Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jiamin Zhang, Xiaoyan Zhou, Hua Hao
Summary: TAMs play a crucial role in tumorigenesis and malignant progression, and understanding their phenotype-switching is important for tumor therapy.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Yi-Ping Yang, Chian-Shiu Chien, Aliaksandr A. Yarmishyn, Man-Sheung Chan, Andy Chi-Lung Lee, Yi-Wei Chen, Pin- Huang, Hsin- Ma, Wen-Liang Lo, Yueh Chien, Wen-Chang Lin, Mong-Lien Wang, Ming-Teh Chen
Summary: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal type of brain cancer, where the differentiation of M2 macrophages by MSI1 and MIF1 proteins in the tumor microenvironment promotes tumor progression.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
M. Bessa-Goncalves, C. Ribeiro-Machado, M. Costa, C. C. Ribeiro, J. N. Barbosa, M. A. Barbosa, S. G. Santos
Summary: This study demonstrated that the incorporation of 10mM of magnesium sulfate improved the mechanical properties of the fibrinogen scaffold and promoted macrophage polarization to M2 phenotype. In vivo experiments showed that FgMg10 scaffolds reduced inflammatory mediators and increased M2 macrophage polarization.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Qiuliang Liu, Kai Pian, Zhen Tian, Haitao Duan, Qi Wang, Hui Zhang, Longyan Shi, Dongjian Song
Summary: Overexpression of CAB39 can enhance M2 polarization of macrophages and reduce chondrocyte injury in OA by activating the AMPK/Sirt-1 pathway.
Article
Immunology
Elizabeth Olmsted-Davis, Julio Mejia, Elizabeth Salisbury, Zbigniew Gugala, Alan R. Davis
Summary: Recent studies have shown the important role of M2 macrophages in tissue regeneration and bone formation. By isolating and characterizing brown adipocyte-like cells associated with heterotopic ossification, researchers have identified these cells as M2 macrophages, which play a crucial role in bone production. The overlap in macrophage populations between different models suggests that M2 macrophages may be essential ancillary cells for bone formation in general.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yaozhong Hu, Jiaxin Gu, Jing Lin, Yi Wang, Feier Yang, Jia Yin, Zhenting Yu, Sihao Wu, Huan Lv, Xuemeng Ji, Shuo Wang
Summary: The intervention of EGCG on macrophage polarization was found to promote M2 polarization and inhibit M1 polarization, particularly in liver, colon, spleen, and brain.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Praneeth R. Kuninty, Karin Binnemars-Postma, Ahmed Jarray, Kunal P. Pednekar, Marcel A. Heinrich, Helen J. Pijffers, Hetty ten Hoopen, Gert Storm, Peter van Hoogevest, Wouter K. den Otter, Jai Prakash
Summary: In this study, engineered nanoliposomes mimic peroxidated phospholipids and specifically target tumor-associated macrophages. The nanoliposomes are efficiently taken up by M2 macrophages and can reduce premetastatic niche or tumor growth in vivo upon treatment with inhibitors or drugs.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Yutao Wang, Kexin Yan, Jianfeng Wang, Jiaxing Lin, Jianbin Bi
Summary: The study identified four co-expressed genes that were positively correlated with infiltration of M2 macrophages and involved in the negative regulation of immune system processes and positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production. These genes also serve as robust biomarkers for predicting bladder cancer and immune phenotypes.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Sungwon Jung, Sungeun Heo, Yoogyeong Oh, Kyungtae Park, Sohyeon Park, Woojin Choi, Yang-Hee Kim, Se Yong Jung, Jinkee Hong
Summary: Lung diseases are life threatening and macrophages play a key role in their development. Modulating the phenotype of macrophages through a pulmonary delivery system can be a solution for treating lung diseases. In this study, zwitterion-functionalized PLGA microparticles were synthesized to improve the efficiency of the pulmonary delivery system. These microparticles, containing dexamethasone and pirfenidone, effectively reprogrammed over-polarized M2 macrophages towards pro-inflammatory phenotypes.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Xinyue Wang, Bin Yang, Shuangshuang Ma, Xiaolin Yan, Shuai Ma, Hongmin Sun, Yuyang Sun, Lingyan Jiang
Summary: Lactate promotes Salmonella intracellular replication and systemic infection by driving macrophage M2 polarization.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Minni Zhang, Kun Liu, Qiuyue Zhang, Junnv Xu, Jinchen Liu, Haifeng Lin, Bo Lin, Mingyue Zhu, Mengsen Li
Summary: The role of AFP in regulating macrophage function and phagocytosis is still unclear. This study explored the correlation between AFP regulation of macrophages and the possible regulatory mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Caigui Xiang, Chen Fan, Qiukai Lu, Moting Liu, Huimin Lu, Chunlan Feng, Yanwei Wu, Bing Wu, Heng Li, Wei Tang
Summary: Our study demonstrated that CSF-1R expression was increased in HDM-induced experimental asthma and inhibition of CSF-1R significantly affected the disease severity of asthma by suppressing allergic mediators secretion, airway epithelium dysfunction, and inflammatory cells infiltration. Furthermore, CSF-1R inhibitor could notably restrain the polarization and expression of transcriptional factors of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) induced by IL-4/IL-13 and reduce the recruitment of CSF1R-dominant macrophages in both acute and chronic allergic airway inflammation models.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Guo-Rao Wu, Min Zhou, Yi Wang, Qing Zhou, Lei Zhang, Long He, Shu Zhang, Qilin Yu, Yongjian Xu, Jianping Zhao, Weining Xiong, Cong-Yi Wang
Summary: This study found that Mbd2 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma, mainly through regulating the polarization of M2 macrophages. The results suggest that Mbd2 could be a potential target for the treatment of asthma.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
In-Soon Kang, Rang-Ie Kim, Chaekyun Kim
Summary: CORM-3 promotes macrophage differentiation and polarization towards M2 by increasing M2 markers expression. The results suggest that CO produced in activated macrophages enhances proliferation, differentiation, and M2 polarization, which may help clear apoptotic cells, resolve inflammation, and promote wound healing and tissue remodeling.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jiqing Tang, Jun Liu, Qiaojuan Yan, Zhenglong Gu, Avery August, Weishan Huang, Zhengqiang Jiang
Summary: This study demonstrates that KMOS can ameliorate intestinal inflammation and improve intestinal immunity by modulating macrophage function in a SIGNR1-mediated pathway.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Paolo Pelosi, Roberto Tonelli, Chiara Torregiani, Elisa Baratella, Marco Confalonieri, Denise Battaglini, Alessandro Marchioni, Paola Confalonieri, Enrico Clini, Francesco Salton, Barbara Ruaro
Summary: The latest guidelines for the hospital care of patients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory failure recommend the use of noninvasive respiratory support (NIRS) instead of early intubation. Different clinical-radiological phenotypes of severe COVID-19 pneumonia have been categorized, which can benefit from the application of external positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Excessive negative pleural pressure swings (P-pl) can play a critical role in lung and diaphragm damage in patients treated with noninvasive respiratory support. Routine respiratory monitoring is necessary to prevent the worsening of respiratory condition and consider early initiation of invasive mechanical ventilation. Further research is needed to apply different monitoring methods in clinical practice and optimize ventilatory management for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Caterina Antonaglia, Giovanna Passuti, Fabiola Giudici, Francesco Salton, Barbara Ruaro, Dejan Radovanovic, Marco Confalonieri
Summary: This study describes specific polysomnographic characteristics of patients with asthma and OSAS. A low AT may be the common pathophysiological factor in these two diseases.
SLEEP AND BREATHING
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Mario D'Oria, Ilaria Gandin, Pozzan Riccardo, Michael Hughes, Sandro Lepidi, Francesco Salton, Paola Confalonieri, Marco Confalonieri, Stefano Tavano, Barbara Ruaro
Summary: This paper reviews the correlation between microvascular damage, endothelial dysfunction, and internal organ involvement, particularly pulmonary changes in SSc. While many studies have demonstrated the link between structural microcirculatory damage and pulmonary involvement, there is a scarcity of research on the correlation between microvascular functional impairment and internal organ damage. Overall, the literature supports the correlation between organ involvement and functional microcirculatory impairment in SSc patients. However, further investigation is needed to establish the potential of morphological and functional techniques as biomarkers in SSc.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daria Apostolo, Davide D'Onghia, Stelvio Tonello, Rosalba Minisini, Alessio Baricich, Carla Gramaglia, Filippo Patrucco, Patrizia Zeppegno, Antonio Acquaviva, Piero Emilio Balbo, Luigi Mario Castello, Giuseppe Cappellano, Annalisa Chiocchetti, Chiara Gerevini, Mara Giordano, Fatiha Laaguid, Marcello Manfredi, Davide Raineri, Cristina Rigamonti, Roberta Rolla, Valentina Romano, Marco Confalonieri, Paola Savoia, Elisa Zavattaro, Mario Pirisi, Barbara Ruaro, Pier Paolo Sainaghi, Mattia Bellan
Summary: Post-acute conditions are common after COVID-19, and the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This study suggests that Gas6 and its soluble receptors, sAxl and sMer, may be implicated in these conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Lucrezia Mondini, Paola Confalonieri, Riccardo Pozzan, Luca Ruggero, Liliana Trotta, Selene Lerda, Michael Hughes, Mattia Bellan, Marco Confalonieri, Barbara Ruaro, Francesco Salton, Stefano Tavano
Summary: This review examines the use of nailfold video capillaroscopy (NVC) in patients with COVID-19. By analyzing the findings of each article, scientific evidence on the main alterations in capillary circulation shown by NVC in COVID-19 patients was identified. This provides future prospects and needs for potentially incorporating NVC into the management of COVID-19 patients.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Elisa Baratella, Emilio Quaia, Filippo Crimi, Pierluca Minelli, Vincenzo Cioffi, Barbara Ruaro, Maria Assunta Cova
Summary: This study evaluates the capability of digital tomosynthesis (DTS) to characterize suspected pulmonary lesions in hidden areas of the chest. DTS shows increased sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy compared to chest X-ray (CXR) alone, allowing for confirmation or exclusion of true pulmonary lesions in hidden areas.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Barbara Ruaro, Murray Baron, Edoardo Rosato, Romeo Martini, Marco Confalonieri
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Barbara Ruaro, Ilaria Gandin, Riccardo Pozzan, Stefano Tavano, Chiara Bozzi, Michael Hughes, Metka Kodric, Rossella Cifaldi, Selene Lerda, Marco Confalonieri, Elisa Baratella, Paola Confalonieri, Francesco Salton
Summary: This study examines the safety and efficacy of Nintedanib in treating IPF in a real-life setting. The results show that NTD may stabilize FVC values in IPF patients, but frequent gastrointestinal side effects and dose adjustments may be necessary. The study also confirms the safety of NTD in patients treated with anticoagulant drugs.
Review
Microbiology
Daria Apostolo, Luciana L. Ferreira, Alice Di Tizio, Barbara Ruaro, Filippo Patrucco, Mattia Bellan
Summary: The tyrosine kinase receptors of the TAM family and their ligand Gas6 play a crucial role in innate immunity and inflammatory response. The Gas6/TAM system is involved in the recognition of apoptotic debris by immune cells, which has been exploited by viruses like COVID-19 for cell entry and infection. Understanding the mechanisms underlying COVID-related fibrosis, particularly in the lungs, is still limited, and this review aims to integrate the current knowledge of the Gas6/TAM axis with the pathophysiological mechanisms of COVID-19, focusing on the development of a fibrotic phenotype.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rossella Cifaldi, Francesco Salton, Paola Confalonieri, Liliana Trotta, Mariangela Barbieri, Luca Ruggero, Gianmaria Valeri, Riccardo Pozzan, Rossana Della Porta, Metka Kodric, Elisa Baratella, Mattia Bellan, Selene Lerda, Michael Hughes, Marco Confalonieri, Maria Assunta Cova, Ilaria Gandin, Lucrezia Mondini, Barbara Ruaro
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate whether immune system alterations detected by lymphocyte typing in peripheral blood correlate with the severity of sarcoidosis. The results showed that lymphocyte subpopulation values at the time of diagnosis do not appear to correlate with disease severity at onset.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Francesco Salton, Paola Confalonieri, Gianfranco Umberto Meduri, Lucrezia Mondini, Liliana Trotta, Mariangela Barbieri, Chiara Bozzi, Chiara Torregiani, Selene Lerda, Mattia Bellan, Marco Confalonieri, Barbara Ruaro, Stefano Tavano, Riccardo Pozzan
Summary: Prolonged, low-dose glucocorticoids (GCs) have been found to be highly effective in treating COVID-19. The timing of initiation, dosage, and individual factors play a significant role in the efficacy of the treatment. Methylprednisolone is the most effective GC molecule, likely due to its ability to penetrate the lungs. Future research should focus on identifying markers to guide personalized GC treatment.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Barbara Ruaro, Stefano Tavano, Paola Confalonieri, Riccardo Pozzan, Michael Hughes, Luca Braga, Maria Concetta Volpe, Giovanni Ligresti, Alessia Giovanna Andrisano, Selene Lerda, Pietro Geri, Marco Biolo, Elisa Baratella, Marco Confalonieri, Francesco Salton
Summary: This paper reviews the role of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) in the diagnostic-therapeutic process of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) and concludes that there is currently no clear data demonstrating its superiority over surgical lung biopsy (SLB). Further research is needed to optimize and standardize the procedure, as well as study the histological and molecular characteristics of PF.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Francesco Bozzao, Paola Tomietto, Elisa Baratella, Metka Kodric, Rossella Cifaldi, Rossana Della Porta, Ilaria Prearo, Silvia Maria Grazia Pirronello, Paola Confalonieri, Barbara Ruaro, Fabio Fischetti, Bruno Fabris
Summary: This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and predictive factors for progression of ILD patients with autoimmune features. The results showed that IPAF patients had a lower prevalence of UIP pattern compared to CTD-ILD and UIPAF patients. ILD progression was less frequent in the IPAF group compared to CTD-ILD and UIPAF groups. The definition of UIPAF should be separated from ILD classification and include sicca syndrome for better prognosis prediction.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lucrezia Mondini, Francesco Salton, Liliana Trotta, Chiara Bozzi, Riccardo Pozzan, Mariangela Barbieri, Stefano Tavano, Selene Lerda, Michael Hughes, Marco Confalonieri, Paola Confalonieri, Barbara Ruaro
Summary: COVID-19 has become a global health problem since 2020, with varying degrees of manifestation and therapeutic options depending on the severity and molecular mechanism of the disease. This review analyzes the main therapeutic options available to date for severe and critical cases by modulating the host inflammatory response. More research is needed to identify biomarkers that can predict disease progression and guide personalized interventions.
CURRENT ISSUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giuseppe Di Maggio, Paola Confalonieri, Francesco Salton, Liliana Trotta, Luca Ruggero, Metka Kodric, Pietro Geri, Michael Hughes, Mattia Bellan, Michele Gilio, Selene Lerda, Elisa Baratella, Marco Confalonieri, Lucrezia Mondini, Barbara Ruaro
Summary: Systemic sclerosis is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. It affects multiple organs, including the lungs, kidneys, heart, esophagus, and intestines. Biomarkers play a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of SSc.
CURRENT ISSUES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)