Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Popat Kumbhar, Kapil Kole, Tejashree Yadav, Ashwini Bhavar, Pramod Waghmare, Rajdeep Bhokare, Arehalli Manjappa, Niraj Kumar Jha, Dinesh Kumar Chellappan, Sunita Shinde, Sachin Kumar Singh, Kamal Dua, Ahmad Salawi, John Disouza, Vandana Patravale
Summary: Skin cancer is a common form of cancer, and its treatment with chemotherapy has limitations. Drug repurposing, using previously approved drugs for the treatment of other diseases like cancer, offers a promising approach with advantages in time and cost.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Anesthesiology
Emily H. Garmon, Kandice Olson
Summary: The overprescribing of opioids has led to a national focus on alternative pain treatments. Kratom, a legal and easily accessible nonprescription analgesic, has gained popularity as an option for self-medication for pain and other mental health conditions. However, there is a lack of information regarding the implications of kratom use in perioperative settings.
ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Margot De Marco, Antonia Falco, Roberta Laccarino, Antonio Raffone, Antonio Mono, Maurizio Guida, Alessandra Rosati, Massimiliano Chetta, Giovanni Genovese, Francesco De Caro, Mario Capunzo, Maria Caterina Turco, Vladimir N. Uversky, Liberato Marzullo
Summary: BAG3, a multidomain protein, plays a role in cellular processes such as apoptosis, autophagy, and cytoskeletal dynamics. It has been reported to promote cell survival and resistance to therapy in certain tumors, and its expression is associated with ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancers. Additionally, the interaction of BAG3 with human papillomavirus proteins may contribute to our understanding of virus-induced oncogenesis.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Umme Hani, Riyaz Ali M. Osmani, Sabina Yasmin, B. H. Jaswanth Gowda, Hissana Ather, Mohammad Yousuf Ansari, Ayesha Siddiqua, Mohammed Ghazwani, Adel Al Fatease, Ali H. Alamri, Mohamed Rahamathulla, M. Yasmin Begum, Shadma Wahab
Summary: This paper discusses the application of nanotechnology in stomach cancer treatment, focusing on the latest advancements and ongoing research in nanotechnology-based drug delivery. By improving drug absorption, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy, nanotechnology enables more precise and effective treatment.
Article
Ecology
Giacomo Puglielli, Carlos P. Carmona, Laura Varone, Lauri Laanisto, Carlo Ricotta
Summary: In trait-based ecology, it is common to use measures to quantify phenotypic variation between populations. However, these measures overlook the within-population trait variability and some of them cannot be partitioned between populations. This study proposes a new measure called the phenotypic dissimilarity (PhD) index to address these issues and provide a tool for quantifying phenotypic variation within and between species.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mahendra Rai, Magdalena Wypij, Avinash P. Ingle, Joanna Trzcinska-Wencel, Patrycja Golinska
Summary: Pullulan, an important biodegradable polymer, plays a key role in combating multidrug-resistant pathogens. It possesses various activities against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and tumor cells, can synthesize biogenic silver nanoparticles, and is used in wound healing, food packaging, etc., serving as a natural alternative solution.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Nejla Cini, Ferah Calisir
Summary: Recent advances in the design of nanosized drug delivery systems (NDDS) using layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembled therapeutic vehicles have provided new possibilities. The LbL method offers a cost-effective and easy-to-apply strategy for loading individual or multiple drugs. Microcapsules and core-shell structures formed by highly charged particles (polyelectrolyte multilayers; PEMs) have been proposed as versatile vehicles for NDDS. This review provides an overview of LbL-PEMs in NDDS, focusing on emerging drug loading and release strategies in the last five years.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arnela Saljic, Jordi Heijman, Dobromir Dobrev
Summary: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia globally and its mechanisms differ among different patient subgroups. Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying AF has increased significantly in recent years, but current antiarrhythmic drugs have not been developed specifically for AF. The development of novel antiarrhythmic agents and targeting key players in AF mechanisms provides opportunities for more effective therapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kuikun Yang, Zhiqing Yang, Guocan Yu, Zhihong Nie, Ruibing Wang, Xiaoyuan Chen
Summary: Nanomedicines, particularly polyprodrug nanomedicines, show promise in cancer therapies due to well-controlled composition and drug loading, presenting significant potential for combating tumors.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xiao Zhang, Yue Chen, Dongli Sun, Xiaojun Zhu, Xia Ying, Yao Yao, Weidong Fei, Caihong Zheng
Summary: The review summarizes potential strategies for pharmacological interventions in pre-eclamptic therapy, including the pathophysiological process and the application of nanotechnologies. Further exploration of pathological mechanisms, combined with the P-T-D strategy and novel nanosystems, could encourage more effective and safer treatment strategies.
EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yanping Wang, Yanfeng Gao, Yongchun Pan, Dongtao Zhou, Yuta Liu, Yi Yin, Jingjing Yang, Yuzhen Wang, Yujun Song
Summary: New drug discovery is facing increasing pressure from various domains, particularly the pharmaceutical industry and healthcare services. Preclinical assessment of drug efficacy and safety is crucial for reducing costs and time in drug development. Organ-on-a-chip, an in vitro model that mimics human organ functions, provides a potential alternative to animal models for efficient preclinical screening of drug candidates. This review provides insights into the design, advances, challenges, and future prospects of organ-on-a-chip in drug screening, highlighting its potential for drug development, therapeutic innovation, and precision medicine.
ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Dominik Buschmann, Veronika Mussack, James Brian Byrd
Summary: EVs are membrane nanovesicles secreted from living cells which have potential therapeutic activity and are being explored as drug delivery vehicles in preclinical investigations and early clinical trials. However, progress in EV-based drug delivery is hindered by heterogeneity of sample types and methods, as well as a persistent lack of standardization, validation, and comprehensive reporting.
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Naoki Oshimori, Yifei Guo, Sachiko Taniguchi
Summary: The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in tumor progression and therapy resistance, showing significant heterogeneity with specific subpopulations correlated with clinical outcomes.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Stefania Angela Di Fusco, Marcello Arca, Pietro Scicchitano, Alessandro Alonzo, Francesco Perone, Michele Massimo Gulizia, Domenico Gabrielli, Fabrizio Oliva, Giuseppe Imperoli, Furio Colivicchi
Summary: This review discusses the role of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) as a risk factor and therapeutic target for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Available lipid-lowering agents have limited impact on Lp(a) levels, but proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors are the most effective in reducing Lp(a). Measurement of Lp(a) levels poses challenges, but it is recommended in specific clinical settings to refine cardiovascular risk and guide treatment.
Article
Ophthalmology
Yingjia Yang, Alastair Lockwood
Summary: The eye is a complex organ with multiple barriers that restrict drug delivery, leading to low bioavailability of commercially available ophthalmic drugs. This paper reviews the mechanisms that impede drug delivery on the ocular surface and discusses methods and novel technologies to improve bioavailability.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Innocent G. Asiimwe, Sudeep P. Pushpakom, Richard M. Turner, Ruwanthi Kolamunnage-Dona, Andrea L. Jorgensen, Munir Pirmohamed
Summary: The latest randomized controlled trials provide moderate to high-certainty evidence that cardiovascular drugs, such as ACEIs/ARBs, are not associated with poor COVID-19 outcomes. Therefore, these drugs should not be discontinued unless they are not needed for currently approved therapeutic indications.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Richard M. Turner, Emma F. Magavern, Munir Pirmohamed
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Elpida Kontsioti, Simon Maskell, Amina Bensalem, Bhaskar Dutta, Munir Pirmohamed
Summary: This study aimed to explore the agreement levels of drug-drug interaction information in three major online drug information resources. There was considerable variation in DDIs included in the examined DIRs, along with variability in severity categorisation and clinical advice given. DDIs labelled as critical were more likely to appear in multiple DIRs. Such variability in information could have deleterious consequences for patient safety, highlighting the need for harmonisation and standardisation.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Rebecca Kuruvilla, Kathryn Scott, Sir Munir Pirmohamed
IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elpida Kontsioti, Simon Maskell, Bhaskar Dutta, Munir Pirmohamed
Summary: The accurate and timely detection of adverse drug-drug interactions (DDIs) during the postmarketing phase is important. This study proposes a scalable approach for generating a reference set for DDIs by automatically extracting and aggregating information from multiple clinical resources, supporting research in postmarketing safety surveillance.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Roseann S. Gammal, Munir Pirmohamed, Andrew A. Somogyi, Sarah A. Morris, Christine M. Formea, Amanda L. Elchynski, Kazeem A. Oshikoya, Howard L. McLeod, Cyrine E. Haidar, Michelle Whirl-Carrillo, Teri E. Klein, Kelly E. Caudle, Mary Relling
Summary: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is associated with the development of acute hemolytic anemia in the presence of oxidative stress. This guideline provides information on using G6PD genotype for diagnosing G6PD deficiency and categorizes medications based on their risk level in individuals with G6PD deficiency. High-risk medications should be avoided, medium-risk medications should be used with caution, and low-risk medications can be used without considering the G6PD phenotype.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Muhammed Shiraz Moosa, Giusy Russomanno, Jeffrey R. Dorfman, Hannah Gunter, Chandni Patel, Eithne Costello, Dan Carr, Gary Maartens, Munir Pirmohamed, Christopher Goldring, Karen Cohen
Summary: This study investigated the concentrations of miR-122 in participants with antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (AT-DILI) and its correlation with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations. The study found that miR-122 concentrations in AT-DILI patients were significantly higher than those in healthy volunteers and in patients on antituberculosis therapy without liver injury, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) had no effect on miR-122 concentrations.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tjeerd Pieter van Staa, Munir Pirmohamed, Anita Sharma, Iain Buchan, Darren M. Ashcroft
Summary: This study evaluated drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between antibiotics and nonantibiotic drugs listed with warnings of severe outcomes in the British National Formulary. The results showed no substantial risk of DDIs despite the warnings in the national formulary.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Munir Pirmohamed
Summary: In this Review, the current state of the pharmacogenomics field is discussed, along with clinically relevant drug-gene associations and the steps required for implementing pharmacogenomics into clinical practice. The role of pharmacogenomics in drug discovery and development is also considered. The variability in drug response between individuals, which can be attributed to genomic factors, is a global concern. Despite the availability and decreasing cost of genotyping technologies, challenges in implementing pharmacogenomics lie in adapting current clinical pathways and addressing the knowledge gap in healthcare professionals. Furthermore, pharmacogenomics shows promise in enhancing drug discovery and development outcomes.
NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Elpida Kontsioti, Simon Maskell, Munir Pirmohamed
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of multiple design criteria for reference sets used to assess the performance of signal detection algorithms for drug-drug interactions. Custom-made reference sets of different sizes were generated based on various design criteria. The performance metrics of three algorithms were assessed using FDA Adverse Event Reporting System data, and the results showed that the composition of reference sets significantly impacted the evaluation metrics.
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Eve Braithwaite, Oliver M. Todd, Abigail Atkin, Rachel Hulatt, Ragy Tadrous, David P. Alldred, Munir Pirmohamed, Lauren Walker, Rebecca Lawton, Andrew Clegg
Summary: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to examine interventions aimed at reducing anticholinergic burden in older adults. The results showed no significant difference in outcomes between control and intervention group for falls, cognition, anticholinergic burden, or quality of life. Short follow-up time and lack of training and support surrounding successful deprescribing may have contributed to these results.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Victoria Rollinson, Neil French, Richard Turner, Munir Pirmohamed
Summary: This study aimed to assess the current educational status of pharmacogenomics within the UK pharmacy profession and identify future educational and infrastructure needs of pharmacists. A survey was conducted among practicing pharmacists, preregistration pharmacists, and MPharm students. The findings indicate the need for further education and the development of PGx guidelines to prepare the pharmacy workforce for PGx implementation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Tjeerd Pieter van Staa, Munir Pirmohamed, Anita Sharma, Darren M. M. Ashcroft, Iain Buchan
Summary: This study aims to assess the relationship between medication classes and adverse drug reactions (ADR) and emergency hospital admission. Through big data analysis, it was found that certain medication classes have a higher risk of ADR-related hospitalization. Therefore, there is a need for regular systematic assessment of the harm-benefit ratio of medicines.
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sylvia Hartmann, Summaira Yasmeen, Benjamin M. Jacobs, Spiros Denaxas, Munir Pirmohamed, Eric R. Gamazon, Mark J. Caulfield, Harry Hemingway, Maik Pietzner, Claudia Langenberg
Summary: The study identified three novel genomic regions related to Raynaud's phenomenon risk, prioritized candidate causal genes, and revealed a likely detrimental effect of low fasting glucose levels on RP risk. The research also highlighted opportunities for drug repurposing and provided robust evidence for a strong genetic contribution to RP.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Brian Ho, Andrew Thompson, Andrea L. Jorgensen, Munir Pirmohamed
Summary: This study assessed the utility of the fatty liver index (FLI) for risk stratification of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated comorbidities. The results showed that FLI can effectively identify the risk of NAFLD and related comorbidities, including cardiovascular metabolic diseases and malignant tumors, and is closely associated with all-cause mortality risk.