Article
Environmental Sciences
Yu Ren, Wengeng Cao, Zeyan Li, Deng Pan, Shuai Wang
Summary: An analysis of the hydrogeochemical compositions of shallow groundwater in the Hohhot Basin reveals the spatial characteristics of the environment and the distribution of high-arsenic water. The study identifies six different zones based on environmental characteristics, including redox condition, water recharge intensity, and cation exchange level. The results show that high-arsenic groundwater is mainly found in aquifers with strong reducing conditions, low surface water recharge intensity, and strong cation exchange conditions. The release of arsenic into groundwater is influenced by reductive dissolution of iron oxide, evaporation and concentration processes, and competition from phosphate in aquifers.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Jianguo Chen, Philip S. Yu
Summary: The DADC algorithm addresses the limited clustering effect of density peak-based clustering algorithms on data with VDD, ED, and MDDM features, by using domain-adaptive density measurement, cluster center self-identification, and cluster self-ensemble. This approach improves clustering results and overcomes the issues of sparse cluster loss and cluster fragmentation in such data.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Siyuan Wang, Jing Wang, You Luo, Hui Shen, Yibing Li
Summary: In this study, a Voronoi density-weighted summation method based on the Voronoi diagram is proposed to accurately measure the concentration and diffusion of heavy metal pollution in the target area, addressing the issue of uneven distribution of detection points. The use of local entropy deepens the understanding of local regional and overall system situations. Through four representative regions, the results show that the proposed whole scheme based on the Voronoi diagram can effectively predict and evaluate the spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution, providing a theoretical basis for comprehending and exploring the complex pollution environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zhenxiang Jiang, Bo Wu, Hui Chen
Summary: Traditional methods for diagnosing dam health based on single point measurements may lead to potential misdiagnosis and overlook the true distribution of measurements. This paper proposes a new method using kernel density estimation and copula functions to address these limitations and enable comprehensive dam health diagnosis. The method incorporates multiple measured values and establishes criteria for diagnosis, and also suggests the use of the optimal copula function based on the Akaike information criterion. An engineering example is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in diagnosing dam health without assuming a specific measurement distribution function.
WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Patrick Schultheiss, Sabine S. Nooten, Runxi Wang, Mark K. L. Wong, Francois Brassard, Benoit Guenard
Summary: Knowledge on the distribution and abundance of organisms is essential. However, there is currently a lack of such knowledge for insects, particularly ants. This study provides an empirical estimate of global ant abundance based on 489 studies, highlighting their significant role in terrestrial ecosystems and the gaps in our knowledge.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Wenqi Li, Matteo Saletti, Marwan A. Hassan, Joel P. L. Johnson, Julia Carr, Cormac Chui, Kejun Yang
Summary: Large particles have significant effects on various aspects of mountain streams, including flow resistance, energy dissipation, bed stability, and channel morphology. Through flume experiments, we investigated the impact of the density and spatial distribution of coarse particles (keystones) on bed stability, surface texture, and sediment transport in steep channels. Our findings suggest that the density and spatial distribution of keystones have a minor influence on the grain-size distribution of the bed surface. Moreover, the spatial distribution of keystones naturally evolves towards a random distribution as flow rates increase, regardless of the initial arrangement.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Wenming Yang, Changqing Hui, Daren Sun, Xiang Sun, Qingmin Liao
Summary: The paper introduces a one-dimensional analysis method for modeling high dimensional clustering problems as probability distributions, utilizing eigenpaths and connectedness indices to describe connections between vertices, drawing indicative curves to identify cluster forms, and partly eliminating the curse of dimensionality.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS MAN CYBERNETICS-SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Wei Wang, Fen Liu
Summary: This paper proposes an oversampling algorithm based on Adaptive Density Difference Peak Clustering and Spatial Distribution Entropy, which takes into account the spatial distribution of the majority class and avoids class overlap when synthesizing new samples. Experimental results show that the algorithm significantly improves performance in various evaluation indexes.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yunze Gao, Ruijing Li, Hui Gao, Chao Hou, Shuaichen Jin, Jiandong Ye, Guangshui Na
Summary: The study conducted a cumulative impact assessment to estimate the impact of seven threats on Antarctic ecosystems. The results showed that climate change is a significant threat, and tourism has the greatest impact among human activities. International policies are needed to regulate tourist activities and control organic pollutants for ecosystem protection in Antarctica.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Yohann Chauvier, Patrice Descombes, Maya Gueguen, Louise Boulangeat, Wilfried Thuiller, Niklaus E. Zimmermann
Summary: Species distribution models (SDMs) are statistical tools used to predict the geographic distribution of species. The resolution of predictors plays a significant role in model performance and diversity. Previous studies have shown that higher resolution predictors can improve model performance. Our study found that multifaceted diversity, especially relative phylogenetic diversity (rPD), is strongly affected by predictor resolution. Therefore, it is necessary to use higher resolution predictors to explain and predict the distribution of sessile species, particularly in mountain environments. Assessing species diversity is crucial for biodiversity management and conservation.
Article
Optics
Qin Liao, Zheng Wang, Haijie Liu, Yiyu Mao, Xiquan Fu
Summary: In this paper, a machine learning-based defense strategy called DADS is proposed to detect practical quantum attacks in the CVQKD system. By using the DBSCAN clustering method, the proposed scheme can effectively identify known and unknown attacks, improving the practical security of the system. The simulation results show that DADS can also provide a tighter secure bound for the CVQKD system by correcting the overestimated secret key rate caused by ignoring practical quantum attacks.
Article
Statistics & Probability
Jicai Liu, Jinhong Li, Riquan Zhang
Summary: This paper proposes a novel partitioning clustering procedure called K-CDFs based on the cumulative distribution function (CDF). The K-CDFs represent cluster centers using empirical CDFs and assign observations based on the closest center measured by the Cramer-von Mises distance. The procedure is nonparametric, robust to heavy-tailed data, independent of data dimensions, and capable of detecting linearly non-separable clusters.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Yuanting Yan, Yuanwei Zhu, Ruiqing Liu, Yiwen Zhang, Yanping Zhang, Ling Zhang
Summary: This paper proposes Spatial Distribution-based UnderSampling (SDUS) for dealing with class-imbalance problems. SDUS maintains the distribution pattern of original data by learning majority-class local patterns and selecting samples using two strategies. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of SDUS in maintaining the underlying distribution characteristics.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Linbo Wang, Li Tan, Xianyong Fang, Yanwen Guo, Shaohua Wan
Summary: In this paper, a clustering based approach is proposed to simultaneously identify match inliers with both transformational and spatial proximities. Experiments show that this method achieves superior performance in a variety of feature matching tasks.
MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Min Wang, Jie-Sheng Wang, Xu-Dong Li, Min Zhang, Wen-Kuo Hao
Summary: In this study, an improved Harris Hawk Optimization (HHO) algorithm based on the inverse cumulative function operator of Cauchy distribution and tangent flight operator was proposed to enhance its search mechanism and speed of convergence. The simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm has strong optimization capability.
APPLIED INTELLIGENCE
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Marta Cimatti, Nathan Ranc, Ana Benitez-Lopez, Luigi Maiorano, Luigi Boitani, Francesca Cagnacci, Mirza Cengic, Paolo Ciucci, Mark A. J. Huijbregts, Miha Krofel, Jose Vicente Lopez-Bao, Nuria Selva, Henrik Andren, Carlos Bautista, Dusko Cirovic, Heather Hemmingmoore, Ilka Reinhardt, Miha Marence, Yorgos Mertzanis, Luca Pedrotti, Igor Trbojevic, Andreas Zetterberg, Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica, Luca Santini
Summary: The recent recovery of large carnivores in Europe is attributed to decreased human persecution due to rural land abandonment and increased forest cover, leading to improved shelter and prey availability. Changes in land cover and human population density were found to have altered habitat suitability for the grey wolf, Eurasian lynx, and brown bear in various regions of Europe between 1992 and 2015. The expansion of large carnivore populations matched projected changes, but factors beyond habitat availability, such as human tolerance and policy, may have influenced the recent wolf expansion in Central and Southern Europe.
DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrea Chiocchio, Jan W. Arntzen, Inigo Martinez-Solano, Wouter de Vries, Roberta Bisconti, Alice Pezzarossa, Luigi Maiorano, Daniele Canestrelli
Summary: The study investigated the genetic diversity of the common toad Bufo bufo along the Italian peninsula and found that glacial refugia played a crucial role in maintaining levels and patterns of genetic diversity across glacial-interglacial cycles. Genetic admixture was identified as the significant predictor of population genetic diversity levels.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Luca Santini, Ana Benitez-Lopez, Luigi Maiorano, Mirza Cengic, Mark A. J. Huijbregts
Summary: The study assessed the reliability of species distribution models in predicting future species distribution changes, finding that most studies relied on single models and small samples, while spatially independent sample validation provided more accurate results.
DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Nuria Galiana, Ceres Barros, Joao Braga, Gentile Francesco Ficetola, Luigi Maiorano, Wilfried Thuiller, Jose M. Montoya, Miguel Lurgi
Summary: The species-area relationship (SAR) is crucial for understanding spatial gradients in communities, while ecological communities are complex networks formed by interactions between species. The study shows strong variation in the spatial scaling of network complexity across different biogeographical regions, but differences in network-area relationships (NARs) disappeared once the variation in SARs was taken into account. Climate and habitat clustering were found to be the main environmental drivers shaping both SARs and NARs across Europe.
Article
Ecology
Dominique Caron, Luigi Maiorano, Wilfried Thuiller, Laura J. Pollock
Summary: Despite limited knowledge, predicting species interactions based on functional traits is a promising approach. A new traits-based model of trophic interactions for European vertebrates was built, and even with minimal input data, the full European vertebrate food web could be reasonably estimated. However, predators were easier to predict than prey, and local food web connectivity was often overestimated.
Article
Fisheries
Francesco Saltalamacchia, Florian Berg, Michele Casini, Julie Coad Davies, Valerio Bartolino
Summary: The study investigated large- and small-scale geographical variability in the Greater North Sea ecoregion using otolith shape analysis of European sprat. The results indicated that otolith shape follows the genetic population structure, supporting the latest revision of stock boundaries and identifying four main groups based on phenotypic variability. However, the low accuracy of crossvalidations using Linear Discriminant Analysis currently limits the operational use of otolith shape analysis for population identification.
FISHERIES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Manuel Hidalgo, Valerio Bartolino, Marta Coll, Mary E. Hunsicker, Morgane Travers-Trolet, Howard Browman
Summary: The global challenge of climate change requires urgent development of innovative adaptive solutions for managing marine resources. Contributions to a themed article set explore emerging climate change impacts, assess system risks, evaluate adaptation options, and consider societal perceptions. Future development in adaptation science will require interdisciplinary collaboration and concrete solutions to address the challenges of climate change and human activity.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Stuart Kininmonth, Thorsten Blenckner, Susa Niiranen, James Watson, Alessandro Orio, Michele Casini, Stefan Neuenfeldt, Valerio Bartolino, Martin Hansson
Summary: Fisheries management has traditionally focused on population modeling without considering environmental and trophic changes. This study introduces a probabilistic model that incorporates key fish populations and various factors to improve the predictability of fish dynamics.
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Maria Modafferi, Marina Melchionna, Silvia Castiglione, Davide Tamagnini, Luigi Maiorano, Gabriele Sansalone, Antonio Profico, Giorgia Girardi, Pasquale Raia
Summary: The study found partial convergence in cranial shape between Kolponomos and the sabretoothed cat Smilodon, particularly in the canine area and the posterior part of the cranium. This suggests that the fusion of mandibles between Kolponomos and Smilodon also partially influenced the shape of the cranium.
BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pierre Gauzere, Louise O'Connor, Christophe Botella, Giovanni Poggiato, Tamara Munkemuller, Laura J. Pollock, Ulrich Brose, Luigi Maiorano, Michael Harfoot, Wilfried Thuiller
Summary: Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversities are important facets of biodiversity. However, the diversity of biotic interactions has been largely ignored in large-scale studies. The diversity of interactions provides important and unique information for understanding community dynamics, ecosystem functioning, and conservation planning.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Chiara Mancino, Daniele Canestrelli, Luigi Maiorano
Summary: Global changes pose a significant threat to biodiversity, especially for species that use different habitats during their life cycles. This study focuses on loggerhead sea turtles in the Mediterranean Sea and examines how climate change and habitat destruction interact to affect their nesting grounds. The results suggest a shift in nesting grounds towards the northwest Mediterranean, with anthropogenic variables and sea surface temperature playing significant roles in nesting probability.
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Dorte Bekkevold, Florian Berg, Patrick Polte, Valerio Bartolino, Henn Ojaveer, Henrik Mosegaard, Edward D. Farrell, Jelena Fedotova, Jakob Hemmer-Hansen, Bastian Huwer, Vanessa Trijoulet, Christoffer Moesgaard Albertsen, Angela P. Fuentes-Pardo, Tomas Groehsler, Mats Pettersson, Teunis Jansen, Arild Folkvord, Leif Andersson
Summary: We developed and validated a mixed-stock analysis (MSA) method to assign individuals to populations in mixed-stock samples of Atlantic herring. The method showed unprecedented accuracy in monitoring spatio-temporal dynamics with complex stock mixing. The analysis revealed potential overestimation of certain stocks and the importance of re-evaluating stock definitions.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Fisheries
Marta Moyano, Bjorn Illing, Anna Akimova, Katharina Alter, Valerio Bartolino, Gregor Boerner, Catriona Clemmesen, Annegret Finke, Tomas Groehsler, Paul Kotterba, Lina Livdane, Felix Mittermayer, Dorothee Moll, Lena von Nordheim, Myron A. Peck, Matthias Schaber, Patrick Polte
Summary: Understanding the drivers behind fish population fluctuations is crucial in fishery science. Despite the complexity of interacting factors, a holistic approach combining field, experimental, and modeling efforts can provide a mechanistic understanding of these recruitment drivers. The Western Baltic Spring-Spawning herring exemplifies the power of this approach, with habitat compression and warming being the major drivers, along with other factors such as climate events and new predators. Identifying knowledge gaps and conducting specific research within these areas is important for sustainable management of fish stocks.
REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Francesca Cosentino, Ernest Charles James Seamark, Victor Van Cakenberghe, Luigi Maiorano
Summary: Abiotic factors are important drivers of species distribution at macro scales, while biotic interactions are mostly considered at local scales. This study examines the role of biotic interactions in large-scale species distribution models (SDMs) for 177 bat species in Africa. The results show that including biotic variables, such as trophic resource richness, in SDMs enhances the model performance and can have an important role at continental scale. It is important to consider biotic interactions in SDMs at macro scales to better understand and predict species distribution patterns.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Valeria Y. Mendez Y. Angarita, Luigi Maiorano, Chiara Dragonetti, Moreno Di Marco
Summary: The Paris Agreement aimed to limit global warming to 2°C or 1.5°C from pre-industrial times. This study projected the loss of bioclimatic space for mammalian communities under different emission scenarios to 2050 and assessed the risk for taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional biodiversity in each biome. The high-emission scenario would result in an average 34% bioclimatic space loss across biomes, surpassing critical levels in 31 out of 63 biomes, including those with high biodiversity. In contrast, achieving the 1.5°C target would reduce the average bioclimatic space loss to 19%, with only eight biomes facing critical levels of loss, none of which are rich in biodiversity.
CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE
(2023)
