summary: This study provides an overview of the misconceptions and potential artefacts associated with measuring peripheral refractive error and eye length, and discusses their implications for determining retinal shape and myopia development. Several issues were identified, such as the relationship between peripheral refractive error and myopia development, and the accuracy of measuring peripheral eye length using an optical biometer. Some of these issues can be addressed, while others require further investigation.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Dinesh Kaphle, Katrina L. Schmid, Marwan Suheimat, Scott A. Read, David A. Atchison
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between peripheral choroid thickness and eye length changes during accommodation. The results showed that eye length increased with accommodation, while the choroid thinned. The thinning of the choroid accounted for approximately 60% of the eye length increase.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Annabelle Seddon, Hanna M. Chaki, Hang-My J. D. Phan, Jessica G. Spink, Matthew L. P. Ha, Surini Wijesuriya, David A. Atchison, Andrew Carkeet
Summary: This study investigated how unequal image sizes between the eyes affect visual acuity. The results showed that induced aniseikonia slightly reduced binocular visual acuity, but the change was small and cannot be used as a diagnostic marker in clinical settings.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPTOMETRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Georgios Ponirakis, Hanadi Al Hamad, Dunya A. M. Omar, Ioannis N. Petropoulos, Adnan Khan, Hoda Gad, Mani Chandran, Masharig Gadelseed, Ahmed Elsotouhy, Marwan Ramadan, Priya V. Gawhale, Marwa Elorrabi, Rhia Tosino, Ziyad R. Mahfoud, Shafi Khan, Pravija Manikoth, Yasmin H. M. Abdelrahim, Mahmoud A. Refaee, Noushad Thodi, Ahmed Own, Ashfaq Shuaib, Rayaz A. Malik
Summary: This study compared the utility of corneal nerve measures and brain volumetry for predicting progression to dementia in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The results showed that corneal nerve measures had a higher prognostic accuracy than hippocampus and whole brain volume for identifying individuals who progressed to dementia.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Martin de Tomas, Abel Szeps, Gabriel Martin, Juan Manuel Suarez, David A. Atchison, Jos J. Rozema, Rafael Iribarren
Summary: This study analyzed OCT images of retinal shadows caused by defocus and diffusion optics spectacles. The results showed obvious retinal shadows in the periphery of the images, while the central area remained clear. The discrepancy between the actual size of the shadows and their appearance in the OCT images was attributed to the scanning OCT beam not being parallel to the optical axis. With device-specific correction, retinal OCT images can help visualize the regions affected by defocus or lowered contrast induced by myopia control spectacles.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adnan Khan, Madeeha A. Kamal, Abdula Alhothi, Hoda N. Gad, Marian A. Adan, Georgios Ponirakis, Ioannis Petropoulos, Rayaz Malik
Summary: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by communication and interaction difficulties. Recent studies have found abnormal tactile discrimination and allodynia in ASD subjects, as well as neuronal loss in the amygdala, cerebellum, and inter-hemispheric regions of the brain. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) can identify central corneal nerve fiber loss in children with ASD, suggesting its potential as an imaging biomarker for neuronal loss in different subtypes of ASD and disease progression.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ioannis N. Petropoulos, Fatima Al-Shibani, Gulfidan Bitirgen, Georgios Ponirakis, Adnan Khan, Hoda Gad, Ziyad R. Mahfoud, Heba Altarawneh, Muhammad Hassan Rehman, Karen John, Dhabia Al-Merekhi, Pooja George, Ali Ulvi Uca, Ahmet Ozkagnici, Faiza Ibrahim, Reny Francis, Beatriz Canibano, Dirk Deleu, Ahmed El-Sotouhy, Surjith Vattoth, Ahmed Own, Ashfaq Shuaib, Naveed Akhtar, Saadat Kamran, Rayaz A. Malik
Summary: Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) can be used to detect axonal loss in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This study found progressive corneal and retinal axonal loss over a 2-year follow-up period, especially in patients with more active disease. CCM may serve as an imaging biomarker of axonal loss in MS.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Aziz Belkadi, Gaurav Thareja, Adnan Khan, Nisha Stephan, Shaza Zaghlool, Anna Halama, Ayeda Abdulsalam Ahmed, Yasmin A. Mohamoud, Joel Malek, Karsten Suhre, Rayaz A. Malik
Summary: This study uses ophthalmic imaging to identify novel retinal and corneal abnormalities in patients with Bardet-Biedl syndrome, expanding the phenotype of this disease.
BMC MEDICAL GENOMICS
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
David A. Atchison, David L. Cooke
Summary: A thin lens technique was developed to determine how the effective powers of toric monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) are influenced by tilt and refractive errors. The correction required at the front of the eye and the power of an IOL that would compensate for the tilt were determined through a series of steps.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ioannis N. Petropoulos, Karen John, Fatima Al-Shibani, Georgios Ponirakis, Adnan Khan, Hoda Gad, Ziyad R. Mahfoud, Heba Altarawneh, Muhammad Hassan Rehman, Dhabia Al-Merekhi, Pooja George, Faiza Ibrahim, Reny Francis, Beatriz Canibano, Dirk Deleu, Ahmed El-Sotouhy, Surjith Vattoth, Mark Stettner, Ahmed Own, Ashfaq Shuaib, Naveed Akhtar, Saadat Kamran, Rayaz A. Malik
Summary: This study found that corneal immune cells in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) undergo changes related to disease progression and treatment status, and are associated with axonal degeneration. Evaluation of corneal immune cells using corneal confocal microscopy can provide insights into the inflammation, disease progression, and treatment effects in MS patients.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
(2023)
