Article
Energy & Fuels
Jianbo Zhou, Rui Zhang, Wenxiong Xi, Weidong Zhao
Summary: The study focused on exploring alternative fuels for diesel engines to promote environmental sustainability. By using chemical reaction kinetics and simulation software, the combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with hydrogenated biodiesel and ethanol were studied. The results showed that the combustion reactions were promoted with an increase in the proportion of ester alcohol diesel mixture, leading to improved cylinder pressure and reduced soot emissions compared to diesel.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Yang Hua
Summary: This review comprehensively summarizes the research progress of higher linear alcohols and aromatic alcohols as alternative fuels for IC engines. It discusses the effects of mixing higher alcohols with other fuels, such as diesel and biodiesel, on engine performance, combustion, and emissions. It also explores methods to improve the performance of higher-alcohol engines through the addition of cetane number improvers, adjusting EGR rate, and injection strategy. Higher alcohols have shown significant advantages in reducing PM emissions and improving NOxPM trade-off, but they may increase BSFC. They also exhibit more significant advantages in improving biodiesel performance and emissions compared to lower alcohols.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Juanling Wang, Hanzheng Sun, Sandhanasamy Devanesan, Mohamad S. Alsahi, A. Anderson, Freedon Daniel, T. R. Praveenkumar
Summary: In this study, safflower oil, CeO2 nanoparticles, and hydrogen blends were tested in a direct ignition engine of road and bridge machinery. The results showed that the addition of nanoparticles and hydrogen improved the engine performance, reducing fuel consumption while increasing power, torque, and thermal efficiency. Furthermore, the enriched biodiesel with nanoparticles and hydrogen also reduced CO and CO2 emissions compared to pure diesel, although there was a slight increase in NOx emissions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Phuong X. Pham, Nam V. T. Pham, Thin V. Pham, Vu H. Nguyen, Kien T. Nguyen
Summary: The slower evaporation rate of biodiesels leads to longer physical ignition delay, while the faster chemical reaction rates result in shorter chemical ignition delay, thus overall ignition delay is shorter.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhaowen Wang, Xiaojie Li, Lin Xiang, Yuhan Huang, Bing Lang, Xiaobei Cheng, Jie Zhang
Summary: This study compares the spray combustion characteristics of neat diesel, neat RP-3 and RP-3/diesel blends under different conditions. The results show that the blending ratio of RP-3 has significant effects on the spray and combustion processes. RP-3/diesel blends exhibit faster evaporation and lower soot emissions than neat diesel and RP-3 alone.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Korosh Mahmodi, Mostafa Mostafaei, Esmaeil Mirzaee-Ghaleh
Summary: This study used an electronic nose, artificial neural network, and response surface method to analyze various biodiesel and petroleum diesel blended fuels. The results showed that the artificial neural network method achieved a 100% accuracy in classifying and discriminating pure biodiesel fuels, while the response surface method had an accuracy of 92.4%. The artificial neural network method also demonstrated high accuracy in identifying and classifying different blended fuels, with accuracies ranging from 96.5% to 100%.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuwei Zhao, Ting Li, Tianlin Niu, Wenxiu Zheng, Yijing Xie, E. Weibo
Summary: This study investigates the performance and emissions of a diesel engine fueled by coal-based diesel fuels and their blends with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODEn). The results showed that the coal-based diesel blends had slightly lower output torques and powers compared to petroleum diesel fuel. The addition of PODEn improved emission characteristics but reduced the engine power and torque.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jose V. Pastor, Antonio Garcia, Carlos Mico, Felipe Lewiski
Summary: Blending OME X with diesel can help overcome some limitations of OME X while maintaining low soot formation trends. The flame light intensity scales with diesel fraction up to 30% in the blend, and spectroscopy analysis shows nearly zero soot formation for OME X fuel.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Haiyan Chen, Zhongjie Shi, Yue Wu, Yikai Li, Dongfang Wang
Summary: This paper investigates the effect of injection pressure on the two-stage ignition process of fuel spray under cold-start conditions and establishes an analytical model accordingly. The experimental results show that increasing injection pressure leads to a decrease in low-temperature ignition delay time and an increase in cool flame propagation time, resulting in a non-monotonic trend for high-temperature ignition delay.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Matteo Parravicini, Christophe Barro, Konstantinos Boulouchos
Summary: The study experimented with eight fuels, finding that all alternative fuels improved emissions of soot and NOx. Oxygenated fuels mixed faster with air, while the behavior of paraffinic fuels depended on molecular length.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Brian Gainey, Ziming Yan, John Gandolfo, Benjamin Lawler
Summary: As the world seeks to reduce fossil fuel usage, the transportation sector is undergoing changes, with alternative fuels potentially advancing at a faster rate than alternative powertrains. Alcohol fuels, such as methanol and ethanol, show great potential as renewable fuels for internal combustion engines, with similar performance to gasoline.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mohammed El-Adawy
Summary: To enhance the performance and combustion attributes of a diesel engine, this study utilizes different blends of diesel, second generation biodiesel, and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. The addition of ZnO compensates for the poor combustion characteristic of biodiesel, leading to improved engine torque and reduced fuel consumption. The inclusion of ZnO also enhances the engine heat release rate, ignition delay period, and in-cylinder pressure.
ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lucian Miron, Radu Chiriac, Marek Brabec, Viorel Badescu
Summary: Ignition delay is crucial in characterizing combustion process in Diesel engines, depending on fuel structure, engine conditions, and influence on performance. Biofuels like biodiesel B7 and B20 are of interest due to depletion of petroleum resources, with studies comparing their ignition delay to improve combustion control.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Velmurugan Kulanthaivel, Arunprasad Jayaraman, Thirugnanasambantham Rajamanickam, Sugumar Selvam
Summary: Green biofuels like ethanol and biodiesel are being considered as potential solutions to reduce pollutant emissions and decrease society's reliance on fossil fuels. Experimental evaluations on ternary blends of diesel, biodiesel, and ethanol in a diesel engine show improvements in engine performance, optimization of fuel injection timing, and effects of ethanol on combustion delay. Specific conditions of rotation, torque, and fuel injection moments are considered to determine the effects of different ethanol proportions on efficiency in the engine supplied with blends.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yuhan Huang, Nic C. Surawski, Yuan Zhuang, John L. Zhou, Guang Hong
Summary: Dual injection engines, using renewable fuels such as ethanol, methanol and hydrogen, have advantages including greater control flexibility, knock mitigation, engine downsizing, extended lean-burn limits, higher thermal efficiency and reductions of several emission species. Each renewable fuel targets different advantages of dual injection, with alcohol-gasoline dual injection providing anti-knock ability and hydrogen-gasoline dual injection extending lean-burn limits. Dual injection generally demonstrates higher thermal efficiency than single injection and effectively reduces particulate emissions.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Khaiyom Hakimov, Yang Li, S. Mani Sarathy, Jihad Badra, Emre Cenker, Aamir Farooq
Summary: Ignition delay times (IDTs) of iso-octane/air mixture were measured at different conditions. The study found that IDTs were longer at lower equivalence ratio and shorter at higher pressures. Existing chemical kinetic models showed notable differences compared to the experimental data at fuel-lean conditions, and modifications were made based on sensitivity analyses to improve model performance.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yingtao Wu, Xiangdong Kong, Tao Yu, Zhaoming Mai, Shutong Cao, Qingwei Yu, Jinhu Liang, Shashank S. Nagaraja, S. Mani Sarathy, Zuohua Huang, Chenglong Tang
Summary: This study investigates the reactions between Tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) and O2 under ignition conditions. Significant low-temperature reactivity and autoignition of 2% TMEDA/O2 mixtures were observed. Ignition delay times were measured in a rapid compression machine and a high-pressure shock tube, and TMEDA pyrolysis products were obtained in a single pulse shock tube. A hierarchical chemical kinetic model of TMEDA was developed and validated using experimental data, showing good predictions across different conditions.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mohammed AlAbbad, Ribhu Gautam, Edwin Guevara Romero, Saumitra Saxena, Eman Barradah, Obulesu Chatakonda, Jeffrey W. Kloosterman, Joshua Middaugh, Mark D. D'Agostini, S. Mani Sarathy
Summary: This study investigated the pyrolysis and combustion of heavy fuel oil (HFO) and vacuum residual oil (VRO) using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The results showed that pyrolysis was slightly slower than combustion at low temperatures, but significantly faster at high temperatures. Both oils resulted in minimal residue during combustion, while pyrolysis produced 10-19% residue. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to analyze the evolved volatiles from these processes.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shijun Dong, Goutham Kukkadapu, Jinhu Liang, Xiaobei Cheng, Scott W. Wagnon, William J. Pitz, Henry J. Curran
Summary: This study presents the first observation of two-stage ignition behavior of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (124TMB) under engine-like conditions. Blending n-heptane with 124TMB increases the reactivity of the mixture. A new detailed mechanism has been developed to simulate the experimentally measured ignition delay times.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shashank S. Nagaraja, Jinhu Liang, Bingzhi Liu, Qiang Xu, Can Shao, Goutham Kukkadapu, Haitao Lu, Zhandong Wang, Willam J. Pitz, S. Mani Sarathy, Henry J. Curran
Summary: The pyrolysis chemistry of tetramethyl ethylene (TME) is crucial in understanding the anti-knock qualities of iso-olefins. The development of a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism has provided insights into the consumption pathways and formation of aromatic species in TME pyrolysis.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Caiyu Yang, Jin-Tao Chen, Xincheng Zhu, Xin Bai, Yang Li, Kiran K. Yalamanchi, S. Mani Sarathy, S. Scott Goldsborough, Song Cheng, Henry J. Curran, Chong-Wen Zhou
Summary: This study systematically investigates the hydrogen atom abstraction by methyl peroxy (CH3OO) radicals in the gasoline/ethanol interacting chemistry. The high-pressure limiting rate constants for various components were calculated, and it was found that the abstraction of allylic hydrogen atoms from 1-hexene is the fastest at low temperatures.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Qi Wang, Xuetao Shi, Xiaoyuan Zhang, Can Shao, S. Mani Sarathy
Summary: In recent years, the blending of ammonia with hydrocarbons as a carbon-neutral fuel additive has gained attention. However, the chemical effects of blending ammonia with hydrocarbons, particularly on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation, are not well understood. This study systematically investigates the reaction pathways of nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds (NPACs) and their comparison with the hydrogen-abstraction-acetylene (HACA) mechanism. The findings suggest that while the formation of nitrogen-embedded PAHs is less favored at high temperatures, a substantial amount of NPACs can still be formed.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yitong Zhai, Qiang Xu, Shanshan Ruan, Lidong Zhang, Cheng Xie, Zhandong Wang, S. Mani Sarathy
Summary: In this study, the low-temperature oxidation of n-dodecane was investigated using synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry and gas chromatography. Various intermediates and products, including alkenes, aldehyde/keto compounds, cyclic ethers, peroxides, acids, and alcohols/ethers, were identified and characterized. The detailed structures and formation pathways of these species were proposed and discussed. These results provide valuable experimental data for the development of kinetic models for the low-temperature oxidation of n-dodecane.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Nicholas R. Cross, Holkan Vazquez-Sanchez, Matthew J. Rau, Serguei N. Lvov, Michael A. Hickner, Christopher A. Gorski, Shashank S. Nagaraja, S. Mani Sarathy, Bruce E. Logan, Derek M. Hall
Summary: In this study, the performance of thermally regenerative batteries (TRBs) was examined with the use of different membranes. It was found that an inexpensive hydrocarbon CEM (Selemion CMVN) had low ammonia crossover and good performance. Additionally, a thin anion exchange membrane (Sustainion) showed high peak power density due to low resistance, but low average power density and energy density due to high ammonia flux. Techno-economic analysis showed that Selemion CMVN had the lowest levelized cost of storage.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
M. Monge-Palacios, E. Grajales-Gonzalez, S. Mani Sarathy
Summary: This study conducted the first molecular dynamics study of the oxidation of methanol in four supercritical environments, revealing changes in the oxidation chemistry when supercritical CO2 and/or H2O are present. The collision analysis showed that collisions with H2O can efficiently activate methanol for dissociation events. The findings contribute to the development of kinetic models for methanol oxidation/pyrolysis and the implementation of oxy-combustion and hydrothermal combustion techniques.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Thibault F. Guiberti, Giuseppe Pezzella, Akihiro Hayakawa, S. Mani Sarathy
Summary: Ammonia is a molecule that has been crucial to human activities for centuries, widely used in fertilizers, industrial chemicals, and emissions after-treatment systems. Ammonia's properties make it of interest as a hydrogen carrier in energy applications. However, challenges such as low flammability and potential high emissions exist in ammonia combustion. This mini review discusses these challenges and recent state-of-the-art approaches to overcome them.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin Guevara, Mohammed Alabbad, Obulesu Chatakonda, Jeffrey W. Kloosterman, Joshua Middaugh, Wen Zhang, Abdul-Hamid Emwas, S. Mani Sarathy
Summary: Surrogate molecules are commonly used to represent complex mixtures and predict properties. Creating surrogates for heavy oils is resource-intensive and time-consuming, and their interpretation is challenging. This study introduces a novel approach using high-resolution mass spectrometry to formulate surrogate molecules for heavy oils, which can be created in a semi-automatic manner. The method is successfully applied to identify surrogate molecules for two residual oils from Saudi Arabia, and the results show that the surrogates can effectively approximate the elemental composition and predicted functional groups. The surrogate molecules can also predict physical properties such as heating values.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jinan Aljaziri, Ribhu Gautam, S. Mani Sarathy
Summary: The interactions between Salicornia bigelovii (SB) biomass and heavy fuel oil (HFO) during co-pyrolysis were investigated. The study focused on the yields, kinetics, and quality of the bio-oil and biochar produced. Co-pyrolysis experiments were conducted at 550°C using different ratios of SB and HFO. The addition of HFO enhanced volatilization, resulting in decreased char yield, increased gas yield, increased reactivity, and lowered activation energies. The bio-oil collected from the mixtures had reduced oxygenated compound content and increased selectivity towards aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Khalid Aljohani, Abd El-Sabor Mohamed, Haitao Lu, Henry J. Curran, S. Mani Sarathy, Aamir Farooq
Summary: This study investigates the impact of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and NOx on the ignition delay time of oxygenated gasoline. A gasoline surrogate model is developed and the experimental data are useful for predicting fuel ignition behavior in internal combustion engines. The results show that EGR inhibits gasoline reactivity, while NOx has a promoting effect at high temperatures. This research is important for understanding the combustion behavior of gasoline in engines.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2024)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Basem A. Eraqi, Shashank S. Nagaraja, Et-touhami Es-sebbar, S. Mani Sarathy
Summary: This study examines the impact of NO-addition and N-2-dilution on the autoignition process of n-C-10-n-C-14 alkanes, which are crucial components of diesel and kerosene-based jet fuels. The results show that N-2-dilution consistently increases the ignition delay time (IDT) for the tested fuels, while the effect of NO-addition is temperature-dependent. The study provides valuable fundamental combustion data for n-C-10-n-C-14 fuels and fills a gap in the literature. These findings can be utilized by engine researchers to develop more efficient and cleaner combustion engine technologies.
