Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Christian Agatemor, Sasa Ama Dyese Middleton, Daniela Toledo
Summary: Cells utilize post-translational and post-transcription modifications as crucial mechanisms to maintain homeostasis and regulate gene transcription. Recent discoveries have shown that these modifications are more pervasive and important than previously thought.
TRENDS IN CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Julia Kraxner, Charlotta Lorenz, Julia Menzel, Iwan Parfentev, Ivan Silbern, Manuela Denz, Henning Urlaub, Blanche Schwappach, Sarah Koester
Summary: The mechanical properties of biological cells are influenced by the cytoskeleton, with phosphorylation serving as a fast mechanism for mechanical modulation. Phosphorylation can soften filaments, and the binding of 14-3-3 protein to phosphorylated filaments further enhances this effect, potentially preserving the softening and altering cell mechanics in the cell.
Review
Cell Biology
Linbin Zhou, Danny Siu-Chun Ng, Jason C. Yam, Li Jia Chen, Clement C. Tham, Chi Pui Pang, Wai Kit Chu
Summary: This review summarizes recent findings on the impact of post-translational modifications (PTMs) on the functions of retinoblastoma protein (pRb). PTMs on pRb play crucial roles in cell cycle regulation, cell survival, and differentiation, and altered PTMs can lead to anomalies in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Understanding the post-translational modulation of pRb could facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for various human diseases.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Ana Gonzalez-Garcia, Antonio Garrido, Ana C. Carrera
Summary: Genetic alterations in the PI3-kinase/PTEN pathway are common in cancer cells. Current efforts to treat PTEN-dependent tumors mainly focus on PI3-kinase inhibition, but modulating PTEN post-translational modifications could provide alternative therapeutic strategies.
Review
Immunology
Jiaqi Kang, Jie Wu, Qinjie Liu, Xiuwen Wu, Yun Zhao, Jianan Ren
Summary: This review discusses the importance of STING in immune responses and its role in disease pathogenesis when over-activated. The focus is on post-translational modifications that regulate the activation and inhibition of STING, and their potential as targeted therapies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ivana Samarzija
Summary: The specific functional form of a protein is mostly achieved through dynamic interactions of many enzymes in post-translational modifications, which cells widely use to respond to stimuli, regulate transcription, and maintain proteostasis. Post-translational modifications play important roles in driving prostate cancer, particularly in regulating protein activity at the level of post-translational modifications.
Review
Plant Sciences
Feng Yu, Ming Li, Dongli He, Pingfang Yang
Summary: Seed germination and seedling establishment are crucial developmental processes that undergo complex physiological changes, precisely regulated at transcriptional and translational levels. Phytohormones like ABA and GA play key roles in modulating this process, while proteins such as ABI5 and DELLA are central in seed germination. Post-translational modifications, particularly phosphorylation and ubiquitination, are shown to be decisive in regulating seed germination.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Yanqing Li, Runfang Zhang, Hu Hei
Summary: Protein post-translational modification (PTM) is a regulatory mechanism that involves adding or removing specific chemical groups on amino acid residues to modulate protein activity, localization, expression, and interactions. It plays a vital role in important biological processes and the occurrence and development of diseases, as well as in tumor immunotherapy. This review comprehensively summarizes the role of several types of PTMs in tumor immunotherapy and provides new insights and future research directions.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
You-Wei Wang, Jia-Chen Zuo, Chong Chen, Xiao-Hong Li
Summary: Post-translational modifications (PTMs) covalently attach functional groups to proteins, leading to structural and functional changes. PTMs play a significant role in regulating liver cancer development and the immune response against cancer. Immunotherapies that harness the immune system's potential have shown promise in improving cancer patient prognosis and survival. This review provides a comprehensive summary of key PTMs and their potential targets to enhance immunotherapies against liver cancer.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Chunhua Yang, Mengna Wei, Yanpu Zhao, Zhanyi Yang, Mengyao Song, Jia Mi, Xiaoyong Yang, Geng Tian
Summary: Post-translational modifications (PTMs) in pancreatic beta cells play crucial roles in insulin secretion and have significant implications for diabetes mellitus development. This article summarizes the major PTMs occurring in beta cells and their impact on insulin secretion, providing valuable insights into the understanding of insulin secretion mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for diabetes from the perspective of protein PTMs.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yifat Geffen, Shankara Anand, Yo Akiyama, Tomer M. Yaron, Yizhe Song, Jared L. Johnson, Akshay Govindan, Ozgun Babur, Yize Li, Emily Huntsman, Liang-Bo Wang, Chet Birger, David I. Heiman, Qing Zhang, Mendy Miller, Yosef E. Maruvka, Nicholas J. Haradhvala, Anna Calinawan, Saveliy Belkin, Alexander Kerelsky, Karl R. Clauser, Karsten Krug, Shankha Satpathy, Samuel H. Payne, D. R. Mani, Michael A. Gillette, Saravana M. Dhanasekaran, Mathangi Thiagarajan, Mehdi Mesri, Henry Rodriguez, Ana I. Robles, Steven A. Carr, Alexander J. Lazar, Francois Aguet, Lewis C. Cantley, Li Ding, Gad Getz
Summary: This study analyzed PTM data from 1,110 patients across 11 cancer types and revealed patterns of protein acetylation and phosphorylation changes related to cancer processes. The study identified subsets of tumors from different cancer types and highlighted potential therapeutic targets.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Juan Facundo Chrestia, Ornella Turani, Noelia Rodriguez Araujo, Guillermina Hernando, Maria del Carmen Esandi, Cecilia Bouzat
Summary: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system and play crucial roles in vital physiological processes. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been shown to regulate different aspects of nAChR life cycle, but our knowledge in this field is still limited and many important aspects remain unknown.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ji Min Lee, Henrik M. Hammaren, Mikhail M. Savitski, Sung Hee Baek
Summary: Post-translational modifications (PTMs) on specific amino acids control the stability of target proteins. These PTM-regulated degrons act as signals for protein degradation or stabilization. This review summarizes the current knowledge of PTM-mediated protein stability regulation to enhance the identification of novel drug targets.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Catherine Gough, Ari Sadanandom
Summary: Plants have evolved complex defence signalling networks to combat pathogen attacks, with post-translational modifications playing a crucial role in plant immunity. Manipulating defence-related PTMs has the potential to produce disease-resistant crops without compromising growth and fitness.
Article
Cell Biology
David Bradley
Summary: Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are chemical modifications that regulate protein activity and function, and represent a fast mechanism for generating phenotypic diversity and divergence. Despite advances in mass spectrometry for identifying PTM classes, little is known about the selective constraints governing PTM evolution.
CURRENT OPINION IN GENETICS & DEVELOPMENT
(2022)