Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Liying Xuan, Danni Fu, Dong Zhen, Dongsong Bai, Lijun Yu, Guohua Gong
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the role of lncRNA Sox2 overlapping transcript (Sox2OT) in coronary microembolization-induced myocardial injury (MI). The results showed that silencing Sox2OT inhibited MI by eliminating Sox2OT/miR-23b binding and down-regulating the TLR4/NF-kappa B pathway.
Review
Pathology
Md Sadique Hussain, Abdullah A. Majami, Haider Ali, Gaurav Gupta, Waleed Hassan Almalki, Sami I. Alzarea, Imran Kazmi, Rahamat Unissa Syed, Nasrin E. Khalifa, Mohammed Khaled Bin Break, Ruqaiyah Khan, Najla Altwaijry, Rahul Sharma
Summary: MEG3 is a significant lncRNA that plays a crucial role in breast cancer development. It regulates gene expression and osteogenic tissue differentiation through interactions with miRNAs, proteins, and epigenetic modifications. As a tumor suppressor, MEG3 influences the expression of miR-182 and miRNA-29 in breast cancer. It is also involved in acute myocardial infarction and endothelial cell function. Higher MEG3 expression is associated with enhanced survival in breast cancer patients.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wei Ding, Ying Liu, Zhe Su, Qi Li, Jianxun Wang, Yufang Gao
Summary: This article summarizes the mechanisms of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating aortic dissection (AD) and their clinical applications as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Studies have shown that the dysregulation of ncRNAs contributes to the occurrence and development of AD, making ncRNAs a potential new field for AD treatment.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard, Bashdar Mahmud Hussen, Hazha Hadayat Jamal, Mohammad Taheri, Guive Sharifi
Summary: Non-coding RNAs, especially lncRNAs and miRNAs, play important roles in regulating viral infections and immune responses. The expression of various host and viral lncRNAs is altered during viral infection, which can either inhibit viral infection, promote viral replication, or suppress antiviral responses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard, Tayyebeh Khoshbakht, Bashdar Mahmud Hussen, Mohammad Taheri, Majid Samsami
Summary: The Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in tumor formation, resistance to conventional therapies, tissue regeneration, and neurodegenerative disorders. Numerous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and miRNAs have been identified to interact with the Shh pathway in both malignant and non-malignant conditions. This review summarizes the interactions between ncRNAs and Shh in various contexts.
CANCER CELL INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard, Rezvan Noroozi, Atefe Abak, Mohammad Taheri, Alireza Salimi
Summary: This article describes the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating Rho GTPase signaling, either through direct modulation of protein expression or influencing miRNA expression.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
I Amelio, F. Bernassola, E. Candi
Summary: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women with the highest mortality rate. Despite advancements in treatment strategies, innovative biomarkers are still needed for early detection and prognosis. Noncoding RNAs and specifically long non-coding RNAs have been shown to play crucial roles in different stages of breast cancer tumorigenesis.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaocong Lin, Guodan Li, Xiuwen Yan, Weiyu Fu, Jie Ruan, Hang Ding, Huajun Yu, Xiaoyi Chen, Liubo Lan, Yong Dai, Kai Pan, Xinguang Liu, Haitao Zhang
Summary: This study identifies lncRNA BC002811 as a critical regulator in the development and progression of gastric cancer. BC002811 is upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines and its high expression is associated with reduced overall survival in GC patients. BC002811 promotes GC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and inhibits apoptosis in vitro, and accelerates tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. It upregulates MMP2 and MMP9 and promotes GC cell metastasis by downregulating PTEN expression and blocking SOX2 binding to the PTEN promoter.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Yuanyuan Wang, Huihui Bai, Meina Jiang, Chengwei Zhou, Zhaohui Gong
Summary: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene regulation and malignant processes in human cancers. The lncRNA JPX acts as a novel molecular switch for X chromosome inactivation and its differential expression has clinical correlations in various cancers. JPX is involved in cancer growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance through its role as a competing endogenous RNA, protein interaction, and regulation of specific signaling pathways. Furthermore, JPX has potential applications as a biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This article provides a comprehensive summary of the structure, expression, and function of JPX in malignant cancer processes, and discusses its molecular mechanisms and potential applications in cancer biology and medicine.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xin Zhao, Jincheng Wu, Yongwen Li, Feng Ye, Chunyue Wang
Summary: The study found that lncRNA FENDRR can block the CSC-like traits in colorectal cancer cells by directly interacting with Sox2 mRNA 3'UTR, with its overexpression attenuating these traits and its knockdown enhancing them.
Review
Cell Biology
Jihui Lee, Hara Kang
Summary: Sarcopenia is an age-related disease that can be regulated by alterations in the expression levels of non-coding RNAs, leading to muscle atrophy and dysfunction. Exercise can affect the expression patterns of non-coding RNAs involved in sarcopenia.
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Xue-Fen Chen, Jing-Min Deng
Summary: Asthma is a common complex disorder characterized by chronic inflammatory airway disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), with no or limited protein-coding capacity, have received increasing attention in exploring the biological regulation of chronic airway diseases. This review highlights the functional roles and clinical significance of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of asthma and provides directions for future diagnosis and treatment.
COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY & HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Jin-hai Tian, Shi-hai Liu, Chuan-yang Yu, Li-gang Wu, Li-bin Wang
Summary: Breast cancer is a common malignancy in females worldwide, with drug resistance leading to low survival rates and poor prognosis. Non-coding RNAs play key roles in regulating tumor development and mediating therapy resistance, with mechanisms differing in chemotherapeutic, endocrine, and targeted drug resistance.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard, Mahdi Gholipour, Mohammad Taheri
Summary: Research has shown that long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs play important roles in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease, with some lncRNAs up-regulated and certain circRNAs down-regulated in CAD patients. These RNA molecules have been found to influence the function of endothelial cells or vascular smooth muscle cells, contributing to the development and progression of CAD.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angela Garcia-Fonseca, Cynthia Martin-Jimenez, George E. Barreto, Andres Felipe Aristizabal Pachon, Janneth Gonzalez
Summary: Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by neuronal dysfunction and cell death, with microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs playing important roles in their pathogenesis. Machine learning has emerged as a valuable tool for analyzing expression profiles of non-coding RNAs and aiding in the early diagnosis of NDs.
Article
Oncology
Euphemia Leung, Jinal Patel, Jennifer A. Hollywood, Ayesha Zafar, Petr Tomek, David Barker, Lisa I. Pilkington, Michelle van Rensburg, Ries J. Langley, Nuala A. Helsby, Christopher J. Squire, Bruce C. Baguley, William A. Denny, Johannes Reynisson, Ivanhoe K. H. Leung
Summary: Research has found that inhibiting TDP1 can restore sensitivity to topoisomerase I poisons, likely regulated by multiple complementary DNA repair pathways. The prospect of targeting multiple DNA repair pathways to increase sensitivity to topoisomerase I inhibitors has been raised.
ONCOLOGY AND THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Rohan Ameratunga, See-Tarn Woon, Edward Lea, Richard Steele, Klaus Lehnert, Euphemia Leung, Anna E. S. Brooks
Summary: The immunological response to COVID-19 is only partly understood. The virus triggers an inappropriate host inflammatory reaction in severe cases. The role of antibodies in COVID-19 remains to be fully defined, while there is increasing evidence that a vigorous T-cell response is protective.
EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shaun W. P. Rees, Tayla A. Rees, Euphemia Leung, Christopher S. Walker, David Barker, Lisa I. Pilkington
Summary: Inhibition of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C has been identified as a potential target for cancer therapeutics. The activation of NF-kappa B, a key factor in transcription of oncogenic genes, can be reduced through exogenous delivery of nitric oxide, leading to improved anti-proliferative activity. Incorporation of an exogenous NO-releasing functional group onto known PC-PLC inhibitors enhances their anti-proliferative activity, providing a basis for improving future cancer treatments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natalie A. Haverkate, Euphemia Leung, Lisa I. Pilkington, David Barker
Summary: Fifteen novel thieno[2,3-b]pyridines were synthesized in this study by incorporating bulky and easily cleavable functional groups, resulting in compounds with increased activity against breast cancer and colon cancer cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Peter Jaein Choi, Petr Tomek, Moana Tercel, Johannes Reynisson, Thomas In Hyeup Park, Elizabeth Alexandra Cooper, William Alexander Denny, Jiney Jose, Euphemia Leung
Summary: The combination of CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib with near-infrared dye MHI-148 enhances cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells, with a mechanism of action different from the parent compound. Investigating the mechanism of action in such conjugates is important for understanding their potential therapeutic effects.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Natalie A. Haverkate, Euphemia Leung, Lisa I. Pilkington, David Barker
Summary: The study found that appending a propyl-aryl group at C-5 on 2-amino-3-carboxamido-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine resulted in compounds with potent anti-proliferative activity, exhibiting IC50 values lower than 50 nM. The propyl tether places the newly introduced aryl ring in an untargeted lipophilic pocket within the active site of the phosphoinositide phospholipase C (PI-PLC) enzyme.
Article
Immunology
Rohan Ameratunga, See-Tarn Woon, Richard Steele, Klaus Lehnert, Euphemia Leung, Anna E. S. Brooks
Summary: COVID-19 has had a devastating impact on the global community, with millions of deaths and widespread poverty. Challenges in vaccine distribution have allowed the emergence of new variants, prolonging the pandemic. The immune response to the virus is now better understood, with T cells playing a crucial role in both disease outcome and vaccine protection. Severe COVID-19 can be seen as a virus-induced immune dysregulatory disorder, leading to potential improvements in diagnostic tests, vaccines, and therapies.
EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emily K. Paulin, Euphemia Leung, Lisa I. Pilkington, David Barker
Summary: Dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans (DBLs) are natural products with diverse biological activities. SAR studies on DBLs have mainly focused on changes in aromatic rings and benzylic carbons, while the effects of substituents at the C-9' position in the lactone have not been extensively explored. Previous research has shown that C-9' hydroxymethyl analogues can induce programmed cell death. Using the core structure of the bioactive natural product arctigenin, C-9' derivatives were synthesized and showed higher anti-proliferative activity compared to the C-9' hydroxymethyl lead compound.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Shaun W. P. Rees, Hayden Jones-Moore, Euphemia Leung, David Barker, Lisa Pilkington
Summary: In this study, 54 novel analogs of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]quinoline were synthesized and tested for their anti-proliferative activities against breast cancer cell lines. Among them, 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]quinoline and phenyl-substituted analogs with 3-OMe and 2,3-napthalene showed excellent anti-proliferative activities. Molecular modeling suggested that these compounds bind similarly to CYP1.
FUTURE MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yu Gao, Andrew N. Shelling, David Porter, Euphemia Leung, Zimei Wu
Summary: This study investigates the structural integrity and long-term stability of trastuzumab under different stress factors in formulation development. Results show that trastuzumab is resistant to mechanical and freeze-and-thaw stress, but unstable under acidic and alkaline environments. Low temperature and low concentration favor long-term stability. This study provides valuable stability information for developing trastuzumab-involved nano-formulation and clinical applications.
PHARMACEUTICAL DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bailey Morphet, Shaun W. P. Rees, Natalie A. Haverkate, Hamid Aziz, Euphemia Leung, Lisa I. Pilkington, David Barker
Summary: 3-Amino-2-arylcarboxamido-thieno[2-3-b]pyridines have potent anti-proliferative activity against MDA-MB-231 and HCT116 cancer cell lines. The mechanism involves interfering with phospholipid metabolism via inhibition of PI-PLC. The synthesis and evaluation of a library of 40 novel thieno[2-3-b]pyridine analogues revealed that compounds with shorter benzoyl or secondary benzyl alcohol tethers and 2-methyl-3-halogen substitution on the 2-arylcarboxamide ring have improved efficacy and maintained potent anti-proliferative activity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Y. Nina Gao, Brandon Coombes, Euijung Ryu, Vanessa Pazdernik, Gregory Jenkins, Richard Pendegraft, Joanna Biernacka, Mark Olfson
Summary: This study compares patients diagnosed with depression without anxiety, anxiety without depression, or both depression and anxiety, and identifies differences in the clinically observable phenome between these groups. The results show that patients diagnosed with depression only are more likely to have diagnoses of obesity, sleep apnea, and type II diabetes, while patients diagnosed with anxiety only are more likely to have diagnoses of palpitations, benign skin neoplasms, and cardiac dysrhythmias. Patients with comorbid depression and anxiety have higher rates of other mental health disorders, substance use disorders, sleep problems, and gastroesophageal reflux.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Emily K. Paulin, Euphemia Leung, Lisa Pilkington, David Barker
Summary: A flexible approach to C7 keto dibenzyl butyrolactone lignans was developed, allowing the synthesis of several natural products and their derivatives. The method proceeds through enantioenriched beta-substituted butyrolactones, enabling the total synthesis of several natural products for the first time. The synthesized compound (-)-isopolygamain showed potent anti-proliferative activity.
ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ena Yano, Mie Riisom, Kelvin K. H. Tong, Muhammad Hanif, Euphemia Leung, Christian G. Hartinger
Summary: Ruthenium-based complexes are promising anticancer candidates with lower overall toxicity compared to platinum drugs. The complex [Ru-II(eta(6)-p-cymene)(8-oxyquinolinato)Cl] 1 exhibits significant cytotoxic activity in cancer cells, and analytical methods such as ICP-MS and LC-ESI-TOF-MS were used to study its fate in cells. Ru content in cell lysate remained constant over time, while the compound was still detectable after 24 hours through LC-ESI-TOF-MS.
ANALYTICAL METHODS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Nabangshu Sharma, Ries J. Langley, Chatchakorn Eurtivong, Euphemia Leung, Ryan Joseph Dixon, Emily K. Paulin, Shaun W. P. Rees, Lisa Pilkington, David Barker, Johannes Reynisson, Ivanhoe K. H. Leung
Summary: The study reports the development and optimisation of a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry-based assay to monitor PC-PLCBc activity, comparing the inhibition of PC-PLCBc by different structural classes of inhibitors in one-phase and two-phase reaction systems. The assay was shown to have advantages over the commonly used Amplex Red assay and can be applied to study the activity and inhibition of other phospholipases.
ANALYTICAL METHODS
(2021)
