Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Aaron R. Cox, Natasha Chernis, Kang Ho Kim, Peter M. Masschelin, Pradip K. Saha, Shawn M. Briley, Robert Sharp, Xin Li, Jessica B. Felix, Zheng Sun, David D. Moore, Stephanie A. Pangas, Sean M. Hartig
Summary: The research shows that the expression of Ube2i in mature adipocytes is crucial for the expansion of white adipose tissue. Deletion of Ube2i in fat cells compromises and diminishes adipocyte function, leading to WAT inflammation and ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Kenneth N. Huynh, Sriram Rao, Bradley Roth, Theodore Bryan, Dayantha M. Fernando, Farshid Dayyani, David Imagawa, Nadine Abi-Jaoudeh
Summary: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1a) is a transcription factor that regulates the cellular response to hypoxia and is upregulated in all types of solid tumor. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly vascular and hypoxic tumor, and treatments like TACE and TAE can exacerbate hypoxia in HCC. Hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs) have potential as a targeted treatment for hypoxic HCC, but more research is needed to understand their effects in combination with embolization.
Article
Ophthalmology
Bing X. Ross, Lin Jia, Dejuan Kong, Tiantian Wang, Jingyu Yao, Heather M. Hager, Steven F. Abcouwer, David N. Zacks
Summary: The study aimed to determine the necessity of HIF-1a on PR cell survival after RD. The findings suggest that rod-derived HIF-1a plays a key role in promoting PR cell survival.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
M. Carmen Soler-Vazquez, Maria del Mar Romero, Marijana Todorcevic, Katia Delgado, Carles Calatayud, Aleyda Benitez-Amaro, Maria Teresa La Chica Lhoest, Paula Mera, Sebastian Zagmutt, Marianela Bastias-Perez, Kevin Ibeas, Nuria Casals, Joan Carles Escola-Gil, Vicenta Llorente-Cortes, Antonella Consiglio, Dolors Serra, Laura Herrero
Summary: Obesity and its associated metabolic comorbidities are a global health issue, and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) are of interest for cell therapy. In this study, adipocytes expressing a constitutively active form of the enzyme CPT1A were generated and implanted into mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). The CPT1A-implanted mice showed improvements in body weight, hepatic steatosis, serum insulin and cholesterol levels, and glucose tolerance. Additionally, HFD-induced adipose tissue abnormalities and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex expression were reduced in the CPT1A-implanted mice. These findings support the potential clinical use of ex vivo gene therapy for obesity.
METABOLIC ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Cynthia Ju, Meng Wang, Eunyoung Tak, Boyun Kim, Christoph Emontzpohl, Yang Yang, Xiaoyi Yuan, Huban Kutay, Yafen Liang, David R. Hall, Wasim A. Dar, J. Steve Bynon, Peter Carmeliet, Kalpana Ghoshal, Holger K. Eltzschig
Summary: miRNA miR122 plays a crucial role in hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury by regulating HIF1 alpha and PHD1 to enhance liver protection. Pharmacologic interventions targeting miR122 show potential benefits in attenuating liver injury, as demonstrated in patient studies undergoing liver transplantation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Tripti Singh, Pallabi Banerjee, Uditi, Sarita Kumari, Anita Chopra, Nagendra Singh, Imteyaz Qamar
Summary: Regucalcin regulates intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and intracellular signaling pathways. Its expression in hypoxia is upregulated by HIF-1α through direct binding to the HRE binding motifs within the Regucalcin promoter.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Prakash Doddapattar, Rishabh Dev, Madankumar Ghatge, Rakesh B. Patel, Manish Jain, Nirav Dhanesha, Steven R. Lentz, Anil K. Chauhan
Summary: This study demonstrates that myeloid cell-specific PKM2 regulates macrophage efferocytosis and atherosclerosis. Deletion or inhibition of PKM2 reduces atherosclerotic lesions, suppresses inflammation, and enhances macrophage efferocytosis.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xin Tang, Cheng Chang, Michelle Hao, Mei Chen, David T. Woodley, Axel H. Schonthal, Wei Li
Summary: HIF-1 and Hsp90 play critical roles in spermatogenesis and tumorigenesis, with Hsp90 alpha affecting the levels of HIF-1 alpha in testis, and Hsp90 beta providing protection for signaling molecules responsible for cellular homeostasis.
CANCER GENE THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Simon T. Bond, Emily J. King, Darren C. Henstridge, Adrian Tran, Sarah C. Moody, Christine Yang, Yingying Liu, Natalie A. Mellett, Artika P. Nath, Michael Inouye, Elizabeth J. Tarling, Thomas Q. de Aguiar Vallim, Peter J. Meikle, Anna C. Calkin, Brian G. Drew
Summary: This study reveals Trim28 as a sex-specific regulator of post-developmental adiposity and white adipose tissue function, impacting lipolysis and triglyceride metabolism. The loss of Trim28 in committed adipocytes leads to sex-specific differences in obesity development, potentially through alterations in Klf14 expression, known to modulate adipocyte size and body composition in a sex-specific manner.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angelo Di Vincenzo, Marnie Granzotto, Marika Crescenzi, Vincenzo Vindigni, Roberto Vettor, Marco Rossato
Summary: In this study, the effects of sex steroids on the expression of inflammatory mediators in human-derived adipocytes were evaluated. The results showed that non-aromatizable androgen DHT and the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole in combination with testosterone significantly enhanced the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS. These results confirm the involvement of sex hormones in adipose tissue inflammation and suggest a specific role for non-aromatizable androgens as amplificatory sex hormones of the inflammatory response.
Review
Immunology
Qianyan He, Yinzhong Ma, Jie Liu, Dianhui Zhang, Jiaxin Ren, Ruoyu Zhao, JunLei Chang, Zhen-Ni Guo, Yi Yang
Summary: Ischemic stroke, caused by inadequate cerebrovascular blood and oxygen supply, poses a significant global health burden. HIF-1α, a key regulator of oxygen homeostasis, plays a critical role in various aspects of stroke pathophysiology and is an important target for potential therapeutic interventions. Further research into the differential regulation of HIF-1α in different cell types during ischemic stroke is crucial for understanding the disease mechanism and identifying novel treatment strategies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Hee-Hoon Kim, Young-Ri Shim, Ha Neul Kim, Keungmo Yang, Tom Ryu, Kyurae Kim, Sung Eun Choi, Min Jeong Kim, Chaerin Woo, Katherine Po Sin Chung, Song Hwa Hong, Hyemi Shin, Jae Myoung Suh, Youngae Jung, Geum-Sook Hwang, Won Kim, Seok-Hwan Kim, Hyuk Soo Eun, Je Kyung Seong, Won-Il Jeong
Summary: Obesity-induced hypoxic stress in white adipose tissue leads to inflammation and interferon-y (IFN-y) production by natural killer (NK) cells. This study reveals that hypoxia promotes glutamate excretion and CXCL12 expression in white adipocytes, recruiting CXCR4+ NK cells. The spatial proximity between adipocytes and NK cells induces IFN-y production by stimulating metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), which triggers inflammatory activation of macrophages and increases xCT and CXCL12 expression in adipocytes. Inhibition of xCT, mGluR5, or IFN-y receptor in adipocytes or NK cells alleviates obesity-related metabolic disorders in mice and elevated glutamate/mGluR5 and CXCL12/CXCR4 levels are observed in obese patients, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for obesity-related metabolic disorders.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marie-Anne Goyette, Islam E. Elkholi, Chloe Apcher, Hellen Kuasne, Carla Rothlin, William J. Muller, Darren E. Richard, Morag Park, Jean-Philippe Gratton, Jean-Francois Cote
Summary: Inhibition of Axl leads to reduction of hypoxia-induced EMT, invasion, and cytokine production, creating a favorable environment for immunotherapy and reducing metastatic burden in HER2(+) breast cancer.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Claes Fryklund, Bjorn Moren, Mathis Neuhaus, Vipul Periwal, Karin G. Stenkula
Summary: Rosiglitazone improves glucose transport in hypertrophic adipocytes without affecting cell size. This improvement is associated with extracellular matrix remodeling and restoration of actin turnover.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nicolas Villa-Roel, Kitae Ryu, Lina Gu, Joan Fernandez Esmerats, Dong-Won Kang, Sandeep Kumar, Hanjoong Jo
Summary: The study showed that the selective inhibitor of HIF1α, PX-478, effectively reduced the expression of HIF1α and its targets, decreased atherosclerotic plaque burden, and resulted in weight loss, reduced plasma LDL cholesterol, and improved hepatic lipid metabolism in mouse models.
Review
Cell Biology
Hsin-Jung Ho, Hitoshi Shirakawa
Summary: The kidney contains mitochondria that produce ATP for cellular processes, but impaired mitochondria can cause oxidative stress injury. There is increasing evidence linking oxidative stress to kidney diseases and providing insights into mitochondria-targeted therapeutics. This review integrates recent studies on oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in kidney diseases, focusing on chronic kidney disease, and identifies potential drugs that modulate mitochondrial function for clinical therapeutics.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yoji Hoshina, Mary Peng, Jana Wold, Vivek Reddy
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qian Xiao, Yi-Hsiu Chen, Ya-Ling Chen, Yu-Shan Chien, Li-Hsuan Hsieh, Hitoshi Shirakawa, Suh-Ching Yang
Summary: This study investigated the beneficial effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on muscle loss in rats with chronic ethanol feeding. The findings showed that EGF supplementation inhibited muscular protein degradation, reduced liver injuries, and altered gut microbiota composition. However, further studies are needed to confirm the improvement in muscle loss.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Yoji Hoshina, Hodaka Takaiso, Hidenori Maki, Toru Yoshino, Kiyoshi Shikino
Summary: The study examined the impact of near-peer teaching on medical English education and found that it resulted in higher levels of motivation, curiosity, initiative, self-efficacy, learning goals, and psychological safety among participants compared to traditional teacher-centered approaches. The study also observed behavioral changes and increased engagement in English learning. The findings suggest that educators should consider adopting similar approaches in their medical English classes to enhance language learning among health professionals.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND FAMILY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhou Xing, Thao Bich Nguyen, Guirong Kanai-Bai, Noriko Yamano-Adachi, Takeshi Omasa
Summary: A novel kinetic model was developed to simulate the production process of a CVA6 VLP vaccine, and the optimal operating conditions that balanced product yield and quality were predicted through multiple objective optimization.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Aoi Suenaga, Yasuyuki Seto, Masafumi Funamoto, Masaki Imanishi, Koichiro Tsuchiya, Yasumasa Ikeda
Summary: This study investigated the effects of TJ-17, a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, on chronic kidney disease (CKD). The results showed that TJ-17 could alleviate renal injury, inflammation, and fibrosis in a mouse model of CKD induced by folic acid. It has a potential preventive effect on CKD.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Yoji Hoshina, Melissa A. Wright, Judith E. A. Warner, Tyler Richards, Karen L. Salzman, Stefan M. Pulst, Emily Spoth, Stacey L. Clardy
Summary: This study reports two undiagnosed patients who presented with episodic neurological symptoms initially suspected to be caused by autoimmune diseases. Through detailed family history inquiry and genetic testing, it was ultimately determined that they had ATX-FGF14, a genetic disorder.
Article
Education & Educational Research
Kosuke Ishizuka, Kiyoshi Shikino, Hajme Kasai, Yoji Hoshina, Saito Miura, Tomoko Tsukamoto, Kazuyo Yamauchi, Shoichi Ito, Masatomi Ikusaka
Summary: This study investigated the effects of gamification using decision-making cards on diagnostic decision-making and cost in medical students. The results showed that this teaching method can improve students' learning motivation and confidence, reduce medical costs, and help them acquire practical knowledge and clinical reasoning skills.
BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Takahiro Noguchi, Hideki Kitaura, Aseel Marahleh, Afifah Zahra Agista, Yusuke Ohsaki, Hitoshi Shirakawa, Itaru Mizoguchi
Summary: Fermented rice bran (FRB) serves as a supplement with anti-inflammatory properties that can mitigate osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by controlling TNF-a expression in macrophages and directly inhibiting osteoclast formation.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Takahiro Kato, Satoshi Kamiya, Soshi Narasaki, Ayako Sumii, Yasuo M. Tsutsumi, Kyoka Machida, Kanako Hara, Yuna Izumi-Mishima, Rie Tsutsumi, Hiroshi Sakaue
Summary: The consumption of partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) can improve the gut environment, alleviate the negative effects of H1N1 influenza virus infection, by promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), inhibiting the increase of inflammatory cytokines, and enhancing natural killer cell activity and regulatory T-cell differentiation.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tohfa Kabir, Haruki Yoshiba, Afifah Zahra Agista, Halima Sultana, Yusuke Ohsaki, Chiu-Li Yeh, Ryota Hirakawa, Hiroko Tani, Tomoki Ikuta, Tomonori Nochi, Suh-Ching Yang, Hitoshi Shirakawa
Summary: The study found that Gnetin C, a derivative with health-promoting properties, can prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), reduce weight gain and liver damage, and improve blood sugar and insulin sensitivity.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Pei-Xin Huang, Chiu-Li Yeh, Suh-Ching Yang, Hitoshi Shirakawa, Chao-Lin Chang, Li-Hsin Chen, Yen-Shuo Chiu, Wan-Chun Chiu
Summary: This study investigated the effects of rice bran supplementation on gut microbiota and muscle mass in high-fat diet-fed mice. The results showed that rice bran improved gut barrier dysfunction and dysbiosis, and maintained muscle mass by regulating muscle atrophy-related factors.
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Eric Stulberg, Michael Chamberlain, Yoji Hoshina, Piotr Tekiela, Kyle Mahoney
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Yoji Hoshina, Alen Delic, Ka-Ho Wong, Stephanie Lyden, Robert Kadish, Stacey Clardy
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Yoji Hoshina, Melissa Wright, Judith Warner, Tyler Richards, Karen Salzman, Stefan Pulst, Emily Spoth, Stacey Clardy