Article
Microbiology
Yassmin Moatasim, Ahmed Kandeil, Ahmed Mostafa, Omnia Kutkat, Mohamed El Sayes, Ahmed N. El Taweel, Maha AlKhazindar, Elsayed T. AbdElSalam, Rabeh El-Shesheny, Ghazi Kayali, Mohamed A. Ali
Summary: Research has shown that besides expressing the HA of H5N8, PR8 vaccine strains expressing other internal proteins from the H5N8 strain are unable to efficiently elicit virus-neutralizing antibodies, but can provide some protection to infected chickens six days post infection, possibly related to cell-based immunity.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chia-Ying Wu, Shao-En Kao, Yung-Chieh Tseng, Yu-Po Lin, Jen-Tzu Hou, Li-Yang Wu, Sharon Chiu, Che Alex Ma, Pei-Wen Hsiao, Jane Hsiao, Juine-Ruey Chen
Summary: Influenza epidemics and pandemics caused by newly emerging virus strains call for the development of a universal vaccine. A monoglycosylated vaccine has been shown to provide broader protection in mice than conventional vaccines, but the challenge lies in developing a robust manufacturing process for mass production and verifying its immunogenicity in inducing cross-protective immunity.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Minjin Kim, Yucheol Cheong, Jinhee Lee, Jongkwan Lim, Sanguine Byun, Yo Han Jang, Baik Lin Seong
Summary: This study demonstrated that caspase-triggered live attenuated influenza vaccine induced broad reactive antibody response and provided heterosubtypic protection against diverse influenza viruses in mice model. The protection relied on non-neutralizing antibodies-mediated ADCC activities and robust mucosal secretion of sIgA, which highlight the potential of this vaccine as a promising option for developing a universal influenza vaccine.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Trevor Ung, Nakisha S. Rutledge, Adam M. Weiss, Aaron P. Esser-Kahn, Peter Deak
Summary: This article summarizes the recent advancements in immunology and chemistry in targeted vaccine technology, including cellular targets, methods of targeting, and their effects on immune responses. The relationships between vaccine targets and subsequent adaptive immune responses are crucial for effective vaccine design, potentially leading to more effective, disease-specific vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
SangJoon Lee, Jin-Hyeob Ryu
Summary: The innate immune system serves as the first line of defense against influenza viruses, and mRNA vaccines are being explored as a promising alternative to traditional approaches due to their safety, cost-effectiveness, rapid development capabilities, and high efficacy. This review provides insights into the innate immune response to mRNA vaccination, as well as discusses the future directions and challenges in advancing this promising therapeutic approach.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Chang-Ung Kim, Sukyeong Eo, Pureum Lee, Sang-Hyun Kim, Young Sang Kim, Doo-Jin Kim
Summary: This study demonstrates that consecutive administration of modified outer membrane vesicle (fmOMV) and influenza virus can induce broad and long-lasting protective immunity against various virus subtypes.
MICROBES AND INFECTION
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Piyush Dey, Akanksha Ahuja, Jaishal Panwar, Poonam Choudhary, Shital Rani, Mandeep Kaur, Akanksha Sharma, Jatinder Kaur, Ashok Kumar Yadav, Vikas Sood, Adukamparai Suresh R. Babu, Sanjay K. Bhadada, Gurpal Singh, Ravi Pratap Barnwal
Summary: The avian influenza A virus (AIV) is a naturally prevalent virus in aquatic birds, which infects various avian species and can transmit to humans. Both the H5N1 and H7N9 viruses have the potential to cause acute influenza in humans and pose a possible pandemic threat. Understanding the disease pathogenesis and the host's immune response is crucial for the development of control and prevention strategies.
Article
Immunology
Weiwei Zeng, Yingying Wang, Huzi Hu, Qing Wang, Sven M. Bergmann, Yahui Wang, Bo Li, Yuefeng Lv, Hua Li, Jiyuan Yin, Yingying Li
Summary: The study evaluated the immunological effects and protective efficacy of formaldehyde- and beta-propiolactone-inactivated vaccines against TiLV in tilapia, with and without the adjuvant Montanide IMS 1312 VG. Beta-propiolactone-inactivated vaccine showed higher protection efficacy against virus challenge compared to formaldehyde, generating specific IgM and neutralizing antibodies against TiLV. The vaccine also significantly lowered viral loads, increased survival rates, and stimulated a protective immune response, indicating potential for inhibiting viral proliferation.
Article
Immunology
Mark Loeb, Margaret L. Russell, Caralyn Kelly-Stradiotto, Nola Fuller, Kevin Fonseca, David J. D. Earn, Khami Chokani, Lorne Babiuk, Binod Neupane, Pardeep Singh, Eleanor Pullenayegum
Summary: The study found that vaccinating children with MF59 adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine did not significantly reduce influenza infection rates in children and family members compared to inactivated quadrivalent vaccine, but it did result in significant protection against influenza A in children.
Article
Immunology
Constantina Boikos, Lauren Fischer, Dan O'Brien, Joe Vasey, Gregg C. Sylvester, James A. Mansi
Summary: This study estimated the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of cell-propagated inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (ccIIV4) versus egg-derived inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine (eIIV4) in preventing influenza-related medical encounters in the 2018-2019 US season. The results showed a statistically significantly greater reduction in influenza-related medical encounters in individuals vaccinated with ccIIV4 compared to eIIV4, supporting ccIIV4 as a potentially more effective public health measure against influenza.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Lijun Zhang, Wentao Luo, Ruyue Xiong, Haotian Li, Zhiming Yao, Wenxiao Zhuo, Geng Zou, Qi Huang, Rui Zhou
Summary: The Bac-sub vaccine is a safe and effective vaccine that provides high protection against A. pleuropneumoniae infection in both mice and pigs.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Andreja Novak, Elder Pupo, Esther van't Veld, Victor P. M. G. Rutten, Femke Broere, Arjen Sloots
Summary: This study reveals that TLR2 and TLR4 are involved in the recognition of Leptospira strains used in canine Leptospira vaccines. The findings contribute to the understanding of Leptospira-induced innate immune responses in dogs, humans, and mice.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yonghong Liu, Shirin Strohmeier, Irene Gonzalez-Dominguez, Jessica Tan, Viviana Simon, Florian Krammer, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Peter Palese, Weina Sun
Summary: By generating and sequentially vaccinating mice with inactivated influenza B viruses displaying mosaic HAs, researchers have successfully induced long-lasting and cross-protective antibody responses. These findings represent a significant step towards the development of a universal influenza B virus vaccine.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Richard I. Walker, A. Louis Bourgeois
Summary: Oral immunization is an effective strategy against mucosal enteric pathogens. Inactivated whole bacterial cells can also induce protective immunity. Developing a safe and simple delivery format with controlled immunogenic amounts of complex antigens is essential. Enhancing the efficacy of whole cell vaccines can be achieved through genetic engineering and the use of mucosal adjuvants. The development of ETVAX, a vaccine candidate against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), has shown promising results.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Noopur Bhatnagar, Ki-Hye Kim, Jeeva Subbiah, Sakinah Muhammad-Worsham, Bo Ryoung Park, Rong Liu, Phillip Grovenstein, Bao-Zhong Wang, Sang-Moo Kang
Summary: The study suggests that heterologous prime-boost influenza vaccination strategy is more effective in inducing broader protective immunity compared to repeated vaccination with the same antigen, by increasing strain-specific hemagglutination inhibition titers and high levels of IgG antibodies.
Article
Cell Biology
Stephen J. Turner, Taylah J. Bennett, Nicole L. La Gruta
Summary: The generation of effective adaptive T-cell memory is crucial for protective immunity. Differentiation of CD8(+) T cells into memory subsets depends on factors that impact epigenetic regulation. The memory/effector T-cell state may represent a default innate-like response to antigen recognition.
COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Georgia Deliyannis, Chinn Yi Wong, Hayley A. McQuilten, Annabell Bachem, Michele Clarke, Xiaoxiao Jia, Kylie Horrocks, Weiguang Zeng, Jason Girkin, Nichollas E. Scott, Sarah L. Londrigan, Patrick C. Reading, Nathan W. Bartlett, Katherine Kedzierska, Lorena E. Brown, Francesca Mercuri, Christophe Demaison, David C. Jackson, Brendon Y. Chua
Summary: The study shows that by controlling viral infection in the upper airways, especially through the activation of TLR2 in nasal passages, rapid protection can be provided against severe respiratory infection, especially for at-risk populations. The research emphasizes the importance of nasal epithelial cells and macrophages working together to prevent the spread of respiratory viruses to the vulnerable lower airways.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Danielle K. Longmore, Jessica E. Miller, Siroon Bekkering, Christoph Saner, Edin Mifsud, Yanshan Zhu, Richard Saffery, Alistair Nichol, Graham Colditz, Kirsty R. Short, David P. Burgner
Summary: In adults hospitalized with COVID-19, overweight, obesity, and diabetes were associated with increased odds of requiring respiratory support but were not associated with death. In patients with diabetes, the odds of severe COVID-19 were not increased above the BMI-associated risk.
Article
Immunology
Thi H. O. Nguyen, Louise C. Rowntree, Jan Petersen, Brendon Y. Chua, Luca Hensen, Lukasz Kedzierski, Carolien E. van de Sandt, Priyanka Chaurasia, Hyon-Xhi Tan, Jennifer R. Habel, Wuji Zhang, Lilith F. Allen, Linda Earnest, Kai Yan Mak, Jennifer A. Juno, Kathleen Wragg, Francesca L. Mordant, Fatima Amanat, Florian Krammer, Nicole A. Mifsud, Denise L. Doolan, Katie L. Flanagan, Sabrina Sonda, Jasveen Kaur, Linda M. Wakim, Glen P. Westall, Fiona James, Effie Mouhtouris, Claire L. Gordon, Natasha E. Holmes, Olivia C. Smibert, Jason A. Trubiano, Allen C. Cheng, Peter Harcourt, Patrick Clifton, Jeremy Chase Crawford, Paul G. Thomas, Adam K. Wheatley, Stephen J. Kent, Jamie Rossjohn, Joseph Torresi, Katherine Kedzierska
Summary: This study characterized CD8(+) T cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in COVID-19 patients and unexposed individuals, revealing that CD8(+) T cells specific for the immunodominant B7/N-105 epitope were detected at high frequencies both before and during acute COVID-19 and convalescence. The research also showed high naive precursor frequency and TCR alpha beta diversity within immunodominant B7/N-105-specific CD8(+) T cells, shedding light on the origins and responses of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells.
Review
Virology
Kathryn M. Edenborough, Heather A. Flores, Cameron P. Simmons, Johanna E. Fraser
Summary: The introduction of Wolbachia strains into Aedes aegypti mosquito populations has been shown to significantly reduce dengue incidence, although RNA viruses are known to adapt to antiviral pressures. Long-term surveillance for resistant viruses should be an essential component of Wolbachia-introgression biocontrol programs.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Luca Hensen, Patricia T. Illing, E. Bridie Clemens, Thi H. O. Nguyen, Marios Koutsakos, Carolien E. van de Sandt, Nicole A. Mifsud, Andrea T. Nguyen, Christopher Szeto, Brendon Y. Chua, Hanim Halim, Simone Rizzetto, Fabio Luciani, Liyen Loh, Emma J. Grant, Phillipa M. Saunders, Andrew G. Brooks, Steve Rockman, Tom C. Kotsimbos, Allen C. Cheng, Michael Richards, Glen P. Westall, Linda M. Wakim, Thomas Loudovaris, Stuart I. Mannering, Michael Elliott, Stuart G. Tangye, David C. Jackson, Katie L. Flanagan, Jamie Rossjohn, Stephanie Gras, Jane Davies, Adrian Miller, Steven Y. C. Tong, Anthony W. Purcell, Katherine Kedzierska
Summary: This study identifies the presence of influenza CD8(+) T cell epitopes in an Indigenous Australian population expressing the susceptibility allomorph HLA A*24:02 and suggests targeting and boosting the breadth of IAV/IBV-specific CD8(+) T cells to protect high-risk populations from severe influenza disease.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kevin J. Selva, Carolien E. van de Sandt, Melissa M. Lemke, Christina Y. Lee, Suzanne K. Shoffner, Brendon Y. Chua, Samantha K. Davis, Thi H. O. Nguyen, Louise C. Rowntree, Luca Hensen, Marios Koutsakos, Chinn Yi Wong, Francesca Mordant, David C. Jackson, Katie L. Flanagan, Jane Crowe, Shidan Tosif, Melanie R. Neeland, Philip Sutton, Paul Licciardi, Nigel W. Crawford, Allen C. Cheng, Denise L. Doolan, Fatima Amanat, Florian Krammer, Keith Chappell, Naphak Modhiran, Daniel Watterson, Paul Young, Wen Shi Lee, Bruce D. Wines, P. Mark Hogarth, Robyn Esterbauer, Hannah G. Kelly, Hyon-Xhi Tan, Jennifer A. Juno, Adam K. Wheatley, Stephen J. Kent, Kelly B. Arnold, Katherine Kedzierska, Amy W. Chung
Summary: The study reveals that elderly individuals have higher levels of cross-reactive antibodies before the COVID-19 pandemic, while children have fewer exposures to coronaviruses before the emergence of the virus, resulting in less-experienced but stronger humoral immunity. Age-dependent analysis in COVID-19 patients shows elevated class-switched antibodies in the elderly and stronger Fc responses in children.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bang M. Tran, Samantha L. Grimley, Julie L. McAuley, Abderrahman Hachani, Linda Earnest, Sharon L. Wong, Leon Caly, Julian Druce, Damian F. J. Purcell, David C. Jackson, Mike Catton, Cameron J. Nowell, Laura Leonie, Georgia Deliyannis, Shafagh A. Waters, Joseph Torresi, Elizabeth Vincan
Summary: The urgent need to combat the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the necessity for tissue culture models that accurately replicate human tissues and disease. A nasal epithelium culture system has been tested as a model for SARS-CoV-2 infection, demonstrating robust and reproducible infection. This model can mimic key features of human infection and serve as a pre-clinical model without invasive tissue collection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Declan L. Turner, Rachel M. Templin, Adele A. Barugahare, Brendan E. Russ, Stephen J. Turner, Georg Ramm, Rommel A. Mathias
Summary: UL34 is a viral protein expressed with leaky late kinetics and primarily located in the nucleus during infection. Deletion of UL34 from the HCMV genome did not stop viral spread, but significantly reduced the production of infectious virions by over 100-fold, indicating that UL34 is an augmenting gene in HCMV infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Jennifer Habel, Andrea Nguyen, Louise Rowntree, Christopher Szeto, Nicole Mifsud, E. Bridie Clemens, Liyen Loh, Weisan Chen, Steve Rockman, Jane W. Nelson, Jane Davies, Adrian Miller, Steven Y. C. T. Tong, Jamie Rossjohn, Stephanie M. Gras, Anthony Purcell, Luca M. Hensen, Katherine Kedzierska, Patricia M. Illing
Summary: HLA-A*11:01 is highly prevalent in East Asian and Oceanian populations and is associated with high risk of severe influenza disease. Using immunopeptidomics, researchers identified novel CD8(+) T cell targets for influenza A and influenza B viruses in HLA-A*11:01-expressing individuals. These findings have implications for the design of broadly cross-reactive influenza vaccines.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Anne Kelso
MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xia Yang, Hailiang Sun, Zhening Zhang, Weixin Ou, Fengxiang Xu, Ling Luo, Yahong Liu, Weisan Chen, Jianxin Chen
Summary: Influenza A virus (IAV) infections pose a serious threat to public health and there is an urgent need for novel anti-IAV medications. This study reveals that ginsenoside rk1 (G-rk1) and G-rg5, derived from panax ginseng, exhibit significant antiviral effects against different IAV subtypes both in vitro and in vivo. G-rk1 specifically blocks IAV binding to sialic acid and interacts with HA1, making it a potential approach for preventing and treating IAV infections.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Duong Thi Hue Kien, Kathryn Edenborough, Daniela da Silva Goncalves, Tran Thuy Vi, Etiene Casagrande, Huynh Thi Le Duyen, Vo Thi Long, Le Thi Dui, Vu Thi Tuyet Nhu, Nguyen Thi Giang, Huynh Thi Xuan Trang, Elvina Lee, I'ah Donovan-Banfield, Huynh Thi Thuy Van, Nguyen Minh Nguyet, Nguyen Thanh Phong, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, Bridget Wills, Sophie Yacoub, Heather Flores, Cameron Simmons
Summary: The introgression of antiviral strains of Wolbachia into Aedes aegypti mosquito populations is a public health intervention for the control of dengue. However, the study found that the dengue virus (DENV) could evolve to bypass the antiviral effects of Wolbachia. The experiment showed that the wMel strain of Wolbachia can select for a specific amino acid substitution in the DENV-1 envelope protein.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xia Yang, Feixiang Long, Weixin Jia, Mingxin Zhang, Guanming Su, Ming Liao, Zhenling Zeng, Weisan Chen, Jianxin Chen
Summary: We demonstrated that artemisinin and its derivative artesunate (AS) have broad antiviral activity against H5N1, H1N1, H3N2, and oseltamivir-resistant influenza A virus in vitro. AS treatment significantly protected mice from lethal challenges with H1N1 and H5N1 IAV, and the combination of AS and peramivir showed improved survival outcomes compared to monotherapy. Mechanistically, AS inhibited PDE4, induced cAMP accumulation, reduced ERK phosphorylation, and blocked IAV vRNP export, thus suppressing IAV replication.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Xiaoxiao Jia, Brendon Y. Chua, Liyen Loh, Marios Koutsakos, Lukasz Kedzierski, Moshe Olshansky, William R. Heath, So Young Chang, Jianqing Xu, Zhongfang Wang, Katherine Kedzierska
Summary: The study demonstrates that both virus-specific and bystander CD38(+)MHC-II+ CD8(+) T cells are recruited to the site of infection during severe disease, and MHC-II presence is acquired via trogocytosis from antigen-presenting cells. The co-expression of CD38(+)MHC-II+ is essential for optimal CD8(+) T-cell recall following secondary infection.
CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)