Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Akaash Mundra, Aram Yegiazaryan, Haig Karsian, Dijla Alsaigh, Victor Bonavida, Mitchell Frame, Nicole May, Areg Gargaloyan, Arbi Abnousian, Vishwanath Venketaraman
Summary: Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of mortality, and its rates have increased during the emergence of COVID-19. This review explores the detrimental effects of high levels of type I interferons (IFNs) on the host fighting TB infection. The findings suggest that increased type I IFNs can affect immune cell functions, promote inflammation, and inhibit production of protective substances.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Fatima El Idrissi, Bernard Gressier, David Devos, Karim Belarbi
Summary: The study identified 94 proteins significantly associated with neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease, with IL4, IL10, and other signaling pathways playing key roles. Key regulators such as IL10 and TLR4 were found to control immune processes, regulated by 63 microRNAs dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease, and targetable by various compounds. This research may help prioritize diagnostic biomarkers and develop effective therapeutic strategies against neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Xufeng Cen, Xiaoyan Xu, Hongguang Xia
Summary: This study identified a small molecule compound, UMI-77, as a safe and effective inducer of mitophagy to improve cognitive decline in an AD mouse model. It sheds light on novel mechanisms of mitophagy, demonstrates MCL1 as a receptor that can be targeted to induce mitophagy, and identifies MCL1 as a drug target for therapeutic intervention in AD.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
A. de Rus Jacquet, M. Alpaugh, H. L. Denis, J. L. Tancredi, M. Boutin, J. Decaestecker, C. Beauparlant, L. Herrmann, M. Saint-Pierre, M. Parent, A. Droit, S. Breton, F. Cicchetti
Summary: Astrocyte dysfunction and inflammation contribute to blood-brain barrier (BBB) compromise in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study demonstrates that astrocytes derived from female PD patients with LRRK2 G2019S mutation are pro-inflammatory and impair BBB formation. MEK1/2 signaling inhibition attenuates the inflammatory profile and rescues BBB formation in mutant astrocytes. Vascular changes are observed in the postmortem substantia nigra of both male and female PD patients.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gihan P. Ruwanpathirana, Robert C. Williams, Colin L. Masters, Christopher C. Rowe, Leigh A. Johnston, Catherine E. Davey
Summary: The molecular mechanism of intracellular tau accumulation caused by extracellular A beta-amyloid (A beta) in Alzheimer's disease is not well understood. This study used a convolutional neural network (CNN) to analyze the association between A beta and tau, revealing new associations. The CNN accurately predicted the relationship between A beta and tau.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eleonora Ficiara, Zunaira Munir, Silvia Boschi, Maria Eugenia Caligiuri, Caterina Guiot
Summary: Proper functioning of all organs, including the brain, requires iron, which is present in different forms in biological fluids. Clinical parameters for monitoring iron concentration in biological fluids may not detect circulating iron accurately, while indirect measurements like magnetic resonance imaging need further validation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rawan Tarawneh
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) models propose that abnormal protein aggregation is the primary event in AD, but recent evidence indicates that reduced blood flow due to capillary loss and endothelial dysfunction may be the early and primary events in AD pathogenesis. These vascular factors may precede amyloid and tau aggregation and contribute to neuronal and synaptic injury. Clinical studies have shown that endothelial dysfunction is closely related to cognitive outcomes in AD, suggesting that promoting endothelial repair in early AD may be a potential therapeutic strategy to slow disease progression. This review examines evidence from various studies supporting the vascular hypothesis of AD and emphasizes the need for further investigations into its role in the disease.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alejandro Quintero-Villegas, Sergio Ivan Valdes-Ferrer
Summary: 5-HT7 receptors are the most recently identified among serotonin receptors, and their role in neurodegenerative diseases is not fully understood. This review discusses the signaling pathways and cellular mechanisms involved in 5-HT7R activation, as well as the potential therapeutic implications of pharmacological interventions for 5-HT7R signaling in neurodegeneration.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Patrycja Mulica, Anne Gruenewald, Sandro L. Pereira
Summary: Declining brain energetics play a role in aging and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Recent evidence suggests that astrocytes, key in supporting neuronal function, may also contribute to the development of these diseases. Understanding the metabolic interactions between astrocytes and neurons, particularly regarding mitochondria, has therapeutic potential in addressing neurodegenerative disorders.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhanzhang Wang, Xiuqing Zhu, Yuguan Wen, Dewei Shang
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) has seen significant growth in research in the past decade, with a focus on the role of apolipoprotein E. This study conducted a bibliometric analysis to identify trends in global research, finding that the USA and the University of California were prominent in this field. The most productive author was Zetterberg H, and Petersen RC was the most cited author. The analysis also revealed shifts in research focus towards tau mechanisms and genetic risk factors.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stefan Wendt, Sora Johnson, Nicholas L. Weilinger, Christopher Groten, Stefano Sorrentino, Jonathan Frew, Lucy Yang, Hyun B. Choi, Haakon B. Nygaard, Brian A. MacVicar
Summary: The inter-relationship between microglia dynamics and oxidative stress in dystrophic neurites at Alzheimer's Disease plaques may contribute to the pathological changes in neurons. Microglia preferentially enwrap neurites exhibiting the greatest degree of oxidative stress, and depletion of microglia leads to increased oxidative stress in neurites. These findings suggest a complex role of microglia in Alzheimer's Disease, with both neuroprotective and neurotoxic components.
Article
Neurosciences
Hui-Ru Bi, Cui-Hua Zhou, Yi-Zhi Zhang, Xu-Dong Cai, Mu-Huo Ji, Jian-Jun Yang, Gui-Quan Chen, Yi-Min Hu
Summary: Pen-2 is essential for neuronal survival in the adult cerebral cortex, and its loss results in astrocytosis, cortical atrophy, neuronal loss, as well as microgliosis and enhanced inflammatory responses in the cortex. The Notch signaling pathway does not appear to be involved in the neurodegeneration caused by the loss of Pen-2.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Rosalia Fernandez-Calle, Sabine C. Konings, Javier Frontinan-Rubio, Juan Garcia-Revilla, Lluis Camprubi-Ferrer, Martina Svensson, Isak Martinson, Antonio Boza-Serrano, Jose Luis Venero, Henrietta M. Nielsen, Gunnar K. Gouras, Tomas Deierborg
Summary: This article reviews the impact of the APOE genotype on late-onset Alzheimer's disease and central nervous system pathology, covering various factors influencing disease development, such as neuroinflammation, cell function, synaptic function, etc.
MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Carmen Laura Sayas, Jesus Avila
Summary: GSK-3 is a crucial player in AD pathology, contributing to the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein and involvement in various neuronal processes that are dysregulated during AD pathogenesis. Targeting GSK-3 or GSK-3-phosphorylated tau could hold potential for developing AD therapies.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Farid Ghorbaninezhad, Patrizia Leone, Hajar Alemohammad, Basira Najafzadeh, Niloufar Nourbakhsh, Marcella Prete, Eleonora Malerba, Hossein Saeedi, Neda Tabrizi, Vito Racanelli, Behzad Baradaran
Summary: This study reviews the dual role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as well as the efficacy and safety of anti-TNF-alpha therapies in SLE.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)