Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
B. Dinesh, J. Livesay, I. B. Ignatius, R. Narayanan
Summary: This article reviews two types of resonance-derived interfacial instability, with a focus on the effect of side walls on interfacial mode discretization. The first type is mechanical Faraday instability, and the second is electrostatic Faraday instability. Both resonances are discussed for single-frequency forcing. In the case of mechanical resonance, inviscid theory can predict the expected modal forms when viscosity is considered, and experiments validate the theory. The article also examines electrostatic resonant instability, which leads to a specific mode resembling Rayleigh Taylor instability, and experiments show good agreement with theoretical predictions. An important distinction between the two resonances is the gradual rise in negative detuning instability observed in mechanical Faraday's case, compared to the sharp rise in the case of electrostatic resonance.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
X. Shao, P. Wilson, J. R. Saylor, J. B. Bostwick
Summary: This study analyzed the dynamics of surface waves excited by mechanical vibration in a cylindrical container, finding that control of the meniscus geometry had a significant effect on the generation and mixing of edge waves and Faraday waves. Theoretical predictions using the Rayleigh-Ritz procedure were in excellent agreement with experimental results.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Serafino Cicerone
Summary: The article focuses on addressing the issue of symmetry breaking in Pattern Formation problems with autonomous mobile robots moving in a discretization of the plane. The algorithm Abreak is proposed to efficiently handle the Symmetry Breaking problem on square and triangular grids, and can be used as a module for solving more general problems. Furthermore, a complete characterization of the Line Formation problem on different topologies is provided, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mojca Vilfan, Borut Lampret, Ziga Gregorin, Luka Cmok, Andrej Vilfan, Juergen Klepp, Joachim Kohlbrecher, Patricija Hribar Bostjancic, Darja Lisjak, Alenka Mertelj
Summary: The authors report on the experimental observation of spontaneous stripe formation in a ferromagnetic ferrofluid in the presence of an oscillating external magnetic field. The striped structure is identified as elongated magnetic domains, which exhibit reorientation upon reversal of the magnetic field. The stripes are oriented perpendicular to the magnetic field and are separated by alternating flow lanes.
Article
Biology
Xiaoliang Wang, Andrew Harrison
Summary: Elements within biological systems interact and self-organize to form structured patterns. Local self-activation and lateral inhibition mechanism are believed to be main causes for biological pattern formation. Spontaneous symmetry breaking can be driven within expanding and non-expanding cell populations, leading to structured gene patterns formation.
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Antoine Dop, Valerie Vidal, Nicolas Taberlet
Summary: In this study, we report an instability of a slider dragged slowly at the surface of a granular bed in a quasistatic regime. The instability is characterized by a regular pattern of peaks and troughs that spontaneously emerges as the slider travels forward. It is found that the wavelength and amplitude of the pattern scale with the length of the slider, and the shape of the slider significantly influences both the wavelength and the amplitude.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
R. L. P. G. Amaral, V. E. R. Lemes, O. S. Ventura, L. C. Q. Vilar
Summary: After the phase transition of a grand unified theory, the couplings of the basic interactions split from the single coupling. In the symmetric phase, the couplings associated with SU(2) and U(1) symmetries were already distinct before the electroweak breaking, as determined by the measurement of the Weinberg mixing angle. Each independent coupling should be associated with independent cocycles defined on a cohomological basis from the perspective of BRST symmetry.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Harshvardhan Jog, Luminita Harnagea, Dibyata Rout, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, Eugene J. Mele, Ritesh Agarwal
Summary: We investigate the symmetries of 1T-TiSe2 and observe that the ground state of the CDW phase is achiral, but it can be transformed into a non-equilibrium chiral phase under high-intensity laser excitation, altering the electronic correlations in the material. The photogalvanic technique demonstrates the sensitivity to structural symmetries and provides evidence of different optically driven phases in 1T-TiSe2.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mei Mei, Claude Le Men, Karine Loubiere, Gilles Hebrard, Nicolas Dietrich
Summary: This study investigates the dynamics of bubble formation at a cross-junction in a straight milli-channel. The filling and squeezing stages of the bubble formation process are studied, and their frequencies are compared under various conditions. It is observed that the filling and squeezing frequencies are mainly controlled by the gas and liquid superficial velocities, respectively. The bubble formation frequencies are related to the gas-liquid superficial velocity ratios, liquid superficial velocities, and bubble length. The study also identifies two patterns of bubble formation depending on whether the pinch-off occurs inside the cross-junction or not.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Palas Roy, Giovanni Bressan, Jacob Gretton, Andrew N. Cammidge, Stephen R. Meech
Summary: This study reports the solvent polarity-dependent ultrafast excited state dynamics of mu-OSubPc(2), demonstrating that charge separation occurs under the control of solvent orientational relaxation in polar solvents.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mohamed Alaasar, Ahmed F. Darweesh, Xiaoqian Cai, Feng Liu, Carsten Tschierske
Summary: This study presents the design and molecular self-assembly of two series of rod-like achiral polycatenar molecules, leading to wide temperature ranges and the formation of helical self-assembly networks in liquid crystalline materials. The spontaneous emergence of mirror symmetry breaking in achiral molecules was observed upon alkylthio chain elongation.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
K. Laurent, L. La Ragione, James T. Jenkins, Gregory P. Bewley
Summary: This study investigates the influence of fluid oscillations on fluid flow over a fluid-saturated and porous sediment bed, revealing the formation of bedforms due to pressure gradients that lead to granular creep and the development of a granular ratchet. The resulting heap exhibits a constant characteristic width and its height evolves approximately as the square root of time.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ajuan Song, Sijia Zhao, Yijun Cao, Chao Li
Summary: This study investigates the effect of oscillatory air flow on bubble size in a porous sparger. The results show that hydrophilic plates significantly reduce bubble size, while hydrophobic plates have no impact. The influence of oscillatory air flow on bubble size decreases with increasing chamber volume.
Article
Physics, Mathematical
Linda Albanese, Francesco Alemanno, Andrea Alessandrelli, Adriano Barra
Summary: Understanding the glassy nature of neural networks is crucial for advancements in Machine Learning and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence. This paper focuses on dense associative Hebbian neural networks and develops mathematical approaches to address the phenomenon of replica symmetry breaking, allowing for a deeper insight into the glassiness they exhibit. The findings reveal a significant diversity in the underlying glassiness of these networks, particularly in comparison to traditional pairwise Hopfield models.
JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Dagmar Iber, Malte Mederacke
Summary: This article reviews the molecular regulatory interactions and discusses possible patterning mechanisms of the trachea, aiming to understand the molecular mechanism of trachea formation. This research is of great significance for biomedical interventions and tissue engineering.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Mathias J. C. Deleau, Paul R. White, Graeme Peirson, Timothy G. Leighton, Paul S. Kemp
FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Acoustics
Weng Yee Chong, Christian Cox, Thomas J. Secker, Charles W. Keevil, Timothy G. Leighton
Summary: The study found that using ultrasonically activated stream (UAS) to clean bacterial contamination from hay can effectively remove bacteria without the use of antimicrobial agents, potentially preventing infection and reducing antimicrobial resistance.
ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Anita Flohr, Allison Schaap, Eric P. Achterberg, Guttorm Alendal, Martin Arundell, Christian Berndt, Jerry Blackford, Christoph Boettner, Sergey M. Borisov, Robin Brown, Jonathan M. Bull, Liam Carter, Baixin Chen, Andrew W. Dale, Dirk de Beer, Marcella Dean, Christian Deusner, Marius Dewar, Jennifer M. Durden, Saskia Elsen, Mario Esposito, Michael Faggetter, Jan P. Fischer, Amine Gana, Jonas Gros, Matthias Haeckel, Rudolf Hanz, Moritz Holtappels, Brett Hosking, Veerle A. I. Huvenne, Rachael H. James, Dirk Koopmans, Elke Kossel, Timothy G. Leighton, Jianghui Li, Anna Lichtschlag, Peter Linke, Socratis Loucaides, Maria Martinez-Cabanas, Juerg M. Matter, Thomas Mesher, Samuel Monk, Matthew Mowlem, Anna Oleynik, Stathys Papadimitriou, David Paxton, Christopher R. Pearce, Kate Peel, Ben Roche, Henry A. Ruhl, Umer Saleem, Carla Sands, Kevin Saw, Mark Schmidt, Stefan Sommer, James A. Strong, Jack Triest, Birgit Ungerboeck, John Walk, Paul White, Steve Widdicombe, Robert Euan Wilson, Hannah Wright, James Wyatt, Douglas Connelly
Summary: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a key technology for reducing CO2 emissions in industrial processes, and robust strategies for CO2 leakage detection, quantification, and management are crucial for safe geological CO2 storage. The STEMM-CCS project conducted a controlled CO2 release experiment in the North Sea to mimic unintended CO2 emissions from subsurface storage sites. Various techniques were used to detect, characterize, and quantify gaseous and dissolved CO2 in sediments and seawater.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL
(2021)
Article
Acoustics
Weng Yee Chong, Thomas J. Secker, Craig N. Dolder, Charles W. Keevil, Timothy G. Leighton
Summary: This study found that ultrasonically activated stream effectively removed microbial contaminants from spinach leaves, with samples cleaned for 2 minutes showing significantly lower microbial loads compared to untreated samples. A cleaning duration of 2 minutes allowed sufficient time for ultrasound to more effectively disaggregate and detach microbial contamination.
ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Helen A. L. Currie, Paul R. White, Timothy G. Leighton, Paul S. Kemp
Summary: Anthropogenic noise can influence the social dynamics and spatial distribution within fish groups, with low frequency sinewave tones having the most significant impact on group behavior.
BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jianghui Li, Paul R. White, Jonathan M. Bull, Timothy G. Leighton, Ben Roche, John W. Davis
Summary: Passive acoustics is identified as an important strategy for determining underwater gas flux, and this study uses beamforming methods to enhance Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and improve gas bubble localization. An adaptive beamformer, specifically the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer, is employed to achieve high levels of noise reduction. Experimental results using a hydrophone array show that the adaptive beamformer outperforms conventional methods in underwater bubble localization, with further improvement seen when using a pair of hydrophone arrays.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jianghui Li, Paul R. White, Ben Roche, Jonathan M. Bull, Timothy G. Leighton, John W. Davis, Joseph W. Fone
Summary: Passive acoustic techniques can be used to detect underwater gas release. The proposed adaptive single bubble identification technique improves signal-to-noise ratio and reduces false alarms. Demonstrations in the North Sea show accurate bubble identification and estimation of gas flux with acoustics.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ben Roche, Jonathan M. Bull, Hector Marin-Moreno, Timothy G. Leighton, Ismael H. Falcon-Suarez, Madeleine Tholen, Paul R. White, Giuseppe Provenzano, Anna Lichtschlag, Jianghui Li, Michael Faggetter
Summary: By using high-resolution seismic reflection surveys, this study provides insights into the process of CO2 gas release into shallow subsurface sediments and proposes a four-stage model of gas migration evolution.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL
(2021)
Article
Acoustics
Timothy G. Leighton, Hakan Dogan, Paul Fox, Agni Mantouka, Angus Best, Gary B. R. Robb, Paul R. White
Summary: The need to predict acoustic propagation through marine sediments containing gas bubbles has become increasingly important. In this study, in situ acoustical experiments were conducted to improve understanding of acoustic remote sensing of gassy sediments.
JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Acoustics
Nicholas Flores Martin, Timothy G. Leighton, Paul R. White, Paul S. Kemp
Summary: The study revealed that bubble curtains with a higher proportion of resonant bubbles were relatively better at deterring carp, and passage rejection was likely influenced by the rate of change in particle motion and flow velocity caused by rising bubbles. All acoustic bubble curtains were less effective in the presence of daylight, indicating the important role of vision in mediating carp reactions.
JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Dermatology
Thomas J. Secker, Christopher C. Harling, Chloe Hand, David Voegeli, Charles W. Keevil, Timothy G. Leighton
Summary: This study investigates a device that uses acoustically activated microscopic air bubbles to remove bacterial biofilm from wounds. The results show that the device efficiently removes biofilm without damaging human tissue, suggesting its potential for improving wound healing.
INTERNATIONAL WOUND JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Acoustics
Ben Roche, Paul R. White, Jonathan M. Bull, Timothy G. Leighton, Jianghui Li, Colin Christie, Joseph Fone
Summary: Passive acoustic inversion techniques show promise in monitoring natural marine seeps and anthropogenic emissions. These techniques improve precision in measuring gas flux, especially demonstrated in quantifying flux from a volcanic CO2 seep with a 78% increase in precision.
JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
D. P. Connelly, J. M. Bull, A. Flohr, A. Schaap, D. Koopmans, J. C. Blackford, P. R. White, R. H. James, C. Pearce, A. Lichtschlag, E. P. Achterberg, D. de Beer, B. Roche, J. Li, K. Saw, G. Alendal, H. Avlesen, R. Brown, S. M. Borisov, C. Bottner, P. W. Cazenave, B. Chen, A. W. Dale, M. Dean, M. Dewar, M. Esposito, J. Gros, R. Hanz, M. Haeckel, B. Hosking, V. Huvenne, J. Karstens, T. Le Bas, T. G. Leighton, P. Linke, S. Loucaides, J. M. Matter, S. Monk, M. C. Mowlem, A. Oleynik, A. M. Omar, K. Peel, G. Provenzano, U. Saleem, M. Schmidt, B. Schramm, S. Sommer, J. Strong, I. Falcon Suarez, B. Ungerboeck, S. Widdicombe, H. Wright, E. Yakushev
Summary: This study conducted a controlled release of CO2 in sediments at 120 m water depth to simulate a leak and test novel detection and quantification methods. The results showed that even at a very low release rate, CO2 can be detected in sediments and in the water column, and the fluxes of dissolved and gaseous CO2 can be quantified.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
D. R. Andrews, N. K. Bourne, E. N. Brown, J. P. Dear, P. Dickson, C. J. Freeman, S. G. Goveas, G. T. Gray, H. Hauser, J. M. Huntley, I. M. Hutchings, T. G. Leighton, M. J. Matthewson, M. Meyers, P. J. Rae, C. R. Siviour, M. Swain, D. Townsend, S. van der Zwaag, S. M. Walley, D. M. Williamson
Summary: Professor John Edwin Field, a leader in high-strain rate physics and explosives, made significant contributions to our understanding of dynamic effects in materials. His work at the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University was globally recognized, impacting both research and education in the field. Field's guidance has been instrumental in the success of numerous Ph.D. students and collaborators, who attribute their achievements to his excellent research and teaching.
JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Acoustics
Timothy G. Leighton, Hakan Dogan, Paul Fox, Agni Mantouka, Angus I. Best, Gary B. R. Robb, Paul R. White
Summary: The study conducted two experiments to investigate acoustic propagation through marine sediments containing gas bubbles, indicating the presence of in situ gas bubbles in intertidal sediments suitable for estimating bubble populations needed for future acoustical remote sensing applications.
JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2021)