Article
Polymer Science
Stephen M. Budy, Anderson Wey, Angelina Wu, David Y. Son
Summary: A new highly aromatic hardener, phenylated phenylenediamine (PDA), was synthesized and studied for its reaction process and properties with different epoxies. Thermal analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis were used to determine its thermal stability and thermal mechanical properties.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Istebreq A. Saeedi, Nikola Chalashkanov, Leonard A. Dissado, Alun S. Vaughan, Thomas Andritsch
Summary: In this study, a gamma relaxation in a series of epoxy resins based on DGEBA is measured and analyzed. By altering the network architecture and studying the temperature dependence of the loss peak frequency, a new interpretation of the relaxation process is proposed. It is found that the relaxation process can be best described as a thermally assisted tunnelling displacement of a proton. The proposed approach provides a new method for understanding gamma relaxations in these materials.
Article
Polymer Science
Yuan Jia, Juxiang Yang, Zhen Liu, Beibei Li
Summary: Two novel hyperbranched polysiloxanes containing fluorine were used as modifiers to improve the thermostability and thermal conductivity of epoxy resin without sacrificing its dielectric properties.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Romain Tavernier, Mona Semsarilar, Sylvain Caillol
Summary: Since the 1940s, BPA has been widely used in the plastic industry, with a significant portion being utilized in the production of epoxy resins. However, extensive research has shown that BPA has endocrine-disrupting properties, necessitating the search for safer alternatives. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of bio-sourced aromatic substitutes for BPA, including their synthetic routes, toxicity, and impact on mechanical properties when used in the synthesis of epoxy resins.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Anila Bello, Yalong Xue, Dhimiter Bello
Summary: Occupational exposure to BADGE-based epoxy resins was studied among construction painters in this research, showing higher concentrations of biomarkers in mid-coat applicators' urine samples. It suggests the need for improvements in hygiene practices and personal protective measures during the application of epoxy-containing paintings.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Runhui Yang, Xianggui Chen, Yumin Niu, Bing Shao
Summary: Research has shown that Bisphenol A diglycidyl ethers (BADGE) undergoes biotransformation in vitro and in vivo, forming multiple metabolites. The metabolic transformation of BADGE can differ between species and gender, and some metabolites may have higher potential toxicity than BADGE itself.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Katalin Czifrak, Csilla Lakatos, Gabriella Szabo, Bence Vadkerti, Lajos Daroczi, Miklos Zsuga, Sandor Keki
Summary: This study reported the preparation and systematic investigation of cross-linked polyurethane-epoxy (PU-EP) polymer systems. The PU-EP polymers were synthesized by reacting NCO-terminated PU prepolymers with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)-amine cooligomers. The addition of furfurylamine (FA) or ethanolamine (EA) resulted in the oligomerization of DGEBA and the formation of DGEBA-amine cooligomers. The cross-linking was achieved by adding the DGEBA-amine cooligomer to the PU prepolymers, forming urethane bonds as netpoints. The presence of furfurylamine allowed for the formation of additional thermoreversible bonds, leading to shape memory behavior in the PU-EP networks.
Article
Forestry
Hangchuan Cai, Zhiqi Wang, Di Xie, Panpan Zhao, Jianping Sun, Daoyu Qin, Fangchao Cheng
Summary: Transparent wood was prepared by alkaline pretreatment, bleaching treatment, and impregnation of epoxy resin, resulting in a flexible material with high transparency and outstanding mechanical properties. The research found that the delignification degree and the ratio of epoxy resin addition significantly influenced the optical and mechanical properties of the flexible transparent wood, with an optimal sample achieving high transmittance, ultra-high haze value, excellent flexibility, and mechanical strength. This study broadens the potential applications of transparent wood in flexible wearable devices and materials.
JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Michelle Souza Oliveira, Artur Camposo Pereira, Henry Alonso Colorado, Natalin Michele Meliande, Juliana dos Santos Carneiro da Cunha, Andre Ben-Hur da Silva Figueiredo, Sergio Neves Monteiro
Summary: The thermal and colorimetric parameters of DGEBA/TETA system (plain epoxy) and fique-fiber woven fabric-reinforced epoxy composites after thermal aging were investigated. The fique-fiber composites exhibited greater thermal stability but higher sensitivity to temperature variations compared to the plain epoxy.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Seonmin Lee, Jooheon Kim
Summary: This study proposes a novel method for synthesizing thermally and electrically conductive graphene-copper/polymer composites. The composite exhibits high EMI shielding efficiency and thermal conductivity, while enhancing mechanical properties.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Huawei Qiao, Mingfeng Chen, Bing Chen, Huagui Zhang, Botuo Zheng
Summary: This study systematically reveals the role of a hyperbranched polysiloxane (PBPS) with boron in the curing kinetics of epoxy resin. Boron efficiently reduces the induction time of curing and increases the reaction rate in the non-catalytic stage. The addition of PBPS also affects the activation energy of the viscous flow stage, resulting in excellent toughening effects. This study fills the knowledge gap regarding the mechanism and influence of hyperbranched polysiloxane in the curing of epoxy resin.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Jianwen Zhang, Dongwei Wang, Lujia Wang, Wanwan Zuo, Lijun Zhou, Xue Hu, Dingyu Bao
Summary: The study investigated the effects of hyperbranched polyester with different terminal groups on the thermomechanical and dielectric properties of silica-epoxy resin composites. The results showed that hyperbranched polyester significantly improved the properties of the composites, with terminal groups playing a crucial role in the enhancement effect. The analysis revealed that the systems grafted with hyperbranched polyester exhibited stronger interfacial bonding and weaker molecular segment motion, leading to improved properties.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Isra Toptanci, Mustafa Kiralan, Onur Ketenoglu, Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan
Summary: The exposure to bisphenols and their derivatives in 33 fish products in Turkey was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The study found that the concentrations of BADGE and hydrolyzed products were below the specific migration limit (SML) value set by the European Union, while chlorinated derivatives of BADGE had a lower detection rate compared to hydrolyzed ones.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Michael J. Minkler, Xinyu Hou, Nima Alizadeh, Maria L. Auad, Anton K. Schindler, Lauren E. Beckingham, Bryan S. Beckingham
Summary: The curing behavior and physical properties of an epoxy-based system for an injectable wellbore sealant were investigated. The material behavior is dependent on curing temperature and comonomer content, with increasing temperature or DGEBA content affecting the curing rate, pre-curing solution viscosity, and post-curing glass transition temperature.
Article
Polymer Science
Francisco Fraga Lopez, Javier Valcarcel, Victor H. Soto, Jose M. Martinez Ageitos, Eugenio Rodriguez, Jose Vazquez Tato
Summary: The epoxy resin diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A (BADGE n = 0) was cured with a new synthesized hardener (2-adamantylethanamine) and characterized by DSC, showing higher enthalpy of reaction and glass transition temperature values. Activation energies were determined for autocatalytic and then-order mechanisms, with the latter being lower due to steric effects of the adamantyl group hindering ring opening during curing. Selecting the appropriate cross-linking agent can increase T(g) and reduce activation energy, beneficial for certain industrial applications.
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Arumugam Hariharan, P. Prabunathan, S. S. Subramanian, M. Kumaravel, Muthukkarupan Alagar
JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Govindraj Latha, Arumugam Hariharan, Pichaimani Prabunathan, Muthukaruppan Alagar
JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2020)
Article
Polymer Science
Siraimeettan Kurinchyselvan, Ayyavu Chandramohan, Arumugam Hariharan, Ponnaiah Gomathipriya, Muthukaruppan Alagar
Summary: Two different benzoxazine monomers were synthesized and their molecular structures confirmed using spectroscopy tools. The thermal stability of the nanocomposites was increased by reinforcing with functionalized MCM-41 and the dielectric properties were studied, showing ultra-low dielectric constant values. These hybrid composites can be used as adhesives, sealants, and encapsulants in high-performance microelectronics applications.
Article
Polymer Science
Vengatesan M. Rangaraj, Swati Singh, Subramani Devaraju, Vijay S. Wadi, Saeed Alhassan, Dalaver H. Anjum, Vikas Mittal
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Polymer Science
S. Devaraju, K. Krishnadevi, E. Naveena, M. Alagar
Summary: In this study, a high thermal and flame-retardant polybenzoxazine-silica hybrid material was synthesized using renewable raw materials. The thermal and flame-resistant properties of the material were significantly improved, making it a suitable alternative to petroleum-based polymeric materials for better thermal and flame-resistant applications.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Vengatesan M. Rangaraj, K. Rambabu, Fawzi Banat, Vikas Mittal
Summary: The study utilized date-fruit syrup waste extract as an antioxidant additive to develop active gelatin films with enhanced food preservation properties. The results showed that the gelatin films containing DSWE significantly inhibited oil oxidation and prolonged the shelf life of food products.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Vengatesan M. Rangaraj, Subramani Devaraju, K. Rambabu, Fawzi Banat, Vikas Mittal
Summary: The study demonstrates that incorporating Ag-Sep hybrid into composite films can increase modulus, improve migration of active compounds in food simulants, exhibit high DPPH radical inhibition efficiency, and slow-release kinetics. The Ag-Sep hybrid also enhances the antimicrobial properties of the composite film.
Article
Polymer Science
Devaraju Subramani, Krishnadevi Krishnamoorthy, Naveena Eeda, Sriharshitha Salendra, Ashok Kumar Achimuthu
Summary: A highly flexible bio-silica reinforced poly (benzoxazine-co-epoxy) hybrid composites with improved thermal and flame-resistance properties were developed in this study. The composites are potential materials for various applications including marine coating, aerospace, and microelectronics.
JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Vengatesan M. Rangaraj, K. Rambabu, Fawzi Banat, Vikas Mittal
Summary: Developing edible active food packaging films with natural antioxidants and nanofillers ensures the safety and sustainability of food, extending its shelf-life. However, challenges such as safety, economic viability, and environmental impact still exist in this field.
Article
Polymer Science
S. Devaraju, P. Eswar, T. Gangadhar Reddy, K. Ravi Kumar
Summary: Low-temperature curing aniline-based benzoxazines were developed using transition metal salts and alkali-alkaline earth metal salts as catalysts. The catalysts effectively reduced the curing temperature and improved the flame retardant properties of the resultant polybenzoxazines.
JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Salendra Sriharshitha, Krishnamoorthy Krishnadevi, Subramani Devaraju, Dakshinamoorthy Prasanna
Summary: In this study, a new strategy was explored to develop bio-based poly(E-aee-co-MA) materials for intrinsic autonomous self-healing applications. The developed materials exhibited good and repeated self-healing ability due to the supra-molecular action and hydrogen bonding interactions in the network structure. The study provides insights into the development of eco-friendly self-healing polymers.
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Khadija Farousha, Vengatesan M. Rangaraj, K. Rambabu, Mohammad Abu Haija, Fawzi Banat
Summary: Encapsulating natural bioactive compounds in porous support allows for sustained release of antioxidants and antimicrobial substances. In this study, date seed extract (DSE) was successfully encapsulated in mesoporous silica matrix (MCM-41) with an encapsulation efficiency of 91%. The DSE@MCM-41 nanocarrier demonstrated sustained release of antioxidants, extended shelf life of food, and significant and sustained bactericidal effect against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Devaraju Subramani, Aruna Kumar Mohanty, Du-hyun Won, Hyun-jong Paik
Summary: A simple in situ sol-gel hybrid approach was used to enhance the mechanical stability and hydrophobic property of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) transparent conductive films (TCFs). PEDOT:P(SS-co-AMA)/silica hybrid films were prepared using thiol-ene click and sol-gel reactions with silane precursors. The hybrid films demonstrated improved hydrophobicity and mechanical stability due to the cross-linked silica network, perfluorooctyl moiety, and good compatibility between organic and inorganic phases. These PEDOT-silica hybrid films with excellent transparency, electrical conductivity, and hydrophobic and mechanical properties are suitable for durable optoelectronic device applications.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Devaraju Subramani, Aruna Kumar Mohanty, Du-hyun Won, Youngkun Hong, Hyun-jong Paik
Summary: This study reports the synthesis of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) aqueous dispersion using sulfonated poly(ether sulfone) (SPES) with hydrophobic fluorinated groups to enhance the weather and water stability of conductive films. The conductivity and surface morphology of PEDOT:SPES thin films were investigated, and a 200-fold increase in conductivity was observed after N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) treatment, with a transmittance over 96.5%. Raman spectroscopy revealed conformational changes in PEDOT chains due to the solvent treatment. In comparison to commercial PEDOT:poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS), the PEDOT:SPES films showed improved water and weather stability in terms of dimensional stability. Furthermore, the PEDOT:SPES films were tested as hole transport layers in organic solar cells, achieving a good power conversion efficiency (3.36%), comparable to conventional PEDOT:PSS (AI 4083).
MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Subramani Devaraju, Aruna Kumar Mohanty, Du-hyun Won, Hyun-jong Paik
Summary: This work reports the fabrication of flexible and bendable transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) using a hybrid of silver nanowires (AgNWs) and neutralized PEDOT:PSS. The TCEs showed good mechanical stability, optical and electrical properties, and potential for highly flexible electronic applications.
MATERIALS ADVANCES
(2023)