Review
Cell Biology
Eva Tuduri, Sergi Soriano, Lucia Almagro, Eduard Montanya, Paloma Alonso-Magdalena, Angel Nadal, Ivan Quesada
Summary: This review summarizes the age-related alterations, adaptations, and failures of pancreatic β-cells at the molecular, morphological, and functional levels in both mice and humans. The findings suggest that changes in β-cell proliferation, apoptosis, and function with age may impact the development of type 2 diabetes.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ji-Hyun Lee, Ji-Hyeon Lee, Sushil G. Rane
Summary: Pancreatic islet beta cells play a crucial role in diabetes development, with the TGF-β pathway playing an important role in regulating beta cell development, proliferation, and function. This supports the research and therapeutic potential of targeting the TGF-β pathway in diabetes.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xu Chen, Jinghe Xiao, Juan Pang, Shen Chen, Qing Wang, Wenhua Ling
Summary: The study suggests that pancreatic beta-cell function may be a new predictor for the presence of NAFLD, and insufficient compensatory beta-cell function is associated with NAFLD.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Harshal A. Deshmukh, Anne Lundager Madsen, Ana Vinuela, Christian Theil Have, Niels Grarup, Andrea Tura, Anubha Mahajan, Alison J. Heggie, Robert W. Koivula, Federico De Masi, Konstantinos K. Tsirigos, Allan Linneberg, Thomas Drivsholm, Oluf Pedersen, Thorkild I. A. Sorensen, Arne Astrup, Anette A. P. Gjesing, Imre Pavo, Andrew R. Wood, Hartmut Ruetten, Angus G. Jones, Anitra D. M. Koopman, Henna Cederberg, Femke Rutters, Martin Ridderstrale, Markku Laakso, Mark McCarthy, Tim M. Frayling, Ele Ferrannini, Paul W. Franks, Ewan R. Pearson, Andrea Mari, Torben Hansen, Mark Walker
Summary: Through a genome-wide meta-analysis, we have identified variations in the GIPR-QPCTL and CDKAL1 loci as key determinants of pancreatic beta-cell glucose sensitivity. These results indicate that genetic variations play a significant role in regulating beta-cell glucose sensitivity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Algerta Marku, Alessandra Galli, Paola Marciani, Nevia Dule, Carla Perego, Michela Castagna
Summary: Iron is crucial for insulin synthesis and ATP production in pancreatic beta-cells. Proper regulation of iron content is essential to prevent oxidative damage and cell dysfunction. Understanding and controlling iron metabolism in beta-cells could lead to new treatments for diseases such as diabetes.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mengxue Jiang, Zhijian Kuang, Yaohui He, Yin Cao, Tingyan Yu, Jidong Cheng, Wen Liu, Wei Wang
Summary: This study reveals that SNAPIN plays a crucial role in regulating insulin secretion and beta cell proliferation, with its expression influenced by age and diabetes. The function of SNAPIN is achieved through its impact on cell cycle regulation, suggesting it might be a potential pharmacotherapeutic target for diabetes mellitus.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Min Zhu, Xiaohong Liu, Wen Liu, Yanrong Lu, Jingqiu Cheng, Younan Chen
Summary: The roles of pancreatic beta cell senescence and systemic aging in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in elderly people are still poorly understood, and further research is needed in this area.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kristen E. Rohli, Cierra K. Boyer, Sandra E. Blom, Samuel B. Stephens
Summary: Pancreatic islet beta-cells have the ability to adapt their secretory program to match nutrient availability and peripheral insulin signaling cues. However, as Type 2 diabetes progresses, these adaptive mechanisms fail, leading to a decline in beta-cell function and impaired insulin secretion.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hossein Arefanian, Lubaina Koti, Sardar Sindhu, Rasheed Ahmad, Ashraf Al Madhoun, Fahd Al-Mulla
Summary: Verapamil has potential benefits for pancreatic beta-cells in patients with diabetes mellitus by increasing C-peptide levels, although the molecular mechanisms underlying its beta-cell protective effects are still unclear. It has been found to reduce the expression of TXNIP, a molecule involved in beta-cell apoptosis, and also modulate other signaling pathways.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Alexandra L. G. Mahoney, Najah T. Nassif, Bronwyn A. O'Brien, Ann M. Simpson
Summary: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease with autoimmune destruction of beta-cell population. Current treatments have significant side effects. Gene therapy and viral vectors have been explored for inducing pancreatic transdifferentiation to replace destroyed beta-cells. Studies using transcription factors have achieved varying levels of success, but further research and development are needed.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jian Lin, Yan Lan, Daochun Xiang, Rui Ma, Qianjiang Chen, Ke Ding, Jingli Lu
Summary: Pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction is a key factor in the development of diabetes. This study found that IL-33 could promote cell survival and insulin secretion in beta-cells under diabetic conditions. IL-33 achieves this by increasing the expression of its receptor ST2 and the transcription factor PPAR gamma. IL-33 also has anti-inflammatory effects and improves glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function. This research provides important insights into the mechanisms of beta-cell diseases and potential new strategies for diabetes treatment.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Ivonne Torres-Atencio, Ariadne Campble, Amador Goodridge, Margarita Martin
Summary: Mast cells play a crucial role in the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, influencing diagnosis, disease progression, and therapeutic strategies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Shota Amano, Teijiro Hirashita, Yoko Kawano, Haruto Nishida, Hiroki Orimoto, Masahiro Kawamura, Takahide Kawasaki, Takashi Masuda, Yuichi Endo, Masayuki Ohta, Tsutomu Daa, Masafumi Inomata
Summary: Survivin and XIAP expression correlated with the malignancy of PanNET, with XIAP expression associated with a poor prognosis. The expression of these proteins may serve as useful indicators for selecting optimal therapeutic agents in PanNET.
WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jiannan Xiao, Liliane El Eid, Teresa Buenaventura, Raphael Boutry, Amelie Bonnefond, Ben Jones, Guy A. Rutter, Philippe Froguel, Alejandra Tomas
Summary: This study aimed to determine the kinase activity profiles of human pancreatic beta cells downstream of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) balanced versus biased agonist stimulations. The results showed that acute and sustained GLP-1R agonist exposure had distinct effects on kinase responses, and different biased agonists could modulate distinct kinase interaction networks. These findings have important implications for the selection of appropriate anti-type 2 diabetes therapies.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaoyang Li, Qiushi Yang, Hang Ye, Shuo Li, Yuzhu Wang, Wanjiang Yu
Summary: The study compared the reliability of different methods for measuring pancreatic fat content and found that measuring half of the pancreas through interlayer data collection can effectively reflect the fat content of the entire pancreas. This method saves time and effort without compromising the results, indicating promising clinical application prospects.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Janine Wirth, Elaine Hillesheim, Lorraine Brennan
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis found no clear relationship between increased protein intake and sleep outcomes, although the evidence strength was low. More randomized controlled trials focusing on this specific research question are needed.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Elaine Hillesheim, Lorraine Brennan
Summary: Personalised nutrition advice is found to be more effective than population-level advice in improving dietary intake and health outcomes. Metabotyping, which groups individuals based on metabolic profiles, has been successfully used to identify subgroups with different responses to dietary challenges and interventions. However, more studies are needed to examine the efficacy of this approach in improving health parameters.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Elena de Marco Castro, Giacomo Valli, Caroline Buffiere, Christelle Guillet, Brian Mullen, Jedd Pratt, Katy Horner, Susanne Naumann-Gola, Stephanie Bader-Mittermaier, Matteo Paganini, Giuseppe De Vito, Helen M. Roche, Dominique Dardevet
Summary: This study investigates the postprandial amino acid appearance in healthy older adults after consuming different plant protein and fiber (PPF) products compared to whey protein with added fiber (WPF). The results show that PPF products had a lower maximal increase in leucine concentration and the sum of branched-chain and indispensable amino acid concentrations compared to WPF. However, plasma methionine, cysteine, and to a lesser extent, threonine appearance were limited only after consuming the PPF products. Additionally, WPF induced greater postprandial insulin concentrations than the PPF products, indicating potentially lower anabolic potential.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shubbham Gupta, Isobel Claire Gormley, Lorraine Brennan
Summary: Most metabolomics biomarker research has focused on identifying disease biomarkers, but there is a need for biomarkers of early metabolic dysfunction to guide lifestyle interventions. MetaboVariation is a method that models fluctuations in metabolite levels at an individual level. It uses a Bayesian model to identify individuals with intra-individual variations in their metabolite levels and has been successfully applied to a dataset of 164 individuals. The development of a MetaboVariation R package with a web application further enhances its usability.
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jessica Rigutto-Farebrother, Sanne Ahles, Janet Cade, Karen J. Murphy, Jogchum Plat, Lukas Schwingshackl, Helen M. Roche, Sangeetha Shyam, Carl Lachat, Anne-Marie Minihane, Connie Weaver
Summary: This article describes an initiative led by the Federation of European Nutrition Societies to develop an extension to the CONSORT statement specifically for nutrition trials. An international working group was formed to provide recommendations for the reporting of nutrition trials. The article emphasizes the need for additional guidance to improve the quality and consistency of reporting in this field.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Croi E. Buckley, Xiaofei Yin, Sebastian Meltzer, Anne Hansen Ree, Kathrine Roe Redalen, Lorraine Brennan, Jacintha O'Sullivan, Niamh Lynam-Lennon
Summary: Resistance to neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy in rectal cancer is a challenge, and there is a need to identify its underlying mechanisms and develop predictive biomarkers and novel treatment strategies. This study identified an in vitro model of radioresistant rectal cancer and found significant alterations in multiple molecular pathways, including cell cycle, DNA repair, and oxidative phosphorylation-related genes. Metabolomic profiling of pre-treatment serum samples from rectal cancer patients identified metabolites significantly associated with treatment response and overall survival. This study highlights metabolic reprogramming as a role in radioresistance of rectal cancer and suggests altered metabolites as potential circulating predictive markers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Julie Turbitt, Lorraine Brennan, R. Charlotte Moffett, Peter R. Flatt, Paul R. V. Johnson, Andrei I. Tarasov, Neville H. McClenaghan
Summary: The study found that taurine, alanine, and proline can promote insulin secretion through the regulation of ion transport and inhibition of the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter. This action of taurine may have potential value in the treatment of diabetes.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Elaine Hillesheim, Xiaofei Yin, Geetha Priya Sundaramoorthy, Lorraine Brennan
Summary: This study investigated the effectiveness of personalized nutrition advice compared to population-level advice in improving dietary quality and metabolic health biomarkers. A 12-week parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted with 107 healthy adults. The personalized group received dietary advice based on their metabotype characteristics and individual traits, while the control group received generic dietary advice. The personalized approach resulted in higher dietary quality and significant improvements in various metabolic health biomarkers.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Fiona O'Connell, Eimear Mylod, Noel E. Donlon, Aisling B. Heeran, Christine Butler, Anshul Bhardwaj, Sinead Ramjit, Michael Durand, Gerard Lambe, Paul Tansey, Ivan Welartne, Kevin P. Sheahan, Xiaofei Yin, Claire L. Donohoe, Narayanasamy Ravi, Margaret R. Dunne, Lorraine Brennan, John V. Reynolds, Helen M. Roche, Jacintha O'Sullivan
Summary: This study conducted a detailed assessment of adipose tissue metabolism and secreted pro-inflammatory, metabolite, and lipid profiles in OAC patients. The study found that OAC patients with obesity and metabolic dysfunction had increased metabolic profiles linked to tumorigenesis and inflammation. These findings suggest that targeting these altered signaling mechanisms could potentially aid current treatment strategies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Clement Agoni, Ilias Stavropoulos, Anna Kirwan, Margharitha M. Mysior, Therese Holton, Tilen Kranjc, Jeremy C. Simpson, Helen M. Roche, Denis C. Shields
Summary: This study identified and synthesized peptides from milk protein Alpha-S1-casein that were predicted to be cell-penetrating. The peptides showed cell penetrating behavior without affecting cell homeostatic mechanisms. Further investigation is warranted to explore their potential bioactivities.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Christopher E. E. Shannon, Meabh B. Ni Chathail, Sinead M. Mullin, Andrew Meehan, Fiona C. C. McGillicuddy, Helen M. M. Roche
Summary: Obesity is a complex disease with diverse cardiometabolic risk profiles. Traditional dietary weight management approaches have failed to address the biological heterogeneity among individuals. This review explores the tissue-level pathophysiological processes that contribute to distinct cardiometabolic phenotypes in obesity, including abnormalities in adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, gut microbiome, and the innate immune system. The potential of precision nutritional approaches to target these pathways and optimize cardiometabolic benefits is discussed.
REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lorraine Brennan, Baukje de Roos
Summary: Precision nutrition aims to provide personalized dietary advice based on individual genetics, metabolism, and dietary/environmental exposures. Recent advances in omic technologies, particularly metabolomics, offer valuable insights for precision nutrition by capturing information on food intake, bioactive compounds, and the impact of diets on metabolism. Utilizing metabolomic profiles to identify subgroups and incorporating them into prediction models can help understand and predict responses to dietary interventions. However, there are still unanswered questions and the key for the future is to address these and demonstrate the efficacy of precision nutrition in promoting adherence to healthier diets and improving overall health.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aoife E. Mcnamara, Xiaofei Yin, Cassandra Collins, Lorraine Brennan
Summary: It has been well-established that consuming cruciferous and brassica vegetables is correlated with reduced rates of negative health outcomes. This study aimed to identify biomarkers of broccoli intake and examine the dose-response relationship using metabolomic approaches. The results showed that urinary S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO) and several LC-MS features appeared as potentially promising biomarkers of broccoli consumption.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Caoileann H. Murphy, Sinead N. McCarthy, Aoibheann M. McMorrow, Brendan Egan, Maureen J. McGowan, Sheena Rafferty, Clare A. Corish, Helen M. Roche
Summary: This study assessed the prevalence and determinants of sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults in Ireland. The study found a relatively high prevalence of sarcopenia, which was independently associated with polypharmacy, lower height, and lower instrumental activities of daily living score. Energy-adjusted macronutrient intake, as determined by 24-hour recall, was not independently associated with sarcopenia.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)