Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yan Zhang, Yue Guan, Ya Shen, Huifen Qiao, Jie Yuan, Fei Xu
Summary: A high prevalence of FGIDs-related symptoms was observed among healthcare workers without a history of FGIDs during the fighting against COVID-19. Healthcare workers in out-ward positions were at a significantly higher risk of experiencing FGIDs-related symptoms compared to their in-ward counterparts. These findings highlight the importance of paying attention to functional gastrointestinal issues among healthcare workers, especially during public health emergencies.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Janine A. A. Cooper, Ifeoma Onyeka, Christopher Cardwell, Euan Paterson, Richard Kirk, Dermot O'Reilly, Michael Donnelly
Summary: This scoping review found an increased risk of drug-related death after release from prison, particularly during the first two weeks after release, though drug-related mortality risk remained elevated for the first year among former prisoners. Evidence synthesis was limited as only a small number of studies were suitable for pooled analyses for SMRs due to inconsistencies in study design and methodology.
Article
Emergency Medicine
Ken Diango, Eric Mafuta, Lee A. Wallis, Charmaine Cunningham, Peter Hodkinson
Summary: This study assesses a pilot Community First Aid Responder (CFAR) course in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, to inform future rollouts and related research. The findings indicate that the course is appropriate for the local context, well received by participants, and can serve as a key component in developing prehospital care systems in resource-constrained settings.
AFRICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Olujuwon Ibiloye, Patrick Akande, Jwanle Plang, Franklin Emerenini, Temiwoluwa Omole, Olusola Osindero, Tom Decroo
Summary: This retrospective cohort study found that the novel community health worker-led antiretroviral therapy delivery (CLAD) model was more effective in improving drug refill adherence for men who have sex with men compared to regular HIV clinics.
INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Cigdem Erol, Tugba Yanik-Yalcin, Nuran Sari, Ozlem Azap, Hande Arslan
Summary: The study analyzed the outcomes of healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19, finding that exposures outside the hospital were more common. Male gender and occupations other than doctors were identified as independent risk factors, with a 15% infection rate and a 13% hospitalization rate among those diagnosed with COVID-19.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Nimish Patel, Allison Gorseth, Gina Belfiore, Nicholas Stornelli, Colleen Lowry, Lodise Thomas
Summary: The objectives of this study were to quantify the incidence of fluoroquinolone adverse events of interest (FQAEI), identify the patient-level factors that predict these events, and develop clinical risk scores. The study found that the probability of these events was predicted by comorbidities, healthcare exposure, antibiotic choice, and therapy duration.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Emily Hoff, Laura Hansen, Zoe Pulitzer, Nicholas Campalans, Maverick Salyards, Maishara Muquith, Shira Shavit, Hue Nguyen, Christina Crain, Robrina Walker, Ank E. Nijhawan
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of a combined intervention of formerly incarcerated community health workers (CHW) and a re-entry organization on HIV- and substance use-related outcomes for people living with HIV (PWH) who use substances. The results showed that while there was no significant improvement in HIV viral suppression, the intervention group had better substance use outcomes and met more basic subsistence needs compared to the control group.
JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE & ADDICTION TREATMENT
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Raffaele Iennaco, Giulio Formenti, Camilla Trovesi, Riccardo Lorenzo Rossi, Chiara Zuccato, Tiziana Lischetti, Vittoria Dickinson Bocchi, Andrea Scolz, Cristina Martinez-Labarga, Olga Rickards, Michela Pacifico, Angelica Crottini, Anders Pape Moller, Richard Zhenghuan Chen, Thomas Francis Vogt, Giulio Pavesi, David Stephen Horner, Nicola Saino, Elena Cattaneo
Summary: This study investigated the function and evolution of the CAG repeat sequence in the Huntingtin gene. It found that the CAG-encoded polyQ sequence is under natural selection and small variations in its length can influence neuronal function. These findings highlight the importance of CAG repeat sequences in evolutionary adaptation.
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Flavio De Angelis, Marco Romboni, Virginia Veltre, Paola Catalano, Cristina Martinez-Labarga, Valentina Gazzaniga, Olga Rickards
Summary: This paper provides a first glimpse into the genomic characterization of individuals buried in Casal Bertone during the first to third centuries AD. It explores the genetic makeup of people living near a tannery workshop and identifies microbial communities associated with humans in an unhealthy environment. The study reveals the presence of North African and Near Eastern ancestries among fullers in Imperial Rome.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sean P. Doherty, Matthew J. Collins, Alison J. T. Harris, Ainara Sistiaga, Jason Newton, Michelle M. Alexander
Summary: We present a modern baseline for interpreting archaeological isotopic data by analyzing the isotopic discrimination between paired skin and bone collagen from animals of known life history. Our findings suggest that there is a consistent difference in the isotopic composition of skin collagen and bone collagen, which may reflect variations in the routing of dietary protein and lipids between these tissues.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Archaeology
Patxi Perez-Ramallo, Jos Prime E. Ignacio Lorenzo-Lizalde, Alexandra Staniewska, Belen Lopez, Michelle Alexander, Sara Marzo, Mary Lucas, Jana Ilgner, David Chivall, Aurora Grandal-dAnglade, Patrick Roberts
Summary: The Iberian Peninsula was a key player in the religious, economic, and political changes of the Medieval Period, with particular focus on the emergence of Christian Kingdoms in northern regions. Through radiocarbon dating and stable isotope analysis, differences in access to animal protein and marine/freshwater resources between different social groups were identified on a regional scale, shedding light on the development of social inequality in Medieval society.
JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE-REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Giulia Maiello, Lorenzo Talarico, Paolo Carpentieri, Simone Franceschini, Lynsey R. Harper, Erika F. Neave, Olga Rickards, Alice Sbrana, Peter Shum, Virginia Veltre, Stefano Mariani, Tommaso Russo
Summary: This study tests an easy-to-use device for monitoring marine resources, which can quickly collect environmental DNA during normal fishing operations on bottom trawl fishing vessels. Through sample collection and genetic analysis, the study accurately identifies fish assemblages at different depths and discovers mesopelagic species that are not caught by bottom trawls. This promising method has the potential to be a valuable tool for monitoring catch composition, assessing stock distribution, and documenting changes in fish communities in the oceans.
FISHERIES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Blessing Chidimuro, Amy Mundorff, Camilla Speller, Anita Radini, Noemie Boudreault, Mary Lucas, Malin Holst, Angela Lamb, Matthew Collins, Michelle Alexander
Summary: Dental calculus carbonate can be used as an indicator of sugar consumption and an alternative to bone carbonate in isotopic palaeodiet studies.
RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gabriele Scorrano, Serena Viva, Thomaz Pinotti, Pier Francesco Fabbri, Olga Rickards, Fabio Macciardi
Summary: This study presents a multidisciplinary approach to analyze two human remains from Pompeii using bioarchaeological and palaeogenomic analyses. The genetic profile of the first Pompeian genome was characterized and found to have strong affinities with the surrounding central Italian population from the Roman Imperial Age. The study also identified the presence of spinal tuberculosis and successfully retrieved ancient DNA from the Pompeii human remains.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Laura C. Vinas-Caron, Isidro Aguilera, Tina Jakob, Joe W. Walser, Luke Spindler, Maria Fontanals-Coll, Michelle Alexander
Summary: This study investigates human diet and animal management strategies in Late Chalcolithic and Bronze Age sites in the Northern Iberia region. The analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes and zooarchaeology reveals that all humans had a uniform diet of terrestrial plant and animal resources, while animals had a highly variable diet, suggesting diverse feeding and management strategies. Comparison with other sites of similar chronology also reveals regional environmental differentiation.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Rene Kysely, Petr Meduna, David Orton, Michelle Alexander, Jan Frolik, Tomas Prikryl
Summary: Archaeoichthyological research is not well developed in Czech archaeology, but fishing, fish consumption, and fish trade have played important roles in the Czech lands. This paper presents a case study of archaeological bone finds in Prague, analyzes historical records of the marine fish trade, and provides a basic review of archaeozoological knowledge. The use of stable isotope analysis to determine the provenance of cod found at Prague Castle is a significant contribution in Czech archaeology.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katrien Dierickx, Samantha Presslee, Richard Hagan, Tarek Oueslati, Jennifer Harland, Jessica Hendy, David Orton, Michelle Alexander, Virginia L. Harvey
Summary: Due to the lack of diagnostic features on bones, it is challenging to identify the species of Pleuronectiformes (flatfish) in archaeological research. This study successfully described eight peptide biomarkers for 18 different Pleuronectiformes species using mass spectrometry techniques. By analyzing bone samples from archaeological sites in the UK and France, it was revealed that there was a change in targeted flatfish species over time, and the mass spectrometry approach was found to be more reliable and informative than osteological methods alone.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Filomena Melchionda, Beatrice Silvestrini, Carlo Robino, Carla Bini, Paolo Fattorini, Cristina Martinez-Labarga, Flavio De Angelis, Adriano Tagliabracci, Chiara Turchi
Summary: A multiplex PCR assay was developed to predict human eye, hair and skin colors from minute amounts of DNA. The study demonstrated that this assay is robust, highly sensitive and useful for human pigmentation prediction in the forensic genetic field.
Article
Archaeology
Tom Fitton, Federica Sulas, Mik Lisowski, Michelle Alexander, Abdurahman Juma, Stephanie Wynne-Jones
Summary: Spatial analysis is crucial for understanding, monitoring, and conserving ancient settlements and cultural landscapes. However, remote sensing techniques face challenges in tropical environments, limiting their effectiveness in spatial analysis.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL PROSPECTION
(2023)
Article
Geography, Physical
Angelo Gismondi, Alessia D'Agostino, Gabriele Di Marco, Francesco Scuderi, Flavio De Angelis, Olga Rickards, Paola Catalano, Antonella Canini
Summary: Ancient dental calculus provides valuable information about diet, ecology, and ethnobotanical practices of ancient communities. The study of tartar from an Imperial Roman man with a rare jaw condition revealed that he reached adulthood by consuming well-cooked and semi-liquid food. The analysis of pollen grains also suggested the unintentional or intentional use of certain plants for meals and therapeutic purposes. This research sheds light on the life of this individual and contributes to our understanding of ancient human societies.
QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sean P. Doherty, Michelle M. Alexander, Stuart Henderson, Jason Newton, Jonathan Finch, Matthew J. Collins
Summary: The character and timing of an 'Agricultural Revolution' in British agriculture between the sixteenth and nineteenth century remains a subject of debate. To address this, researchers conducted stable isotope analysis on 658 legal documents written on sheepskin parchment, providing a high temporal resolution analysis of changing agricultural practices and episodes of disease. The results suggest that if an 'Agricultural Revolution' occurred, it took place from the mid-nineteenth century, after the Napoleonic Wars.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)